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Anatomy LE > Visceral > Flashcards

Visceral Flashcards

1
Q

Thoracic cavity compartments

A

3

R and L pulmonary cavities
Mediastinum

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2
Q

Pulmonary cavities lined by

A

PLEURA - type of connective tissue

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3
Q

2 layers of PLEURA

A

Parietal = outer - Perimeter of the cavity

Visceral = inner- Lines the organs itself

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4
Q

Pleural cavity

A

potential space between the two layers (visceral and parietal)

Contains small amount of fluid that lubricates the surfaces

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5
Q

lungs - what are they

A

Vital organs of respiration

Purpose = oxygenate blood

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6
Q

apperence ​of lungs in normal person

A

In a live person, are light, spongy, and soft

with patho/smoking sponginess​ is gone

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7
Q

lungs apex

A

superior end

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8
Q

lung base

A

inferior end

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9
Q

lobes on the lungs

A

2 = left, where the heart sits
3 = right

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10
Q

Lingula

A

the tip or tongue-like projection of the upper lobe of the left lung

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11
Q

R lung lobes

A

Superior lobe
Middle lobe
Inferior lobe

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12
Q

L lung lobes

A

Superior lobe - Lingula
Inferior lobe

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13
Q

what are Bronchopulmonary segments?​

A

Subdivisions of each lobe
Pyramidal
Separated from each other by connective tissue

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14
Q

Bronchopulmonary segments vessels

A

Each has its own segmental bronchus and branch of pulmonary artery - Own air and blood

Surgically resectable- Because of own air and blood, we can just take out one segment

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15
Q

Bronchioles

A

the main airways (bronchi) branch off into smaller and smaller passageways — the smallest, called bronchioles, lead to tiny air sacs (alveoli).

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16
Q

Alveoli role

A

structural unit of gas exchange

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17
Q

Roots of lungs

A

where the lungs attach to the mediastinum

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18
Q

mediastinum

A

an important region of the body located between the lungs

Lots of fat and loose connective tissue
Contains all the thoracic viscera EXCEPT the lungs

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19
Q

Hilum what is it

A

“doorway” where major structures enter/exit the lung

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20
Q

what is found in the hilum

A

Bronchi
Pulmonary arteries and veins
Pulmonary nerve plexuses
Lymph vessels

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21
Q

arties in the lungs carry what kind of blood

A

deoxygenated blood

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22
Q

veins in the lungs carry what kind blood

A

oxygenated blood

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23
Q

Vascular supply of the lungs

A

1 pulmonary artery (deoxygenated blood) + 2 pulmonary veins (oxygenated blood)

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24
Q

Nerve supply of the lungs

A

pulmonary plexuses
Just know that these exist

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25
Q

mediastinum

A

an important region of the body located between the lungs

Contains all the thoracic viscera EXCEPT the lungs
Lots of fat and loose connective tissue

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26
Q

hilum

A

“doorway” where major structures enter/exit the lung

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27
Q

mediastinum location

A

Shifted to the left – that is why heart is on the left
2/3 left
1/3 right

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28
Q

Middle mediastinum contains

A

pericardium, heart, and great vessels

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29
Q

Pericardium

A

membrane around the heart

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30
Q

Pericardium layers

A

Outer fibrous layer

Inner serous layer

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31
Q

heart - R half serves what

A

pulmonary circuit

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32
Q

heart - L half serves what

A

systemic circuit

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33
Q

L half and right half pf the heart pressure

A

right half - lower pressure (only going to the lungs)
left half - higher pressure (going to the whole body)

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34
Q

L half and right half of the heart pressure

A

right half - lower pressure (only going to the lungs)
left half - higher pressure (going to the whole body)

35
Q

R and L of the heart separated by what

A

a cardiac septum

36
Q

HEART 4 chnambers

A

R atrium
L atrium
R ventricle
L ventricle

37
Q

Atria are what kind of chmabers

A

receiving chambers
they are receiving blood

38
Q

Ventricles

A

suction/compression/expulsion
chambers

39
Q

Valves

A

Atrioventricular valves
Pulmonic and aortic valves

40
Q

Atrioventricular valves

A

separate atria from ventricles

41
Q

Pulmonic and aortic valves

A

prevent backflow

42
Q

Layers of the heart wall

A

Endocardium = inner layer
Myocardium = middle MUSCULAR layer
Epicardium = outer serous layer

