Vision Flashcards
If a child at 4 months had very low vision what would be affected developmentally?
reach, grasp, strength in prone skills are probably impacted. discovery of hands
Newborn vision development
Visual regard for surroundings. Disorganized eye movements. Monocular vision (seeing out of one eye) . Black and white and strong patterns work best.
vision development 1-2 months
Monocular fixation. Tracks from periphery to midline. Visually fixates on hand with ATNR.
vision development 3-5 months
Binocular fixation. Eye convergence. Visually crosses midline. Vertical and diagonal visual tracking.
Vision development 6 months
Fully developed visual control. Eye movement independent from head movements.
Visual Impairment
The loss of or deficit in visual function owing to pathology or processing problems in one or more components of the visual system…”
Visual function
20/20 vision
Components of visual system
the brain understanding the vision
What might indicate a vision issues
- bumping into things
- Difficulty eating or feeding. Unable to find the bottle or spoon
Lack of facial expression
Lack of visually attending to caregiver
Low tone – do to lack of tummy time
Alignment of their eyes
What are the main occupations impacted by visual impairments
Sleep and rest
Play
ADLs
Social Participation
what kind of play may a child with visual impairments stay in longest
solitary play
what are the two parts of vision we look at
vision and visual processing
Visual processing disorder the brain is
not making sense of what it sees
when the brain not receiving accurate information from the eyes in the first place what kind of disorder is it?
Vision issue
Signs of a VISION issue: for preschoolers
Sitting close to the TV
Squinting
Tilting their head
Frequently rubbing their eyes
Short attention span for their age
Asymmetry of eyes
Sensitivity to light
Difficulty with eye hand coordination
Avoiding coloring, puzzles etc.
Who do you refer to if you signs of visual problems
behavioral optometrist to undergo a complete eye function examination to rule out a visual problem
Signs that a preschooler has visual processing issues
- Struggles tocopy wordsor drawings accurately
- Qualityof written work ispoordespite
- Avoidspuzzles, mazes etc.
- Does not see the differencebetween similar numbers or letters
- Struggles to learn letters and numbers
Make a card for each of these
Visual Discrimination
Figure Ground Discrimination
Visual Sequencing
Visual Motor Processing
Form Consistency
Visual Closure
Visual Memory
Visual Over or Under responsivity
cortical visual impairment
Usually goes along with a brain injury.
neurological impairment due to damage to the posterior visual system of the brain or visual pathways
What is Cortical vision impairments often seen in conjunction with
Cerebral Palsy, TBI, Hydrocephalus, Anoxia.
Differing levels of CVI functioning
0-3 Phase 1: Most impact on visual function
3-7 Phase 2: Moderate impact on visual function
7-10 Phase 3: Closest to typical visual function
common CVI charactaristic
Color preference
Need for movement
Visual latency
Visual field preferences
Difficulties with visual complexity
Need for light
Difficulty with distance viewing
Atypical visual reflexes
Difficulty with visual novelty
Absence of visually guided reach
How do we evaluate Visual Motor ability in Young Children?
I. Observations- visual tracking, eye/hand coordination, prewriting skills
II. Informal Assessments
Neuro Vision Screen- (Cranial Nerves)
III. Formal Assessment
Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (PDMS2/3)
Miller Function & Participation Scales (M-FUN)
Evaluation of vision observations
Observations within evaluation
Screening of oculomotor skills
Interview of parent or caregiver
Parent questionnaires
Evaluation: I. Visual Perceptual Observations
watch for hand eye coordination
visual tracking
Evaluation: III. Formal Assessments
Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (PDMS-2/3)
Miller Function and Participation Scales (MFUN)
Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (Bayley IV)
Battelle Developmental Inventory (BDI-3)
outcome Vs. goals
Goals are written for Preschool children ages 3-5
-Objectives accompany the goals
Outcomes are written for children birth-3
- Early Intervention
what goal formats is used
SMART - Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-Bound
SMART goals
specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and relevant, timely
Goals are
more broad statments about the general areas to be addressed
TJ will improve visual motor skills in order to complete preschool drawing and writing tasks on pace with peers
How would you measure this?
What needs to be added or changed?
add something to compare with like legability.
will copy 3 shapes with 90% accuracy by November
Objectives are specific and should contain 3 parts:
Conditions- details regarding how the skills or behavior will be done
Behavior- who and what?
Performance- how the skill or behavior will be measured
