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Anatomy LE > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

fusiform

A

o Thick belly in the middle but tapered at both ends

biceps brachii

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2
Q
  • Flat muscles
A

have parallel arrangement of fibers

often with aponeurosis

external obliques

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3
Q
  • Parallel
A

fibers parallel to each other with proximal and distal tendons at both ends.

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4
Q

Pennate muscles

A

feather-like fibers: muscle fibers that insert into a tendon at an angle

different types depending on how the angle is located in at
multipennate: deltoid

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5
Q

Convergent muscles

A

arise from a broad area and converge to form a single tendon.

pectoralis major

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6
Q

Quadrate muscles

A

four equal sides

square.

rectus abdominis

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7
Q

Circular muscles

A

Arranged in a circle

Typically surround a body opening or orifice

orbicularis oculi, which surrounds the mouth.

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8
Q

Digastric muscles

A

have 2 muscle bellies with a tendon in the middle

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9
Q

three types of muscle contractions

A

reflexive
phasic
tonic

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10
Q

phasic types

A

isotonic
isometric

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11
Q

isotonic types

A

eccentric - muscle lengthening
concentric - muscle shortening

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12
Q

structural unit

A

muscle fibers

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13
Q

function unit of muscles

A

motor unit

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14
Q

prime mover

A

main muscle responsible for producing a specific movement of the body

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15
Q
  • Fixator
A

steadies the proximal parts of a limb through isometric contraction while movements occur in distal parts

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16
Q
  • Synergist
A

complements the action of a prime mover

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17
Q

Antagonist

A

opposes the action of another muscle

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18
Q

superficial fascia

A

allows the skin to move

thermal insulation

deep to the dermis - adipose

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19
Q

deep fascia tissue type

A

deep regualr CT

20
Q

where is deep best developed

A

the limbs

21
Q

where is the deep fascia

A

covering over the muscle and intermuscular​ septa

22
Q

inter-muscular septa

A

extension of the deep fascia passing inwards to connect with the bone

can create muscle groups

23
Q

deep fascia of the thigh

A

fascia lata

24
Q

length of the fascia lata

A

iliac crest –> bony point of the knee

the intermuscular septa attach to the linea aspera

25
Q

IT band is part of what deep fascia

A

fascia lata

26
Q

where does the IT band attach to distally

A

gerby’s tubercle

27
Q

inter muscular septa of fascia lata

A

lateral and medial

28
Q

lateral inter muscular septa length

A

glute max –> to the lateral condyle of the femur

29
Q

lateral intermusclar septa separates

A

vastus lateralis from the biceps head

both are somewhat attched to it

30
Q

medial intermusclar septa separates what

A

vastus medialis from the adductors and the pectineus​

31
Q

deep fascia of the lower leg

A

cural fascia

32
Q

cural fascia length

A

knee to the foot/ankle

33
Q

the cural fascia is continuous with

A

flexor and extensor ret

34
Q

rectinacula

A

ocalized transc=verse

35
Q

what does the rectinacula prevent

A

tendon bowing

36
Q

intermusclar septa of cural fascia

A

anterior and posterior

deep transverse

37
Q

compartments of the the lower leg

A

anterior

lateral

posterior - super and deep

38
Q

compartment syndrome common where

A

lower leg - this is where the compartment are best established

39
Q

which compartment do we most often see compartment syndrome

A

anterior compartment of the lower leg - but seen in all 4 compartments

40
Q

two reasons from compartment syndrome

A
  1. decrease in compartment size
  2. increase in compartment content
41
Q

example of increase in compartment component

A

bleeding, facture, muscle hypertrophy

42
Q

example of decrease in compartment size

A

tight dressing, localized external pressure

43
Q

what is the average tissue pressure

A

10-20 mm HG

44
Q

what does it mean when the tissue pressure is over 30 mm HG

A

veins are compressed and blood return is restricted

45
Q

signs of compartment

A

pain
tenderness of fascia
possible loss of sensation.
increase symptoms of stretching of muscle in compartment​
weakness of muscles in the comparment

46
Q

late finding of compartment (5 p’s)

A

pain
pulseness
pallor
parathesis - pins and needles
paralysis

47
Q

how do we repair compartment syndrome

A

fasciotomy

Anatomy LE (13 decks)

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