Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Deviance

Answer 1

having thoughts, emotions and behaviours that fall far outside of the standards of what others are doing

Question 2

Distress

Answer 2

intense negative feelings due to their behaviour

Question 3

Dysfunction

Answer 3

behaviour tends to interfere with the person’s ability to function properly in their daily lives

Question 4

Danger

Answer 4

danger to oneself or others

Question 5

DSM

Answer 5

Categorize and describe mental disorders so that clinicians have a common set of criteria for applying a diagnostic label to the symptoms of their patients

Question 6

Categorical Classification Model

Answer 6

• Classified items differ from each other in kind
  
  • Defined by rigid boundaries
    Can only belong to one specific kind of category in a mutually exclusive manner

Question 7

Dimensional Classification Model

Answer 7

Classified items differ from each other in degree

Question 8

Comorbidity

Answer 8

coexistance of two or more disorders at the same time

Question 9

Epidemiology

Answer 9

study of the distribution of psychological disorders in a population

Question 10

Prognosis

Answer 10

probable course of an illness

Question 11

Acute Prognosis

Answer 11

short lasting with sudden onset

Question 12

Chronic Disorders

Answer 12

long lasting and develop over time

Question 13

Episodic Prognosis

Answer 13

recurrent phases separated by periods of normal functioning

Question 14

Prevalence of Disorder

Answer 14

% of population that exhibits that disorder during a specific time point

Question 15

Point Prevalence

Answer 15

measured at a specific instant in time

Question 16

Annual Prevalence

Answer 16

includes anyone who has had the disorder or has the disorder within the past year

Question 17

Lifetime Prevalence

Answer 17

includes anyone who has the disorder or has had it within their lifetime

Question 18

Symptomatology

Answer 18

collection of any behaviours, thoughts, or feelings that may be a potential indicator of a specific psychological disorder

Question 19

Heterogeneity

Answer 19

possibility that two people diagnosed with the same disorder may experience different symptoms

Question 20

Depression

Answer 20

Marked by intense recurrent episodes of sadness

Question 21

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Answer 21

• Cause persistent feelings of anxiety that interfere with daily activity
  
  • Causes continuous anxiety throughout various trivial situations
    Can cause pervasive physical symptoms

Question 22

Schizophrenia

Answer 22

• Marked by disorganized thoughts and behaviours
  
  • Positive symptoms: behaviours that increase in someone
    Negative symptoms: behaviours that decrease in someone, decreased engagement with the world

Question 23

Delusion

Answer 23

irrational belief

Question 24

Catatonic Stupor

Answer 24

dramatic reductions in movement

Question 25

Catatonic Excitement

Answer 25

repeated frantic motor movements that have no purpose

Question 26

Affect

Answer 26

emotional responsivenes, flat = little emotional response

Question 27

Avolition

Answer 27

little interest in socializing

Question 28

Alogia

Answer 28

brief empty replies

Question 29

Etiology

Answer 29

cause or set of causes of a disorder

Question 30

Biological Model

Answer 30

- Medical or disease model - Assumes the a psychological disorder results from a malfunction in the brain Points to genetics

Question 31

Environmental Model

Answer 31

Considers the effects of the environmental factors

Question 32

Behavioural Model

Answer 32

- Considers how external factors produce disordered behaviour and emotions External factors themselves are not the issue, but our responses to them

Question 33

Learned Helpnessness

Answer 33

assumes that depressive symptoms result from a sense of helplessness about a situation in which the subject learns to withhold responding

Question 34

Cognitive Model

Answer 34

Suggests that mental disorders result from maladaptive of inappropriate ways of selecting and interpreting info from the environment

Question 35

Depressogenic Schemata

Answer 35

maladaptive thinking processes