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Anatomy LE > connective tissue > Flashcards

connective tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Connective Tissue role

A

Provides supporting framework for all glands, organs and tissues

Protective role

Metabolically active

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2
Q

Fibroblast

A

principal source of the extensive extracellular matrix (ECM) characteristic of these tissues

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3
Q

Types of Connective Tissue

A

Irregular

Regular

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4
Q

Irregular CT arrangements

A

random arrangement of fibers

Dense
Loose
Adipose

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5
Q

Regular CT arrangements

A

ordered arrangement of fibers

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6
Q

Regular Connective Tissue made out of

A

Fibrous tissues - mainly collagen, some elastin

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7
Q

Regular Connective Tissue direction of fibers

A

Direction of fibers related to stress experienced

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8
Q

examples of regular CT

A

Deep fascia, aponeurosis, tendon, ligament

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9
Q

Irregular Dense CT made out of

A

Primarily collagen fibers interweaving in 3 dimensions

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10
Q

example of irregular dense CT

A

Periosteum/Perichondrium

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11
Q

Irregular Loose CT made out of

A

Loosely arranged network of collagen and elastin fibers and cells

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12
Q

Irregular Loose CT purpose

A

Serves to bind parts together and allow mvmt between them

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13
Q

Irregular Loose CT examples

A

Serves to bind parts together and allow mvmt between them

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14
Q

Irregular Adipose CT made out of

A

Adipose cells and elastin

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15
Q

Tendon made out of

A

regular CT

Parallel arrangement of collagen fibers

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16
Q

tendon length

A

Basically unvarying length

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17
Q

Functions of tendon

A

attaches muscle to bone

resists tension

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18
Q

Ligament made out of

A

Spiral or oblique arrangement of collagen fibers usually crossing joint
regular CT

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19
Q

Functions of ligaments

A

Attaches bone to bone

Tough, unyielding, but pliable enough to allow movement

provides joint stability

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20
Q

Aponeurosis made out of

A

Flat white sheets of mainly collagen fibers regularly arranged

Associated with attachments of muscle

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21
Q

Synovial Membrane made out of

A

Loose CT

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22
Q

Synovial Bursae

A

Flattened sacs of synovial membrane supported by dense, irregular CT

Contains a thin film of synovial fluid which acts as a lubricant

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23
Q

Synovial Bursae location

A

Located near joints

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24
Q

Synovial Bursae purpose

A

Allow for freedom of movement between juxtaposing tissues

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25
Q

Subcutaneous Synovial Bursae

A

Located within superficial fascia where skin must move freely over subcutaneous bony surfaces

26
Q

Subcutaneous Synovial Bursae examples

A

Prepatellar

  • In front of the kneecap - allows moment of skin on patella so the skin does no feel stiff

Olecranon
Calcaneal

27
Q

Subtendinous Synovial Bursae

A

Located between tendons and bone, tendons and ligaments, or between tendons

28
Q

Tendon Synovial Sheaths

A

Closed double walled cylinders whose layers are separated by a thin film of synovial fluid

29
Q

what runs through Tendon Synovial Sheaths

A

Tendon runs through cylinder
• It allows​ the tendon to move smooth

30
Q

where are Tendon Synovial Sheaths

A

Occur where tendons pass under ligamentous bands allowing freedom of movement

31
Q

fetus skeleton

A

In the fetus, the greater part of the skeleton is cartilage

32
Q

where in adults does cartliage​ remain

A

In the adult, cartilage persists at articular surfaces of synovial jts, thoracic wall, larynx, trachea, bronchi, nose, ears & base of skull

33
Q

Features of Cartilage

A

Dense CT with solidified matrix
Low vascularity
Low metabolic rate
Poor regenerative capacity
High tensile strength (due to collagen content)
Resistance to compressive and shearing forces
Some elasticity and resilience (shock absorption)

34
Q

Components of Cartilage cells

A

chondroblasts
chondrocytes

35
Q

Extracellular matrix of cart

A

Collagen & elastin
Ground substance
- Glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, lipid, non-collagenous protein and electrolytes

36
Q

Chondrocytes

A

mature chondroblast = not bone

Collectively make up the cartilage

a cell which has secreted the matrix of cartilage and become embedded in it.

37
Q

Chondroblast

A

cartilage forming cells

secret ECM

38
Q

Nutrition of Cartilage

A

Cartilage is not completely avascular, but most vascularization is through diffusion

Surfaces of cartilage are either coated with perichondrium, abut against bone, or are bathed with synovial fluid

39
Q

types of Growth of Cartilage

A

Interstitial growth

Appositional growth

40
Q

Interstitial growth of Cartilage

A

Mitotic division of chondroblasts throughout thickness of tissue (occurs in epiphyseal plates)

41
Q

Appositional growth

A

Proliferation of cells at inner layer of perichondrium

42
Q

In mammals, ability to regenerate cartilage

A

is low - defects are usually filled with vascularized connective tissue (granulation tissue)

When we tear cartilage body, we will fill it in with random stuff

43
Q

Types of Cartilage

A

Elastic (Yellow) Cartilage

White Fibrocartilage

Hyaline Cartilage

44
Q

Elastic Cartilage

A

Contains chondrocytes, but matrix is pervaded by elastin fibers

45
Q

example of Elastic Cartilage

A

External ear

Epiglottis

Some of larynx

46
Q

White Fibrocartilage

A

Dense, white fibrous tissue
arranged in bundles with fibroblasts & chondrocytes between the bundles

47
Q

White Fibrocartilage examples

A

Intervertebral discs
Articular discs
Labra
Menisc

48
Q

Intervertebral Disc properties

A

White fibrocartilage provides disc with great tensile strength and degree of elasticity

49
Q

Menisci

A

White fibrocartilage provides menisci with considerable toughness & sufficient elasticity to resist long term effects of pressure and friction

50
Q

Hyaline Cartilage Characteristics

A

Firm consistency with considerable elasticity

Pearly bluish, translucent appearance
Little amt of collagen

51
Q

example of Hyaline Cartilage

A

Articular

costal, nasal, some laryngeal, tracheobronchial

52
Q

Articular Cartilage made out of

A

hyaline cart

53
Q

Articular Cartilage location

A

articular surfaces of bones, and lies inside the joint cavity of synovial joints

54
Q

Articular Cartilage purpose

A

Provides smooth wear-resistant surface bathed by synovial fluid

Allows for almost friction-free movement

Adapted to resist compressive forces generated during weight transmission

55
Q

Elasticity dissipates effect of Articular Cartilage

A

Elasticity dissipates effect of concussions and provides degree of flexibility, especially at end ranges

56
Q

thickness of the Articular Cartilage

A

Varies from 1-7 mm from smaller to larger joints

57
Q

concave articular surfaces

A

Concave surfaces - thinnest at center

58
Q

convex articular surfaces

A

Convex surfaces - thickest at center

59
Q

Thickness of Articular Cartilage with age

A

Decreases progressively from maturity to old age

Degenerating cells may be found in all layers, especially superficial layers

60
Q

Articular Cartilage and perichondrium

A

Articular cartilage is not covered by perichondrium

61
Q

Nutrition of Articular Cartilage

A

Vessels of synovial membrane
Synovial fluid
Hypochondral blood vessels of underlying marrow cavity

62
Q

tear in the art cart

A

not going to heal due to lack of vascular

Anatomy LE (13 decks)

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