Theory Flashcards
most theories and frames of reference comes from
piaget
piaget emphasized
that development occurs through the interaction between the environment and the child’s innate abilities.
piaget identified four levels of cognitive function
sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational, formal operational
what are some limitations on piaget
lacked appreciation for the influence of culture, society and technology on development
Why is it essential for OT’s to be aware of cognitive development
what is the overview of the development of occupations
how does the whole picture of
Motor and Praxis
Sensory-Perceptual
Emotion Regulation
Cognitive
Communication
Social Skills
What is the ICF
international classification of functioning, disability and health
Classification system for health and health-related domains
Depicts the dynamic interaction between a person and his or her environment at all levels of function
Extension of the ICF, the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Children and Youth
ICF is used a lot for
motor interventions
ICF asks you to choose a
top down approach or bottom up approach.
top down is a ________ lens
broader
bottom up approach is more a __________ lens
macro
top down approach
Therapist considers multiple aspects of child’s performance
-Environment plays important role
-Look at routines, activity patterns, contextual supports and opportunities for participation.
bottom up approach
Focus is on underlying performance or performance impairments
-Intervention focuses
(increasing strength, reducing anxiety etc)
-By gaining new skills, child’s performance may generalize to a range of activities
which approach deals with environmental factors and personal factors firsts
top down.
which approach deals with physical body structures first
bottom up
baby walking down a hall in a gait trainer to greet dad. is this towp down or bottom up
top down
video of baby on exercise ball working on muscle strength and foundational skills to roll. is this bottom up or top down?
bottom up
Theory
a plausible or scientifically acceptable general principle offered to explain a phenomena
Model
a pictorial representation that expresses observations and data about certain portions of a theory.
provides terminology, principles, assessment and intervention methods an overarching framework.
model used a lot in early intervention
coaching mode.
in a coaching model
The coach supports the learner and the child achieve outcomes through a process of:
Initiation
Observation
Action
Reflection
Evaluation
Continuation
Resolution
coaching has been shown to improve ________ - _________ in parents
self-efficacy.
elements of MOHO
Volition
Habituation
Performance capacity
Environment
Where is emphases placed in the CMOPE
Emphasis placed on enablement, social justice, and environment to promote occupational engagement.
what are the elements of PEOP
Occupational performance is the result of the dynamic, transactive relationship of the person, environment and occupation.
Narrative
Person Factors
Environment Factors
Occupation
Performance
what are the elements of occupational adaptation
States that people participate in desired occupations because of a press for mastery.
OA refers to the child’s ability to participate in a desired occupation and change their performance based on the required demands.
Relative mastery includes:
Effectiveness participation
Efficiency
Satisfaction
Emily is a 4-year-old girl who recently started preschool. Her parent is concerned about Emily’s ability to participate in classroom activities due to her social anxiety, preference for solitary play, and difficulties with fine motor skills, such as holding a crayon. The therapist assess Emily’s personal characteristics—mild developmental delays in motor coordination, s and anxiety—alongside her occupation of engaging in preschool activities (self-care, education, and play) and the surrounding physical and social environment that influences her ability to perform and engage. Through this model, the focus will be on promoting Emily’s participation by addressing her individual challenges and modifying her environment to support her developmental needs.
Waht model is this
PEOP
Developmental Frame of Reference
“ Promotes Practice of skills in a developmental sequence and at the level just above where the child is functioning” (O’Brien & Kuhaneck, 2020, pg. 33)
Focused on the physical, social and psychological aspects of life.
Role of OT is to facilitate development, assist in the mastery of occupations and enable children to cope with life expectations.
Goals are developed based on what comes next in typical development
when creating goals what FOR are you using
developmental frame of reference
Bio-mechanical FOR
Bottom up approach because you are looking at PROM, AROM, Strength, endurance. Good as prep activities for interventions.
Neuro-developmental FOR
Goal is to improve over-all function in daily tasks by increased active use of the trunk and involved extremities
NDT principles :
Postural alignment
Improve foundational postural stability
Weight shift and equilibrium responses
Improved control of isolated and dissociated extremity movements
Enhanced mobility and dynamic stability within and between body positions
Therapeutic handling
Behavioral FOR
Instrumental or Operant Learning
The use of reinforcement to modify behavior
Focus is on human learning through repetition of specific behaviors with appropriate reinforcement.
Task analysis is an important component.
Goals will be focused on skill development or improved behavior in varied settings.
Task analysis is an important component of
Behavioral FOR
Cognitive FOR
Emphasize assisting the child to identify, develop, and use cognitive strategies.
Based on Bandura’s work on self-efficacy and motivation.
OT will question child to:
Discover relevant aspects of the task
Example how they are currently performing the task
Identify where they are getting “stuck”
Think about alternative solutions
Try out solutions and evaluate them
What age is Cognitive FOR used?
preschool age.
Cognitive behavioral FOR combines
cog and behavioral FOR into one
Cognitive Behavioral
Combination of Behavioral and Cognitive FOR
Encourage child to identify negative self-talk that interfere with achievement and mastery and lead to low self-efficacy.
Sessions include:
Engaging in activities that are the “just right challenge”
Allow child to problem-solve and succeed in task.
Use role play, task analysis, self-reflection, exploration, problem solving and participation in occupations
