Joints Flashcards
component of the joints
bone, cartilage, ligament, tendon, fascia
what is the function joints
Provides stability
Permits motion
what is a joint
The part of the body where two or more bones meet to allow movement
Synarthroses are what type of joint
more stable of joints
Synarthroses two types
Fibrous Joints
Cartilaginous Joints
Fibrous Joints types
sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses
Cartilaginous Joints types
symphyses, synchondroses
Diarthroses are what type of joint
freely moveable joints, normally call synovial
Most joints in the body
Diarthroses types
Synovial Joints
Sutures
Synarthroses - fibrous joint
Limited to skull
skull bone separation during growth
bones are separated by zone of CT - sutural ligament
originally connect by connective tissue
what does the skull look like when growth is complete
osteogenic cells create rigid synostosis (2nd or 3rd decade of life)
Syndesmoses
Ligament between the bones - an immovable joint in which bones are joined by connective tissue
Synarthroses - fibrous
Syndesmoses joint degree of movement
Allows small degree of movement
example of Syndesmoses
Distal tibiofibular jt
where is Syndesmoses normally found
in the limbs
Symphyses type of joint
Synarthroses
Cartilaginous Joints
Symphyses motion
Ltd motion allowed by deformation of connecting fibrocartilaginous disc
Amount of motion depends on thickness of disc - thicker less movment
Examples of Symphyses
IV jt, pubic symphysis, manubriosternal jt
Synchondroses type of joint
Synarthroses. Cartilaginous Joints
what is Synchondroses
Temporary cartilaginous (hyaline) joints between diaphysis and epiphysis
Synchondroses seen in what pop
Only in kids not in adults, the line separating the p-line
Goes away when the growth plate Fuses
Fibrous Capsule role
Forms link between bones
Fibrous Capsule is continuous with
adjacent periosteum
what is the Fibrous Capsule mad up of
Interlacing bundles of collagen
what are Capsular ligaments
Thickenings where fiber bundles run parallel to each other
present within the capsules of the joints
serve to enhance the strength of the articular capsule.
Joint capsule two parts
Outer fibrous (capsule) layer or membrane
Inner synovial layer or membrane.
Subchondral Bone Plate location
Lies beneath articular cartilage
Consists of layer of underlying trabecular bone
order:
articular cartilage
subchondral bone
trabecular bone
Subchondral Bone Plate activity
Metabolically active with abundant blood supply
where the periosteum
- Periosteum everywhere expect articulation
Synovial Membrane composed of
Loose vascular CT
where is the Synovial Membrane
Lines on the non-articular parts of synovial joints
Adherent to capsule and non-articular bone
purposes of Synovial Membrane
Secretes and absorbs synovial fluid
Synovial fluid has nutrition for tissues in the joint
Bare areas
Where synovial membrane is in direct contact with intra-articular bone not covered w/hyaline cartilage
what is the problem with bare areas
Predisposed for bone erosion from synovial disease
do all joints have fat pads
- Some not all joints have fat pads
Fat pads
Accumulations of adipose tissue closely associated with synovial membranes forming flexible cushions and filling in joint spaces
location of fat pads normally
Normally under the tendon so muscle can move w/o being uncomfortable
Synovial Fluid function
Functions to provide liquid environment with narrow pH range for joint surfaces
Nutritive source for articular cartilage, discs and menisci
Lubricant to increase joint efficiency and reduce surface erosion
overall: Provides lubrication and nutrition
Articular Discs or Menisci
Fibrocartilage structures intervening between articulating structures where congruity is low
Articular Discs or Menisci example
EX: the knee joint, improve connection between bony surfaces
Articular Discs/Menisci function
Assist in shock absorption
Improve fit between joint surfaces
Distribute weight over larger surface
Protect edges of articular surfaces
Limit translational movements
Facilitate rolling movements
Labrum made out of what
Fibrocartilaginous
Labrum local
Forms annular lip
Attached at margins of articular surfaces in some synovial jts (glenoid, acetabular)
what is the labrum
rim of soft tissue or fibrous cartilage that surrounds the socket of a ball and socket joint to make it more stable
Deepens sockets and increases area of contact between articular surfaces
is the labrum compressed
no
how do classify joints
Based on shapes of articular surfaces and on degrees of freedom of movement (uniaxial, biaxial, multiaxial)
Plane Joints
Apposition of fairly flat articular surfaces
Plane Joints movement
translatory motion
Translatory-gliding/Sliding
not a lot of movement seen
plane joints DF
1
Uni-axial: gliding (sliding can only occur in on direction)
example of plane joints
Acromioclavicular jt
Proximal tib-fib jt
Intermetatarsal jts
Some intercarpal jts
Hinge Joints DF
1
Uniaxial - primarily mvmt in one plane
hinge joint ligaments
Ligaments on both sides restricting movement
hinge joint examples
Elbow (humeroulnar) jt
Interphalangeal jts
Bicondylar Joints DF
biaxial
Bicondylar Joints movement
Primarily mvmt in 1 plane
Limited rotation about a 2nd axis set at 90 degrees to the first axis
Bicondylar Joints make up
2 convex condyles articulate with 2 concave surfaces
Examples of Bicondylar Joints
Knee jt
Temporomandibular jts
Saddle Joints other name
Sellar
Saddle Joints DF
Biaxial
Saddle Joints movement
Amount of motion in each plane is similar - biaxial
Primary mvmts occur in 2 planes set at right angles to each other
Saddle Joints made up of
Saddle Joints
allows similar amount of motion in both planes
combination of movements in saddle joints
Combination = circumduction
saddle joint examples
1st carpometacarpal jt
Talocrural jt
Condyloid Joints another name
Ellipsoid
Condyloid Joints DF
Biaxial
Mvmt about two axes set at right angles to each other
Condyloid Joints make up
Oval convex male surface & elliptical female concavity
examples of Condyloid Joints
Radiocarpal jt
Metacarpophalangeal jts
Condyloid Joints joint movement
Combined mvmt is circumduction
Ball & Socket Joints another name
Spheroidal
ball and socket DF
Multiaxial - 3 degrees of freedom
Flexion/extension
Adduction/abduction
Rotation
Ball & Socket Joints components
Convex globular head articulates with cup-like concavity
Ball & Socket Joints examples
Shoulder jt
Hip jt
Pivot Joints anther name
Trochoid
Pivot Joints DF
Uniaxial
Pivot Joints compents
Central bony pivot surrounded by osteo-ligamentous ring
rotation in the pivot joint
Rotation about a longitudinal axis
Examples of Pivot Joints
Proximal radioulnar jt
Atlantoaxial jt
what is Osteoarthritis
Degenerative Joint Disease
the cartilage within a joint begins to break down and the underlying bone begins to change.
Osteoarthritis
Asymmetrical distribution
Loss of single compartment joint space
Osteophytes
Subchondral sclerosis
Subchondral cysts
Intra-articular loose bodies
Articular deformity
Osteophytes
bony lumps (bone spurs) that grow on the bones of the spine or around the joints.
inflammatory joint disease - types
rheumatoid and autoimmune disease
inflammatory joint disease characteristics
bilateral
soft tissue swelling - edema
bone erosion
juxta- articular OP
seen in younger populations
