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Anatomy LE > Joints > Flashcards

Joints Flashcards

1
Q

component of the joints

A

bone, cartilage, ligament, tendon, fascia

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2
Q

what is the function joints

A

Provides stability
Permits motion

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3
Q

what is a joint

A

The part of the body where two or more bones meet to allow movement

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4
Q

Synarthroses are what type of joint

A

more stable of joints

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5
Q

Synarthroses two types

A

Fibrous Joints
Cartilaginous Joints

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6
Q

Fibrous Joints types

A

sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses

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7
Q

Cartilaginous Joints types

A

symphyses, synchondroses

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8
Q

Diarthroses are what type of joint

A

freely moveable joints, normally call synovial

Most joints in the body

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9
Q

Diarthroses types

A

Synovial Joints

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10
Q

Sutures

A

Synarthroses - fibrous joint

Limited to skull

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11
Q

skull bone separation during growth

A

bones are separated by zone of CT - sutural ligament

originally connect by connective tissue

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12
Q

what does the skull look like when growth is complete

A

osteogenic cells create rigid synostosis (2nd or 3rd decade of life)

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13
Q

Syndesmoses

A

Ligament between the bones - an immovable joint in which bones are joined by connective tissue

Synarthroses - fibrous

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14
Q

Syndesmoses joint degree of movement

A

Allows small degree of movement

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15
Q

example of Syndesmoses

A

Distal tibiofibular jt

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16
Q

where is Syndesmoses normally found

A

in the limbs

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17
Q

Symphyses type of joint

A

Synarthroses
Cartilaginous Joints

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18
Q

Symphyses motion

A

Ltd motion allowed by deformation of connecting fibrocartilaginous disc

Amount of motion depends on thickness of disc - thicker less movment

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19
Q

Examples of Symphyses

A

IV jt, pubic symphysis, manubriosternal jt

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20
Q

Synchondroses type of joint

A

Synarthroses. Cartilaginous Joints

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21
Q

what is Synchondroses

A

Temporary cartilaginous (hyaline) joints between diaphysis and epiphysis

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22
Q

Synchondroses seen in what pop

A

Only in kids not in adults, the ​line separating the p-line

Goes away when the growth plate Fuses

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23
Q

Fibrous Capsule role

A

Forms link between bones

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24
Q

Fibrous Capsule is continuous with

A

adjacent periosteum

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25
Q

what is the Fibrous Capsule mad up of

A

Interlacing bundles of collagen

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26
Q

what are Capsular ligaments

A

Thickenings where fiber bundles run parallel to each other

present within the capsules of the joints

serve to enhance the strength of the articular capsule.

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27
Q

Joint capsule two parts

A

Outer fibrous (capsule) layer or membrane

Inner synovial layer or membrane.

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28
Q

Subchondral Bone Plate location

A

Lies beneath articular cartilage

Consists of layer of underlying trabecular bone

order:
articular cartilage
subchondral bone
trabecular bone

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29
Q

Subchondral Bone Plate activity

A

Metabolically active with abundant blood supply

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30
Q

where the periosteum

A
  • Periosteum everywhere expect articulation
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31
Q

Synovial Membrane composed of

A

Loose vascular CT

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32
Q

where is the Synovial Membrane

A

Lines on the non-articular parts of synovial joints

Adherent to capsule and non-articular bone

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33
Q

purposes of Synovial Membrane

A

Secretes and absorbs synovial fluid

Synovial fluid has nutrition for tissues in the joint

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34
Q

Bare areas

A

Where synovial membrane is in direct contact with intra-articular bone not covered w/hyaline cartilage

35
Q

what is the problem with bare areas

A

Predisposed for bone erosion from synovial disease

36
Q

do all joints have fat pads

A
  • Some not all joints have fat pads
37
Q

Fat pads

A

Accumulations of adipose tissue closely associated with synovial membranes forming flexible cushions and filling in joint spaces

38
Q

location of fat pads normally

A

Normally under the tendon so muscle can move w/o being uncomfortable

39
Q

Synovial Fluid function

A

Functions to provide liquid environment with narrow pH range for joint surfaces

Nutritive source for articular cartilage, discs and menisci

Lubricant to increase joint efficiency and reduce surface erosion

overall: Provides lubrication and nutrition

40
Q

Articular Discs or Menisci

A

Fibrocartilage structures intervening between articulating structures where congruity is low

