Sensory Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

5-16% of kids have

A

sensory processing disorder. This does not include ASD

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2
Q

Sensory integration

A

unconscious process of the brain.

organizes information detected by ones’s senses

gives meaning to what is experienced

allows us to act or respond to the situation we are experiencing in a purposeful manner

forms the foundation for academic learning and social behavior

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3
Q

sensory integration begins when?

A

when the baby is in the womb and can sense the movements of the mom

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4
Q

sensory integration is the

A

organization of sensations for use

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5
Q

adaptive response

A

purposeful, goal directed response to a sensory experience.

master a challenge and learn something new

formation helps the brain to develop and organize itself.

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6
Q

more complex skills can be achieved because of

A

adaptive responses

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7
Q

the act of play consists of a series of

A

adaptive responses

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8
Q

As the child is moving through adaptive responses it helps them find that

A

just right challenge on their own.

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9
Q

As a child is learning to ride a bike sensory experiencing is coming from what?

A

vision, vestibular input to balance, proprioceptive input to hold and pedal bike, tactile input from handlebars and feet on pedals. this gives a variety of adaptive responses needed to

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10
Q

first month of sensory development

A

touch, gravity and movement, proprioception, vision, hearing

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11
Q

for touch, sensations must be integrated for what reason?

A

reflexes to occur in a meaningful way. touch can be a source of important emotional connection

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12
Q

gentle movement tend to

A

organize the brain and sooth

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13
Q

in the first month of babies life vision is vague and movements begin to become more skilled when

A

the vision gets better

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14
Q

in the first month a baby adaptive response of vision is

A

to track object or person

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15
Q

hearing adaptive responses are seen in the first month when

A

the baby calms to a voice or song and responds to noises.

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16
Q

in the 2nd of t3rd month babies senses begin to

A

integrate

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17
Q

in 2nd and 3rd month waht are some adaptive responses

A

gravity and movement
sensation from eye muscles
muscle sensation from neck

brain puts all these sensastions together to know how to hold the head steady.

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18
Q

What integration occurs for grasping to become voluntary?

A

grasp reflex to be integrated by weight bearing on hands and forearms.

ATNR integrates which brings vision to see hand

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19
Q

in 4th-6th months we can expect what kind of adaptive response

A

improved coordination between the part so the brain that see with those parts that feel.

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20
Q

What developmental skills might a baby have at 4-6 months

A

vision is developmentally most advanced sense.

close to independent sitting

rolling

pushing up

prone pivotting

creeping / crawling

All senses need to work together.

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21
Q

between 6-12 months we see more ____________, which requires more _______________ and ___________

A

locomotion, spatial perception and motor planning.

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22
Q

at 6-12 months what locomotion is happenng?

A

crawling and creeping

standing and walking

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23
Q

At 6-12 months, what motor planning is happening

A

movements are planned inside the brain to complete a series of actions in the proper sequence

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24
Q

as my motor movement become more complex what comes next

A

motor planning.

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25
Q

what is communicating like at 6-12 months

A

babbling to words

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26
Q

What were the sensory skills that a child needs to integrate in order to reach

A

intact vestibular system, intact proprioceptive system, vision, tactile

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27
Q

3-7 years the brain is most

A

receptive to sensations and most able to organize them.

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28
Q

in 2nd year children have

A

better localization of touch

variations of movement assist in gaining additional sensory awareness

rough and tumble play - input from body and gravity receptors

establishing self-hood

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29
Q

how many years of moving and playing are required to give a child sensorimotor intelligence that can serve as the foundation for intellectual, social and personal development?

A

7 or 8

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30
Q

What age is the child really testing their sensory motor ability

A

3-7

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31
Q

what age range do we have more refined tool use

A

3-7

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32
Q

sensory integration has _________ base

A

neurological

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33
Q

if adequate sensory experiences are not available at critical periods in development…

A

Neuronal and brain connectivity abnormalities emerge that influence behavior and impact ability to function.

