Chapter 29 - CP Flashcards
Cerebral palsy is an
umbrella term for a group of permanent disorders of the development of movement and posture that create activity limitations, attributed to non-progressive disturbances in the developing fetal or immature infant brain
The motor disorders of cerebral palsy are often accompanied by disturbances
of sensation, perception, cognition, communication, and behavior, caused by epilepsy and by secondary musculoskeletal problems
Associated damage to one of more areas of the brain may lead to paralysis, spasticity, or abnormal control of movement or posture. Although the injury to the brain is considered static, the pattern of motor impairment
changes over time, often affecting development in all daily occupations of childhood
The lesion or damage in the brain may cause impairment in muscle activity in
all or part of the body
Cerebral palsy typically affects the development of _______, ________, and __________ areas of the central nervous system
sensory, perceptual, and motor
The muscles, in CP, are activated in
uncoordinated and inefficient ways and are unable to work together to create smooth, effective motion
The nervous system damage that causes CP can occur before or during birth or before a child’s second year, What is this timeframe marked by?
the time when myelination of the child’s sensory and motor tracts and central nervous system (CNS) structures occurs rapidly.
Children who have CP may develop _________________________________as they try to overcome these motor deficits to function within their environments.
abnormal movement compensations and body postures
Over time, movement compensations and atypical motor patterns create
barriers to ongoing motor skill development.
children who have CP may rely _______________________ on as their primary means of mobility
primitive and automatic reflex movement patterns
Muscle tone is the
force with which a muscle resists being lengthened; it can also be defined as the muscle’s resting stiffness.
A child’s ability to perform sequential movements is supported by _________ & ___________ during the movements.
muscle tension (stiffness) and elasticity
Decreased muscle tone, or ___________, can make a child appear relaxed and even “floppy.”
hypotonia
___________, can make a child appear stiff or rigid
hypertonia
an infant may initially appear hypotonic, at what age may it switch to hyertonia?
6-7 months
What are the 4 types of CP
- spastic
- dyskentic
- ataxic
- mixed
Children with spastic CP demonstrate
hypertonia and muscle spasticity
Spasticity is defined as a
velocity-dependent resistance to stretch
As a child with spastic CP attempts to move, muscle tone increases and then rapidly releases, triggering a ____ ______ ______ in the muscle
hyperactive stretch reflex
Spasticity can vary according to the child’s
state of alertness, emotions, activity, posture, or presence of pain.
A child with dyskinesia exhibits
excessive and abnormal movement, and often when initiating movement in one extremity, atypical and unintentional movements in other extremities result.
The child with athetosis exhibits
slow, writhing, involuntary motor movements in combination with abrupt, irregular, and jerky movements.
Children with choreoathetosis have
constant fluctuations from low to high with jerky involuntary movement that may be seen more proximal to distal.
The term strabismus refers to the eyes not being
aligned because of muscle imbalance.
Nystagmus refers to the eyes
constantly moving in a repetitive and uncontrolled way.
Dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
