Vision

Question 1

Amplitude

Answer 1

brightness

Question 2

Wavelength

Answer 2

colour

Question 3

Purity

Answer 3

saturation

Question 4

Cornea

Answer 4

transparent window at front of the eye

Question 5

Sclera

Answer 5

white part of eye, tougher membrane

Question 6

Pupil

Answer 6

black dot in middle of eye

Question 7

Iris

Answer 7

coloured part of the eye, controls size of pupil, muscles controlled by brain depending on amount of light entering retina

Question 8

Lens

Answer 8

transparent structure that does the final focussing of light onto the retina at the back of the eye

Question 9

Accommodation

Answer 9

change in shape of lens to focus on objects that vary in distance

Question 10

Vitreous Humor

Answer 10

clear, jelly-like substance that comprises the main chamber inside the eyeball

Question 11

Retina

Answer 11

neural tissue that lines the back of the eye, where physical stimulus of light is first translated into neural impulses

Question 12

Photoreceptor Layer

Answer 12

at the very back of eye

Question 13

Photoreceptors

Answer 13

cells responsible for translating the physical stimulus of light into a neural signal the brain can understand

Question 14

Rental Pigment Epithelium

Answer 14

provide nutrients for photoreceptors that is required for their survival

Question 15

Cones

Answer 15

designed to operate at high light intensities and are primarily used for day vision, provide sensation of colour and provide good visual acuity or sharpness of detail

Question 16

Fovea

Answer 16

tiny spot in the middle of the retina that contains exclusively cones

Question 17

Rods

Answer 17

• designed to operate at low light intensities
  
  • Used primarily for night vision
  • Provide no colour information and offer poor visual acuity
  • Surround fovea
  • Useful for peripheral vision

Question 18

Bipolar Cells

Answer 18

send their information on to next layer of cells in retina

Question 19

Ganglion Cells

Answer 19

collect information from a larger segment of the retina

Question 20

Optic Disc

Answer 20

where axons of these cells all converge at the optic disc, constitutes our blind spot

Question 21

Horizontal/Amacrine Cells

Answer 21

cells in the retina that allow areas within a retinal layer to communicate with each other, allow info from adjacent photoreceptors to combine their information

Question 22

Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

Answer 22

part of thalamus that receives visual information, signals travelling along the optic nerve travel here

Question 23

Extrastriate Cortex

Answer 23

visual processing outside of striate cortex

Question 24

Dorsal Stream

Answer 24

processes where objects are, including their depth and motion in the field, goes to parietal lobe

Question 25

Ventral Stream

Answer 25

processes what the object is, including colour and form, goes to temporal lobe

Question 26

Cumulative Selection

Answer 26

small changes were made to the existing eye and then new small changes were made to the modified eye and so on, thus gradually increasing the sophistication of the eye

Question 27

Curved Eye

Answer 27

Allows light to be sensed from all directions

Question 28

Crude Lens

Answer 28

Allows them to process visual input at different distances

Question 29

Compound Eyes

Answer 29

Good at detecting movement but only at close distances

Question 30

Simple Eyes

Answer 30

Have eyeball, lens, retina

Question 31

Laterally-Directed Eyes

Answer 31

Better field of view

Lower depth perception

Question 32

Front-Facing Eyes

Answer 32

Better depth perception

Smaller field of view

Question 33

Large Eyes

Answer 33

Have better sensitivity and/or acuity

Question 34

Change Blindness

Answer 34

even with directed focus, attention limits lead us to miss information

Question 35

Emotional Blindness

Answer 35

cannot identify certain stimulus like an angry face, but he still flinched indicating some sight

Question 36

Action Blindness

Answer 36

blind man walked down unfamiliar hall and avoided all obstacles