Visceral Flashcards
Thoracic cavity compartments
3
R and L pulmonary cavities
Mediastinum
Pulmonary cavities lined by
PLEURA - type of connective tissue
2 layers of PLEURA
Parietal = outer - Perimeter of the cavity
Visceral = inner- Lines the organs itself
Pleural cavity
potential space between the two layers (visceral and parietal)
Contains small amount of fluid that lubricates the surfaces
lungs - what are they
Vital organs of respiration
Purpose = oxygenate blood
apperence of lungs in normal person
In a live person, are light, spongy, and soft
with patho/smoking sponginess is gone
lungs apex
superior end
lung base
inferior end
lobes on the lungs
2 = left, where the heart sits
3 = right
Lingula
the tip or tongue-like projection of the upper lobe of the left lung
R lung lobes
Superior lobe
Middle lobe
Inferior lobe
L lung lobes
Superior lobe - Lingula
Inferior lobe
what are Bronchopulmonary segments?
Subdivisions of each lobe
Pyramidal
Separated from each other by connective tissue
Bronchopulmonary segments vessels
Each has its own segmental bronchus and branch of pulmonary artery - Own air and blood
Surgically resectable- Because of own air and blood, we can just take out one segment
Bronchioles
the main airways (bronchi) branch off into smaller and smaller passageways — the smallest, called bronchioles, lead to tiny air sacs (alveoli).
Alveoli role
structural unit of gas exchange
Roots of lungs
where the lungs attach to the mediastinum
mediastinum
an important region of the body located between the lungs
Lots of fat and loose connective tissue
Contains all the thoracic viscera EXCEPT the lungs
Hilum what is it
“doorway” where major structures enter/exit the lung
what is found in the hilum
Bronchi
Pulmonary arteries and veins
Pulmonary nerve plexuses
Lymph vessels
arties in the lungs carry what kind of blood
deoxygenated blood
veins in the lungs carry what kind blood
oxygenated blood
Vascular supply of the lungs
1 pulmonary artery (deoxygenated blood) + 2 pulmonary veins (oxygenated blood)
Nerve supply of the lungs
pulmonary plexuses
Just know that these exist
mediastinum
an important region of the body located between the lungs
Contains all the thoracic viscera EXCEPT the lungs
Lots of fat and loose connective tissue
hilum
“doorway” where major structures enter/exit the lung
mediastinum location
Shifted to the left – that is why heart is on the left
2/3 left
1/3 right
Middle mediastinum contains
pericardium, heart, and great vessels
Pericardium
membrane around the heart
Pericardium layers
Outer fibrous layer
Inner serous layer
heart - R half serves what
pulmonary circuit
heart - L half serves what
systemic circuit
L half and right half pf the heart pressure
right half - lower pressure (only going to the lungs)
left half - higher pressure (going to the whole body)
L half and right half of the heart pressure
right half - lower pressure (only going to the lungs)
left half - higher pressure (going to the whole body)
R and L of the heart separated by what
a cardiac septum
HEART 4 chnambers
R atrium
L atrium
R ventricle
L ventricle
Atria are what kind of chmabers
receiving chambers
they are receiving blood
Ventricles
suction/compression/expulsion
chambers
Valves
Atrioventricular valves
Pulmonic and aortic valves
Atrioventricular valves
separate atria from ventricles
Pulmonic and aortic valves
prevent backflow
Layers of the heart wall
Endocardium = inner layer
Myocardium = middle MUSCULAR layer
Epicardium = outer serous layer
heart intrinsic nerve conduction
intrinsic nerve conduction system that coordinates contraction
SA and AV nodes
Echocardiogram
echo, used ultrasound to look at blood flow to the heart, and valves
Angina
pain coming from the heart
see cardio in confused
Electrocardiogram
records the electrical signal from the heart to check for different heart conditions
Superior mediastinum contents
Thymus (lymph gland)
Great vessels
Trachea – travels through the middle
Esophagus – travels through sup med and pierce
Thoracic duct and lymphatic trunks
Thoracic duct
largest lymph vessel in the body
right upper quadrent
Right lobe of the liver
Gallbladder
Pylorus of stomach
Duodenum part 1-3
Head of pancreas
Right kidney with right suprarenal gland
Right colic flexure
Superior part of ascending colon
Right half of transverse colon.
Pylorus of stomach
The part of the stomach that connects to the duodenum
suprarenal gland
small, triangular-shaped glands located on top of both kidneys
colic flexure
“flexure” is a place where the colon bends. Your colon has two flexures: one on the right side and one on the left
left upper quadrent
The left lobe of the liver
The spleen
The stomach
The jejunum - si
The proximal ileum - si
The body and the tail of the pancreas
The left kidney and the left suprarenal gland
The left half of the transverse colon
The splenic flexure of the colon
The superior part of the descending colon
left lower quadrant (LLQ) contains:
the distal descending colon
the sigmoid colon
the left ureter
left ovary
left uterine tube
left supermastic cord
uteris
urnary bladder
Right lower quadrant
The majority of the ileum
The cecum and vermiform appendix
The proximal ascending colon
The proximal right ureter
CBT
Peritoneum
same thing as PLEURA
serous membrane lining the abdominal and pelvic cavities, 2 layers
2 layers of the peritoneum
Parietal peritoneum lines the walls of the cavities
Visceral peritoneum lines the organs within the cavities
Peritoneal cavity
potential space between the two layers of peritoneum
No organs, but contains peritoneal fluid that lubricates the surfaces
Abdominal viscera
Esophagus
Stomach
Intestines
Spleen
Pancreas
Liver
Gallbladder
Kidneys
Adrenal glands
Gi tract runs from
mouth to anus
Mouth GI function
eat and chew
Esophagus
carries food from pharynx to stomach
Stomach
adds enzymes to begin digesting; accumulates ingested food
Small intestine
absorbs food’s nutrients into the body
Large intestine
reabsorbs water, forms feces
Rectum, anus
store and expel feces
Hiatus means what
hole
Hiatal hernia
When the stomach starts to protrude through the diaphragm through the hole the esophagus comes through
Ulcers
secretion of gastric acid is too high
Visceral referred pain
pain related to the internal organs in the midline of the body
- pain is vauge
Appendicitis
appendix is inflamed
Spleen location
L upper quarter of abdomen, protected by ribs
Roles in immunity of the spleen
Produces white blood cells
Stores red blood cells
Stores platelets
Pancreas location
Posterior to the stomach
Pancreas function
Produces insulin and glucagon
Regulate blood sugar
Liver facts
Largest gland in the body
2.5% of body weight
Liver function
Secretes bile - Emulsified fat
Receives nutrients from digestive system
“Detox”
Bile duct
carries bile from liver to duodenum (of small intestine)
Gallbladder
stores bile
Just support to hold the bile
Urinary organs location
Primarily retroperitoneal
Post to the peritoneal cavity
Kidneys function
Produce urine
Removes excess water, salts, and wastes from the blood
Kidneys location
Located T12-L3 on both sides - know this
Renal calculi
kidney stones
Can get stuck anywhere – depending where they are changes the location of the pain
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
need to know this
Aneurysm (expansion) of the abdominal aorta
Just proximal to common iliac
Serve lower back or abdominal pain
D. palpating for the abdominal aorta to feel for a pulse, thumping or whooshing (concern) the paired with serve back pain
