Development 1

Question 1

Development

Answer 1

changes and continuities that occur within the individual between conception and death

Question 2

Maturation

Answer 2

biologically timed unfolding of changes within the individual according to that individual’s genetic plan

Question 3

Learning

Answer 3

allows you to acquire new information and guide optimal strategies to respond to events and stimuli in the environment

Question 4

Interactionist Perspective

Answer 4

emphasizes that most of your developmental changes reflect the interaction between maturation and learning

Question 5

Habituation Procedure

Answer 5

decrease in the responsiveness to a stimulus following its repeated presentation

Question 6

Dishabituation

Answer 6

an increase in the responsiveness to a stimulus that is somehow different from the habituated stimulus

Question 7

Event Related Potentials

Answer 7

measured by a special cap with an array of electrodes placed on the scalp that can detect changes in electrical activity across a population of neurons in the brain, will evoke changes in various brain regions of interest

Question 8

High Amplitude Sucking Method

Answer 8

measure baseline sucking rate in the absence of relevant stimuli, add stimuli and if the rate goes up it means the infant likes what they hear

Question 9

Preference Method

Answer 9

put in looking chamber to simultaneously look at two different stimuli, researchers can measure the direction the infant is looking to tell if more attention is being directed to one stimulus over another

Question 10

Competence-performance distinction

Answer 10

an individual may fail a task not because they lack those cognitive abilities but because they are unable to demonstrate those abilities

Question 11

Longitudinal Design

Answer 11

researchers examine the abilities and characteristics of the same individuals repeatedly over a subset of their lifespan

Question 12

Negatives of Longitudinal Design

Answer 12

1. expensive and time consuming
2. selective attrition: loss of participants in a study
3. Practice Effects: changes in participants responses due to repeated exposure

Question 13

Cross Sectional Design

Answer 13

people from many age groups are tested at once without the need to be tracked over the span of many years

Question 14

Negatives of Cross Sectional Design

Answer 14

• can’t distinguish age effects from generational effects

- cannot directly assess individual developmental change