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34
Q

if we look at kids who were born into orphanges and not taken out of cribs or had supportive environments they had

A

different development and behaviors than kids who did

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35
Q

Too much or distressing and painful stimuli can generate

A

stress that is detrimental to brain development

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36
Q

neural plasticity,

A

ability to shape the development of neural circuits, both structurally and functionally because of cellular and molecular neural activity

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37
Q

Interesting and novel environments lead to significant increases in

A

dendritic branching, synaptic connections synaptic efficiency and size of brain tissue

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38
Q

neural plasticity is needed

A

for adaptive responses

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39
Q

sensory integration is based in

A

neural anatomy

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40
Q

more primitive part so the CNS develop before

A

maturation of the higher brain centers

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41
Q

The eight senses

A

vestibular, proprioceptive, tactile, visual, smell, taste, auditory, interception

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42
Q

interception

A
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43
Q

tactile sense

A

largest sensory organ in the body

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44
Q

tactile sensory includes

A

light touch
deep pressure
vibration
temperature
pain

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45
Q

tactile input falls into two categories

A

protective
discriminitive

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46
Q

light touch

A

sensed by the movement of hair and the outer skin

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47
Q

auditory processing refers to

A

how the CNS makes sense of the sounds we hear

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48
Q

Visual processing inclues

A

binocular vision
stereoscopic vision
ocular motor skills
visual attention and memory
visual perceptual skills

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49
Q

components of auditory include

A

volume, frequency, auditory sensitivity, duration, localization, sound discrimination, auditory filtering

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50
Q

Taste and smell are

A

connected

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51
Q

as taste buds and smell receptors develop children may become

A

picky eaters.

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52
Q

smell is a primitive sense to

A

alert us to danger

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53
Q

Proprioception

A

relies on information derived from sensory receptors in joints, muscles, ligaments and connective tissues that tells you where your body parts are without having to see them.

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54
Q

Vestibular system

A

receives information about movement and gravitational changes.

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55
Q

vestibular apparatus

A

otlithic organs

semicircular canals

56
Q

vestibular system works in conjunction with

A

proprioceptive system

57
Q

interoeption

A

internal body sense that detects essential regulation responses for body functions i

58
Q

what is included in interoception

A

heart rate
respiration
blood pressure
hunger
thirst
temperature
bowel and bladder sensations

59
Q

The ability to sense your interoception play and essential role in out

A

state of arousal, feelings, emotions and self-awareness

60
Q

what does a baby get, sensory wise, from playing with a rattle?

A

proprioceptive, visual, audio, taste, tactile

61
Q

Sensory processing disorder (SPD)

A

traffic jam in the brain. all of sensory input is coming in but certain parts of the brain don’t get the information needed to do their job.

62
Q

In order to get a SPD diagnosis is

A

they have to know there isn’t damage to the brain.

63
Q

3 parts of sensory dysfunction

A

modulation, discrimination, sensory based motor

64
Q

Sensory modulation of sensory dysfunction

A

bothered by clothes and materials or tags,

bothered by light touch

excessively ticklish

distressed by others touching you. would rather be the toucher

have to fidget with things

often touching or twisting hair

very sensitive to pain

don’t seem to notice pain (random bruises)

65
Q

sensory modulation

A

tendency to generate responses tht are appropriately graded in relation to incoming sensory input

66
Q

hyper reactivity -

A

nervous system threshold for sensory input is low requires less intense and less frequent stimuli to respond

67
Q

mixed reactivity

A

reaction is strong to some kinds of input and not much to others.

68
Q

hypo reactivity

A

threshold for input is high. requires more intense and more frequent stimuli to respond.

69
Q

sensory problems are highly variable and can change day to day and context to context

A

True

70
Q

Sensory discrimination examples

A

difficult findng things in your purse or pocket

don’t notice if hands or face dirty

bothered by dirty face or hands

loves to touch and be touched

have a hard time feeling touch like a bug on skin

difficulty heating food to the correct temp

difficulty locating items int he cupoboard, drawer closet

difficulty with recognizing/following/interpreting traffic signs

difficulty judging distance

71
Q

sensory discrimination

A

trouble distinguishing the salient features of sensory experiences and may struggle to differentiate between two sources of sensory input.

unable to locate where they were touched, may not notice when clothing is not oriented, leaning on peer in circle time

72
Q

Sensory perception

A

the brain’s process of giving meaning to sensory information

difficulty with the spatial relationships among stimuli

73
Q

sensory based motor disorder

A

Difficulty using sensory feedback loops to guide and control movements and posture in order to meet the physical requirements of a motor task.

decreased balance, low muscle tone, and poor strength and endurance.

Difficulty with motor planning multistep process of deciding what do to, figuring out how to do it and sequencing the steps to execute.

