Hunger and the Chemical Senses

Question 1

Glucose

Answer 1

primary fuel for the brain

Question 2

Glycogen

Answer 2

Stored form of glucose

Question 3

Insulin

Answer 3

Stimulates glucose metabolism and glycogen synthesis

Question 4

CCK

Answer 4

Responsible for short term satiation and terminating meals

Question 5

NPY

Answer 5

Stimulates appetite and food consumption

Question 6

Leptin

Answer 6

• High levels inhibit NPY, lower appetite

Low levels promote feeding, energy conservation

Question 7

Fat (Adipose Tissue)

Answer 7

• Has more than 2x the energy that carbs have

Found virtually in all parts of the body

Question 8

Leptin Resistant

Answer 8

at a certain point, leptins ability to inhibit appetite is reduced

Question 9

Endogenous Opioids

Answer 9

• Naturally occurring chemical substances that have morphine like analgesic actions in the body
  
  • Contributes to palatability and reward-driven feeding
    Overeating could be reflective of a maladaptive opioid-mediated reward-driven feeding mechanism

Question 10

Tastes we can Detect

Answer 10

1. Sweet: energy rich foods
   
   2. Salty: identify and ingest essential electrolytes
   3. Bitter: warn you of harmful, spoiled, or poisonous foods
   4. Sour: harmful, spoiled or poisonous foods
      Umami (Savoury): detects amino acids glutamate and aspartate

Question 11

Nasal Pharynx

Answer 11

more sophisticated ability to sense flavour

Question 12

Smell

Answer 12

has a direct link to the cortex without going through the thalamus

Question 13

Olfactory Receptors

Answer 13

respond to a range of stimuli

Question 14

Glomeruli

Answer 14

each receive input from thousands of olfactory receptors

Output from glomeruli goes to higher order brain areas