41
Q

Articular Discs or Menisci example

A

EX: the knee joint, improve connection between bony surfaces

42
Q

Articular Discs/Menisci function

A

Assist in shock absorption

Improve fit between joint surfaces

Distribute weight over larger surface

Protect edges of articular surfaces

Limit translational movements

Facilitate rolling movements

43
Q

Labrum made out of what

A

Fibrocartilaginous

44
Q

Labrum local

A

Forms annular lip

Attached at margins of articular surfaces in some synovial jts (glenoid, acetabular)

45
Q

what is the labrum

A

rim of soft tissue or fibrous cartilage that surrounds the socket of a ball and socket joint to make it more stable

Deepens sockets and increases area of contact between articular surfaces

46
Q

is the labrum compressed

A

no

47
Q

how do classify joints

A

Based on shapes of articular surfaces and on degrees of freedom of movement (uniaxial, biaxial, multiaxial)

48
Q

Plane Joints

A

Apposition of fairly flat articular surfaces

49
Q

Plane Joints movement

A

translatory motion

Translatory-gliding/Sliding

not a lot of movement seen

50
Q

plane joints DF

A

1

Uni-axial: gliding (sliding can only occur in on direction)

51
Q

example of plane joints

A

Acromioclavicular jt

Proximal tib-fib jt

Intermetatarsal jts

Some intercarpal jts

52
Q

Hinge Joints DF

A

1

Uniaxial - primarily mvmt in one plane

53
Q

hinge joint ligaments

A

Ligaments on both sides restricting movement

54
Q

hinge joint examples

A

Elbow (humeroulnar) jt

Interphalangeal jts

55
Q

Bicondylar Joints DF

A

biaxial

56
Q

Bicondylar Joints movement

A

Primarily mvmt in 1 plane

Limited rotation about a 2nd axis set at 90 degrees to the first axis

57
Q

Bicondylar Joints make up

A

2 convex condyles articulate with 2 concave surfaces

58
Q

Examples of Bicondylar Joints

A

Knee jt

Temporomandibular jts

59
Q

Saddle Joints other name

A

Sellar

60
Q

Saddle Joints DF

A

Biaxial

61
Q

Saddle Joints movement

A

Amount of motion in each plane is similar - biaxial

Primary mvmts occur in 2 planes set at right angles to each other

62
Q

Saddle Joints made up of

A

Saddle Joints

allows similar amount of motion in both planes

63
Q

combination of movements in saddle joints

A

Combination = circumduction

64
Q

saddle joint examples

A

1st carpometacarpal jt
Talocrural jt

65
Q

Condyloid Joints another name

A

Ellipsoid

66
Q

Condyloid Joints DF

A

Biaxial

Mvmt about two axes set at right angles to each other

67
Q

Condyloid Joints make up

A

Oval convex male surface & elliptical female concavity

68
Q

examples of Condyloid Joints

A

Radiocarpal jt
Metacarpophalangeal jts

69
Q

Condyloid Joints joint movement

A

Combined mvmt is circumduction

70
Q

Ball & Socket Joints another name

A

Spheroidal

71
Q

ball and socket DF

A

Multiaxial - 3 degrees of freedom

Flexion/extension
Adduction/abduction
Rotation

72
Q

Ball & Socket Joints components

A

Convex globular head articulates with cup-like concavity

73
Q

Ball & Socket Joints examples

A

Shoulder jt
Hip jt

74
Q

Pivot Joints anther name

A

Trochoid

75
Q

Pivot Joints DF

A

Uniaxial

76
Q

Pivot Joints compents

A

Central bony pivot surrounded by osteo-ligamentous ring

77
Q

rotation in the pivot joint

A

Rotation about a longitudinal axis

78
Q

Examples of Pivot Joints

A

Proximal radioulnar jt
Atlantoaxial jt

79
Q

what is Osteoarthritis

A

Degenerative Joint Disease

the cartilage within a joint begins to break down and the underlying bone begins to change.

80
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Asymmetrical distribution
Loss of single compartment joint space
Osteophytes
Subchondral sclerosis
Subchondral cysts
Intra-articular loose bodies
Articular deformity

81
Q

Osteophytes

A

bony lumps (bone spurs) that grow on the bones of the spine or around the joints.

82
Q

inflammatory joint disease - types

A

rheumatoid and autoimmune disease

83
Q

inflammatory joint disease characteristics

A

bilateral
soft tissue swelling - edema
bone erosion
juxta- articular OP
seen in younger populations

Anatomy LE (13 decks)

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