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Anatomy LE > ankle > Flashcards

ankle Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three joints of the ankle

A

talocural, distal tibi fib, subtalar

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2
Q

Subtalar joint

A

art between the tarsal bones in the foot: the talus and calcaneus

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3
Q

Distal tib fib

A

between the tib and fib

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4
Q

Talocrural joint

A

connects the bones of the leg, the fibula and tibia, with the talus of the foot.

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5
Q

what is the Ottawa Ankle Rules used for

A

Purpose: to determine the need for radiographs after acute ankle injury

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6
Q

Ottawa Ankle Rules

A

Pain in malleolar or midfoot area and Either:

Inability to bear weight immediately after injury AND in the ED (taking 4 steps)

OR

Bone tenderness at the posterior edge of tibia or fibula or tip of medial or lateral malleolus

OR
Bone tenderness at the navicular or proximal base of 5th metatarsal

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7
Q

what makes up the medial long arch

A

calcaneus
talus
navicular
medial cuneifrom
1st metatarsal

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8
Q

Pes Planus

A

flat foot

“high arch foot”, excessive or rigid supination of the foot and ankle

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9
Q

Pes Cavus

A

“high arch foot”

excessive or rigid supination of the foot and ankle

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10
Q

lateral arch

A

calcaneus
cuboid
5th metatarsal

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11
Q

where is the transverse arch found at

A

the metatarsal layer

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12
Q

ligament of the medial ankle

A
  • Tibionavicular ligament:
  • Anterior Tibiotalar ligament:
  • Plantar calcaneonavicular
  • Long plantar ligament
  • Posterior tibiotalar
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13
Q
  • The Deltoid ligament
A

is a strong, flat and triangular band.

It is made up of 4 ligaments that form the triangle, connecting the tibia to the navicular, the calcaneus, and the talus

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14
Q

medial ligaments do what

A

stabilize the medial ankle

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15
Q

Posterior tibiotalar and Anterior Tibiotalar ligament:

A

help stabilize medial longitudinal area

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16
Q

lateral ligaments

A

Anterior talofibular
Calcaneofibular
Posterior talofibular
anterior tibi fib ligament

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17
Q

Posterior Ligaments

A

post. tibiotalar part of medial ankle ligament
post. talofibular ligment
post tibiofibular

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18
Q

3 ligament complex of the lateral ligaments stablize what

A

talocrural joint

  • restrict inversion of foot
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19
Q

posterior ligaments

A
  • Post. Tibiofibular
  • Post. Talofibular
  • Post. Tibiotalar
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20
Q

subtalar ligaments

A

Medial & lateral talocalcaneal ligaments
Interosseus talocalaneal ligament
Cervical ligament

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21
Q

Cervical ligament

A

long plantar ligament
dorsal cuneonavicular

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22
Q

Four compartments of the lower leg:

A

Anterior
Lateral – superficial blood vessels
Deep Posterior
Superficial Posterior

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23
Q

Anterior Compartment of leg

A

Tibialis Anterior
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Extensor Hallicus Longus
Deep Peroneal Nerve (L4-S1)

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24
Q

Deep Posterior Compartment:

A

Tibialis Posterior
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Flexor Hallicus Longus
Tibial N –
TP: L4-5
FDL: S2,3
FHL: S2,3

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25
Q

Superficial Posterior Compartment

A

Plantaris
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Tibial N (S1,2)

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26
Q

Lateral Compartment:

A

Peroneus Longus
Peroneus Brevis
Superficial Peroneal N
(L5 – S2)

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27
Q

Anterior Compartment what kind of muscles

A

Extrinsic muscles:
Originate outside of the foot

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28
Q

Tibialis Anterior action

A

Dorsiflexion and Inversion

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29
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus action

A

Action – Dorsiflexion and Eversion with toe (2-5) extension

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30
Q

Extensor Hallicus Longus

A

Action – Dorsiflexion and Eversion with great toe extension

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31
Q

Gastrocnemius attachments

A

Has attachments a medial and lateral femoral condyle

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32
Q

Gastrocnemius one joint or two joint

A

two crosses the knee and the ankle

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33
Q

Gastrocnemius action

A

Plantarflexes the foot and ankle

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34
Q

Soleus action

A

Ankle PF, independent of knee position

Important role maintaining standing posture

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35
Q

Plantaris

A

Weak ankle PF

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36
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus action

A

Great toe MTP and IP flexion, weak ankle PF, supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

37
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus

A

Flexes digits 2-5 at MTP, PIP, and DIP joints, supports longitudinal arches of foot

38
Q

Tibialis Posterior

A

Ankle PF and inversion

39
Q

Peroneus Longus

A

Ankle eversion, weak ankle PF

40
Q

Peroneus Brevis

A

Ankle eversion, weak ankle PF

41
Q

1st layer

A

abductor digiti minimi
abductor hallucis
flexor digitorum brevis

42
Q

2nd layer

A

Lumbricals

Quadrate plantae

43
Q

3 rd layer

A

oblique and tranverse head of the adductor hallucis
flexor hallucis brevis
flexor digiti minimi

