Vision

Question 1

If a child at 4 months had very low vision what would be affected developmentally?

Answer 1

reach, grasp, strength in prone skills are probably impacted. discovery of hands

Question 2

Newborn vision development

Answer 2

Visual regard for surroundings. Disorganized eye movements. Monocular vision (seeing out of one eye) . Black and white and strong patterns work best.

Question 3

vision development 1-2 months

Answer 3

Monocular fixation. Tracks from periphery to midline. Visually fixates on hand with ATNR.

Question 4

vision development 3-5 months

Answer 4

Binocular fixation. Eye convergence. Visually crosses midline. Vertical and diagonal visual tracking.

Question 5

Vision development 6 months

Answer 5

Fully developed visual control. Eye movement independent from head movements.

Question 6

Visual Impairment

Answer 6

The loss of or deficit in visual function owing to pathology or processing problems in one or more components of the visual system…”

Question 7

Visual function

Answer 7

20/20 vision

Question 8

Components of visual system

Answer 8

the brain understanding the vision

Question 9

What might indicate a vision issues

Answer 9

• bumping into things
• Difficulty eating or feeding. Unable to find the bottle or spoon
  Lack of facial expression
  Lack of visually attending to caregiver
  Low tone – do to lack of tummy time
  Alignment of their eyes

Question 10

What are the main occupations impacted by visual impairments

Answer 10

Sleep and rest
Play
ADLs
Social Participation

Question 11

what kind of play may a child with visual impairments stay in longest

Answer 11

solitary play

Question 12

what are the two parts of vision we look at

Answer 12

vision and visual processing

Question 13

Visual processing disorder the brain is

Answer 13

not making sense of what it sees

Question 14

when the brain not receiving accurate information from the eyes in the first place what kind of disorder is it?

Answer 14

Vision issue

Question 15

Signs of a VISION issue: for preschoolers

Answer 15

Sitting close to the TV
Squinting
Tilting their head
Frequently rubbing their eyes
Short attention span for their age
Asymmetry of eyes
Sensitivity to light
Difficulty with eye hand coordination
Avoiding coloring, puzzles etc.

Question 16

Who do you refer to if you signs of visual problems

Answer 16

behavioral optometrist to undergo a complete eye function examination to rule out a visual problem

Question 17

Signs that a preschooler has visual processing issues

Answer 17

• Struggles tocopy wordsor drawings accurately
• Qualityof written work ispoordespite
• Avoidspuzzles, mazes etc.
• Does not see the differencebetween similar numbers or letters
• Struggles to learn letters and numbers

Question 18

Make a card for each of these

Visual Discrimination
Figure Ground Discrimination
Visual Sequencing
Visual Motor Processing
Form Consistency
Visual Closure
Visual Memory
Visual Over or Under responsivity

Question 19

cortical visual impairment

Answer 19

Usually goes along with a brain injury.

neurological impairment due to damage to the posterior visual system of the brain or visual pathways

Question 20

What is Cortical vision impairments often seen in conjunction with

Answer 20

Cerebral Palsy, TBI, Hydrocephalus, Anoxia.

Question 21

Differing levels of CVI functioning

Answer 21

0-3 Phase 1: Most impact on visual function
3-7 Phase 2: Moderate impact on visual function
7-10 Phase 3: Closest to typical visual function

Question 22

common CVI charactaristic

Answer 22

Color preference
Need for movement
Visual latency
Visual field preferences
Difficulties with visual complexity
Need for light
Difficulty with distance viewing
Atypical visual reflexes
Difficulty with visual novelty
Absence of visually guided reach

Question 23

How do we evaluate Visual Motor ability in Young Children?

Answer 23

I. Observations- visual tracking, eye/hand coordination, prewriting skills

II. Informal Assessments
Neuro Vision Screen- (Cranial Nerves)

III. Formal Assessment
Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (PDMS2/3)
Miller Function & Participation Scales (M-FUN)

Question 24

Evaluation of vision observations

Answer 24

Observations within evaluation

Screening of oculomotor skills

Interview of parent or caregiver

Parent questionnaires

Question 25

Evaluation: I. Visual Perceptual Observations

Answer 25

watch for hand eye coordination
visual tracking

Question 26

Evaluation: III. Formal Assessments

Answer 26

Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (PDMS-2/3)

Miller Function and Participation Scales (MFUN)

Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (Bayley IV)

Battelle Developmental Inventory (BDI-3)

Question 27

outcome Vs. goals

Answer 27

Goals are written for Preschool children ages 3-5
-Objectives accompany the goals

Outcomes are written for children birth-3
- Early Intervention

Question 28

what goal formats is used

Answer 28

SMART - Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-Bound

Question 29

SMART goals

Answer 29

specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and relevant, timely

Question 30

Goals are

Answer 30

more broad statments about the general areas to be addressed

Question 31

TJ will improve visual motor skills in order to complete preschool drawing and writing tasks on pace with peers

How would you measure this?
What needs to be added or changed?

Answer 31

add something to compare with like legability.

will copy 3 shapes with 90% accuracy by November

Question 32

Objectives are specific and should contain 3 parts:

Answer 32

Conditions- details regarding how the skills or behavior will be done

Behavior- who and what?

Performance- how the skill or behavior will be measured