43
Q

heart intrinsic​ nerve conduction

A

intrinsic nerve conduction system that coordinates contraction
SA and AV nodes

44
Q

Echocardiogram

A

echo, used ultrasound to look at blood flow to the heart, and valves

45
Q

Angina

A

pain coming from the heart

see cardio in confused

46
Q

Electrocardiogram

A

records the electrical signal from the heart to check for different heart conditions

47
Q

Superior mediastinum contents

A

Thymus (lymph gland)
Great vessels
Trachea – travels through the middle
Esophagus – travels through sup med and pierce
Thoracic duct and lymphatic trunks

48
Q

Thoracic duct

A

largest lymph vessel in the body

49
Q

right upper quadrent

A

Right lobe of the liver
Gallbladder
Pylorus of stomach
Duodenum part 1-3
Head of pancreas
Right kidney with right suprarenal gland
Right colic flexure
Superior part of ascending colon
Right half of transverse colon.

50
Q

Pylorus of stomach

A

The part of the stomach that connects to the duodenum

51
Q

suprarenal gland

A

small, triangular-shaped glands located on top of both kidneys

52
Q

colic flexure

A

“flexure” is a place where the colon bends. Your colon has two flexures: one on the right side and one on the left

53
Q

left upper quadrent

A

The left lobe of the liver
The spleen
The stomach
The jejunum - si
The proximal ileum - si
The body and the tail of the pancreas
The left kidney and the left suprarenal gland
The left half of the transverse colon
The splenic flexure of the colon
The superior part of the descending colon

54
Q

left lower quadrant (LLQ) contains:

A

the distal descending colon
the sigmoid colon
the left ureter
left ovary
left uterine tube
left supermastic cord
uteris
urnary bladder

55
Q

Right lower quadrant

A

The majority of the ileum
The cecum and vermiform appendix
The proximal ascending colon
The proximal right ureter
CBT

56
Q

Peritoneum

A

same thing as PLEURA

serous membrane lining the abdominal and pelvic cavities, 2 layers

57
Q

2 layers of the peritoneum

A

Parietal peritoneum lines the walls of the cavities
Visceral peritoneum lines the organs within the cavities

58
Q

Peritoneal cavity

A

potential space between the two layers of peritoneum

No organs, but contains peritoneal fluid that lubricates the surfaces

59
Q

Abdominal viscera

A

Esophagus
Stomach
Intestines
Spleen
Pancreas
Liver
Gallbladder
Kidneys
Adrenal glands

60
Q

Gi tract runs from

A

mouth to anus

61
Q

Mouth GI function

A

eat and chew

62
Q

Esophagus

A

carries food from pharynx to stomach

63
Q

Stomach

A

adds enzymes to begin digesting; accumulates ingested food

64
Q

Small intestine

A

absorbs food’s nutrients into the body

65
Q

Large intestine

A

reabsorbs water, forms feces

66
Q

Rectum, anus

A

store and expel feces

67
Q

Hiatus means what

A

hole

68
Q

Hiatal hernia

A

When the stomach starts to protrude through the diaphragm through the hole the esophagus comes through

69
Q

Ulcers

A

secretion of gastric acid is too high

70
Q

Visceral referred pain

A

pain related to the internal organs in the midline of the body

  • pain is vauge
71
Q

Appendicitis

A

appendix is inflamed

72
Q

Spleen location

A

L upper quarter of abdomen, protected by ribs

73
Q

Roles in immunity of the spleen

A

Produces white blood cells
Stores red blood cells
Stores platelets

74
Q

Pancreas location

A

Posterior to the stomach

75
Q

Pancreas function

A

Produces insulin and glucagon
Regulate blood sugar

76
Q

Liver facts

A

Largest gland in the body
2.5% of body weight

77
Q

Liver function

A

Secretes bile - Emulsified fat
Receives nutrients from digestive system
“Detox”

78
Q

Bile duct

A

carries bile from liver to duodenum (of small intestine)

79
Q

Gallbladder

A

stores bile
Just support to hold the bile

80
Q

Urinary organs location

A

Primarily retroperitoneal
Post to the peritoneal cavity

81
Q

Kidneys function

A

Produce urine

Removes excess water, salts, and wastes from the blood

82
Q

Kidneys location

A

Located T12-L3 on both sides - know this

83
Q

Renal calculi

A

kidney stones

Can get stuck anywhere – depending where they are changes the location of the pain

84
Q

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

A

need to know this

Aneurysm (expansion) of the abdominal aorta

Just proximal to common iliac

Serve lower back or abdominal pain

D. palpating for the abdominal aorta to feel for a pulse, thumping or whooshing (concern) the paired with serve back pain

Anatomy LE (13 decks)

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