44
Q

4th layer

A

dorsal interossei
plantar interossei

45
Q

Dorsalis pedis is a conituation of what

A

continuation of the anterior tibial aa

46
Q

Super peroneal nerve

A

runs through the ant compartment

47
Q

5 structure in the tarsal tunnel

A

Tom Dick ANd henery

48
Q

Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome id due to

A

Neurovascular compromise of the Tibial N or Posterior Tibial Artery

Space occupying lesion in the tarsal tunnel that creates compression
Swollen, inflamed tendon
Increased fluid and swelling in tarsal tunnel
Mass of tissue

49
Q

Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome presents as

A

Burning / pins & needles / temperature changes in the plantar aspect of the foot

50
Q

Sagittal Plane Motion of the Foot

A

DF and PF

51
Q

Sagittal Plane Motion of the Foot axis

A

Axis lies in frontal & transverse plane

52
Q

Dorsiflexio ROM

A

15° - 20°

53
Q

Plantarflexion ROM

A

30° - 50°

54
Q

Joint for Sagittal Plane Motion of the Foot axis

A

Talocrural joint provides most of this motion

Some motion also available at the Oblique axis of midtarsal joint

55
Q

Talocrural Joint Axis connect what

A

Connects tips of medial & lateral malleoli
This is at a slight angle, not very significant

56
Q

Talocrural Joint Axis movement

A

Allows mostly dorsiflexion/plantarflexion with slight abd/ev & add/inv

57
Q

Talocrural Joint Axis and frontal plane

A

Tipped anterior and posterior to true frontal plane by approximately 6°

58
Q

Frontal Plane Motion of the Foot

A

inversion and eversion

59
Q

Frontal Plane axis

A

Axis lies in sagittal & transverse planes

60
Q

Frontal Plane Motion joint that provides motion

A

Subtalar joint provides most of this motion (main)
Inversion ~ 25°- 30°
Eversion ~ 5° - 15°

Midtarsal joint (longitudinal axis) will also provide this motion, 2ndary

61
Q

Subtalar Joint Axis - angle of inclination

A

~ 45° from frontal and transverse (angle of inclination)

62
Q

Subtalar Joint Axis - deviation angle

A

15° medial/lateral from sagittal

63
Q

Subtalar Joint Axis movement allowed

A

Allows mostly Inv / Ev with some abd/add
Very little df / pf motion

64
Q

Midtarsal Joint 2 axis

A

Longitudinal Axis
Oblique Axis

65
Q

Longitudinal Axis location

A

Angled 15° from transverse plane & 9° medially from sagittal plane

66
Q

Longitudinal Axis movement

A

Allows mostly Eversion & Inversion

67
Q

Oblique Axis local

A

Angled 52° from transverse plane & 57° medially from sagittal plane

68
Q

Oblique Axis movement

A

Allows mostly DF/abd (pronation) & PF/add (supination)

69
Q

Transverse plane motion

A

abduction & adduction

70
Q

Joint(s) that provide that produce Transverse plane motion

A

abd and add

Is not the primary motion at any joint in the foot and ankle
Combination from talocrural, subtalar, and midtarsal

71
Q

Triplane Axis

A

Lies at an angle to all 3 cardinal planes

72
Q

Triplane Axis Resultant motion

A

Triplane motion
Supination
Pronation

73
Q

Supination combined movements

A

Plantarflexion
Inversion
Adduction

74
Q

Plantarflexion joints

A

Talocrural joint
Oblique axis of midtarsal joint

75
Q

Inversion joints

A

Subtalar joint
Longitudinal axis of midtarsal joint

76
Q

Adduction joints

A

Slight contribution from talocrural, subtalar, and midtarsal

77
Q

Pronation combine movements

A

Dorsiflexion
Eversion
Abduction

78
Q

Dorsiflexion joint

A

Talocrural joint
Oblique axis of midtarsal joint

79
Q

Eversion joint

A

Subtalar joint
Longitudinal axis of midtarsal joint

80
Q

Abduction joint

A

Slight contribution from talocrural, subtalar, and midtarsal

81
Q

metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints1st needs

A

Important for normal gait cycle
We need 70-75 degrees of extension at this joint
Proximal moving on distal

82
Q

1st MTP motion

A

Requires 75° of 1st MTP extension

83
Q

1st MTP motion Occurs as a result of

A

Heel lift
STJ supination
1st MTP shorter than 2nd
Normal sesamoid function

84
Q

Loading to Mid-stance joint movement

A

Subtalar joint (everts) pronates - - - - forefoot becomes more mobile

85
Q

loading to mid-satnce​ postion good parts

A

Improves shock absorption
Foot becomes more adaptable to changing terrain
More stable base of support

86
Q

Mid-stance to toe off

A

Subtalar joint (inverted) supinates - - - - forefoot becomes more rigid

87
Q

Mid-stance to toe off postion is goof becasue

A

Provides a more rigid lever for efficient push-off

88
Q

proximal structure of the LE and the subtalar joint

A

proximal structure of the LE have an effect of the subtalar joint

89
Q

IR the femur what happens at the foot

A

the foot goes out into pronati

Anatomy LE (13 decks)

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