74
Q

kids who have difficulty with motor planning will often be

A

observers. they will be on the sidelines because they don’t know how to sequence their movements.

75
Q

tactile system has what type of challenges

A

modulation and perception

76
Q

tactile defensiveness

A

hyperactivity to ordinary touch

may display emotional response

most comfortable with deep touch.

77
Q

hyporeactivity

A

may not notice when messy

may crave strong flavors when eating

may stuff food in their mouth

increased drooling

78
Q

tactile perception

A

difficulty interpreting the location, intensity, properties or direction of movement of tactile stimuli

stereognosis.

79
Q

propioceptive challenges

A

difficulty interpreting body position and the position and movement of the muscle and joints

80
Q

kids with proprioceptive challenges may rely heavily on

A

visual system

81
Q

kids with proprioceptive challenges may use

A

too much force, may break toys, crayons, etc.

82
Q

kids with proprioceptive challenges may seek out excessive input

A

true

83
Q

what kind of muscle tone will kids with proprioception challenges present with

A

low muscle tone

84
Q

what kind of sensory challenge may lead to a kid being clumsy and awkward

A

proprioception

85
Q

Auditory processing (perception)

A

difficulty discriminating and interpreting sounds, but hearing is not impaired

86
Q

auditory reactivity

A

hypersensitive may detect and be distracted by sounds that others don’t seem to hear.

auditory seeker may seek out loud sounds and speak at high volumes

87
Q

visual sensitivity

A

hypersensitive to light - can feel dizzy, anxious, fatigue, headaches and uncomfortable.

88
Q

Contrast sensitivity

A

difficulty distinguishing between light and dark

89
Q

vestibular issues, gravitational insecuty

A

hyperreactivity to vestibular sensations involving linear movement.

90
Q

vestibular - over responsive to input

A

may get dizzy or nauseated easily

91
Q

vestibular - under responsive

A

to vestibular input

92
Q

smell and taste sensory issues
over sensitive to taste, smell or both

A

will reduce the number of foods the child will eat. Might insist on bland foods and will repeat foods

93
Q

smell and taste sensory issues
under sensitive

A

will crave strongly flavored foods

94
Q

Diagnosis that leads to sensory issues

A

ASD
ADHD
Fragile X
Tourette’s
Schizophrena
CP
Down syndrome
premies
children who need feeding intervention
birth trauma
fetal exposure to drugs and alcohol

95
Q

Occupational develop with sensory issues

A

play
leisure
adls
iadls
rest and sleep
educaiton

96
Q

OT and sensory integration theory

A

Ayres Sensory integration (ASI)

97
Q

what are the hallmarks of ASI

A

individualized OT

child centered treatments “just right challenge”

98
Q

Specific sensory techniques

A

sensory diet

group sessions

99
Q

alert program

A

how does your engine run, too high too low, gettting them to just right state.

100
Q

Social stories

A

make a story about kids needs.

101
Q

occupational based interventions

A

participation in swimming, music lessons, dance, chores, meal prep,

102
Q

coaching

A

working with families and caregivers and reflected on how did it go done a lot in early intervention.

103
Q

When you have a tactile defensive kid what do you have to rule out?

A

motor issues

104
Q

Sensory integration development for 2nd year of life

A
  • balance and dynamic postural control
  • fine motor skills for play and self help skills
  • development of body scheme and motor planning (praxis)
  • development of ideation
  • sense of self as a power agent.
105
Q

Sensory integration between 3 and 5

A

Sensorimotor functions as the foundation for higher intellectual abilities
——-play shifts, they can play with a friend, more imagination

Strong inner drive

106
Q

What is the first step in evaluating sensory processing?

A

Observation and caregiver interview

107
Q

what are some of the things that we would observe or ask the caregiver about

A

sensitivities or under responsiveness to sensory input

self regulation

behavioral observations

108
Q

what is the second part in a sensory processing screen?

A

Informal assessments

SI screen

109
Q

What is the 3rd step in sensory processing in children?

A

Formal Assessment

  • Sensory profile 2
  • sensory processing measure
110
Q

Waht are the things that we would comment on in the sensory processing part of the evaluation template?

A

sensitivities
under responsive
over responsive
self regulation
behavioral observation

111
Q

Who might we interview for the SI interviews

A

Family member, teachers & those with the child throughout the day are valuable sources of sensory information!

112
Q

Initial phase of assessment to ID concerns and determine further examination

A

The caregiver interview. it’s just the beginning

113
Q

Ask leading questions to uncover if possible sensory issue or something else?

A

sensory interview, we want to find the deeper meaning. is it

114
Q

Unstructured Observations:

A

in natural environment if possible- during play, mealtime, circle time etc…base observation off of interview questions.

115
Q

Structured observations

A

How does the child react to novel or unpredictable input?

116
Q

Examples of Commonly Used Clinical Observations:”

A

-Crossing Body Midline
-Equilibrium Reactions
-Muscle Tone
-Prone Extension
-Supine Flexion

117
Q

What are common issues in Sensory Integration that we should be looking out for??

A
  1. Sensory Reactivity (over/under)
  2. Discrimination and Perception
  3. Vestibular-Bilateral
  4. Praxis
  5. Sensory Seeking
118
Q

What are the 3 main sensory processing disorders?

A
  • Sensory Modulation Disorder
  • Sensory Based Movement Disorder
  • Sensory Discrimination Disorder
119
Q

3 sensory modulation disorders

A

sensory over responsiveness
sensory under responsiveness
sensory craving

120
Q

2 sensory based motor disorders

A

Dyspraxia
postural disorder

121
Q

Sensory discrimination disorder

A
122
Q

Discrimination:

A

Brain’s ability to distinguish between different sensory stimuli.

123
Q

Postural Disorder
vestibular problems

A

Motor outcomes of vestibular processing
bilateral motor difficulties can e linked to delays in body midline development.

124
Q

Praxis problems

A

The ability to conceptualize, plan and execute a non-habitual motor act.
Difficulty imitating actions
Difficulty with oral praxis can affect eating skills or speech
Problems with ideation

125
Q

What kind of issue is it when
Kids are very routine in their play because it’s challenging to think of new ways to do that task.

A

praxis problems

126
Q

Sensory Seeking
Sensory Craving

A

seek out intense sensory stimulation

generate additional sensory ijnput to compensate

regulate the arousal level

modulate hyper or hypo-reactivity in other sensory systems

127
Q

Informal Assessment
SI Screen

A

A. Ocular Motor Control & Eye Preference
B. UPPER EXTREMITY CONTROL/MODULATION Of MOVEMENT
C. ANTIGRAVITY POSITIONS/POSTURAL CONTROL/ BALANCE AND EQUILIBRIUM
D. EQUILIBRIUM REACTIONS
E. STANDING BALANCE
F. PROTECTIVE EXTENSION

128
Q

Sensory profile 2

A

Overview:Standardized forms completed by caregivers and teachers to assess children’s sensory processing patterns
Age Range:Birth–14:11 (depending on form)
Other Languages:Spanish
Administration:Paper-and-pencil or online
Completion Time:5–20 minutes
Forms:
Infant Sensory Profile 2:Birth–6 months Toddler Sensory Profile 2:7–35 months Child Sensory Profile 2:3–14 years School Companion Sensory Profile 2:3–14 years (Teacher form) Short Sensory Profile 2:3–14 years (screen)

129
Q

dunn’s model
Neurological Thresholds

A
  • The way the nervous system responds to sensory input.
  • Need balance between low and high so that we notice just enough things to keep aware and attentive
  • At the extreme ends of the neurological threshold are
  • At the other end are self regulations strategies
130
Q

A child is unable to tolerate a change in their head position and movement backward or upward through space. What type of sensory modulation dysfunction is this child presenting?

A

Gravitational insecurity

131
Q

In sensory integration practice what is a successful response to an environmental challenge?

A

adaptive response

132
Q

What is a sensory modulation condition in which the individual fails to notice or is relatively unaffected by sensory stimuli to which most people respond.

A

underresponsive

133
Q

What is the tendency to generate responses that are appropriately graded in relation to incoming sensations, neither underreacting nor overreacting to them?

A

Sensory modulation

134
Q

Dunn model of sensory - 4 patterns

A

(1) sensation seeking (high threshold and active self-regulation strategy)
(2) sensory avoiding (low thresholds and active self-regulation strategy)
(3) sensory sensitivity (low threshold and passive self-regulation strategy)
(4) low registration (high threshold and passive self-regulation strategy).

135
Q

Vision perception difficulties

A

difficulty interpreting features of visual stimuli despite adequate visual acuity

136
Q
A