Muscles Flashcards
fusiform
o Thick belly in the middle but tapered at both ends
biceps brachii
- Flat muscles
have parallel arrangement of fibers
often with aponeurosis
external obliques
- Parallel
fibers parallel to each other with proximal and distal tendons at both ends.
Pennate muscles
feather-like fibers: muscle fibers that insert into a tendon at an angle
different types depending on how the angle is located in at
multipennate: deltoid
Convergent muscles
arise from a broad area and converge to form a single tendon.
pectoralis major
Quadrate muscles
four equal sides
square.
rectus abdominis
Circular muscles
Arranged in a circle
Typically surround a body opening or orifice
orbicularis oculi, which surrounds the mouth.
Digastric muscles
have 2 muscle bellies with a tendon in the middle
three types of muscle contractions
reflexive
phasic
tonic
phasic types
isotonic
isometric
isotonic types
eccentric - muscle lengthening
concentric - muscle shortening
structural unit
muscle fibers
function unit of muscles
motor unit
prime mover
main muscle responsible for producing a specific movement of the body
- Fixator
steadies the proximal parts of a limb through isometric contraction while movements occur in distal parts
- Synergist
complements the action of a prime mover
Antagonist
opposes the action of another muscle
superficial fascia
allows the skin to move
thermal insulation
deep to the dermis - adipose
deep fascia tissue type
deep regualr CT
where is deep best developed
the limbs
where is the deep fascia
covering over the muscle and intermuscular septa
inter-muscular septa
extension of the deep fascia passing inwards to connect with the bone
can create muscle groups
deep fascia of the thigh
fascia lata
length of the fascia lata
iliac crest –> bony point of the knee
the intermuscular septa attach to the linea aspera
IT band is part of what deep fascia
fascia lata
where does the IT band attach to distally
gerby’s tubercle
inter muscular septa of fascia lata
lateral and medial
lateral inter muscular septa length
glute max –> to the lateral condyle of the femur
lateral intermusclar septa separates
vastus lateralis from the biceps head
both are somewhat attched to it
medial intermusclar septa separates what
vastus medialis from the adductors and the pectineus
deep fascia of the lower leg
cural fascia
cural fascia length
knee to the foot/ankle
the cural fascia is continuous with
flexor and extensor ret
rectinacula
ocalized transc=verse
what does the rectinacula prevent
tendon bowing
intermusclar septa of cural fascia
anterior and posterior
deep transverse
compartments of the the lower leg
anterior
lateral
posterior - super and deep
compartment syndrome common where
lower leg - this is where the compartment are best established
which compartment do we most often see compartment syndrome
anterior compartment of the lower leg - but seen in all 4 compartments
two reasons from compartment syndrome
- decrease in compartment size
- increase in compartment content
example of increase in compartment component
bleeding, facture, muscle hypertrophy
example of decrease in compartment size
tight dressing, localized external pressure
what is the average tissue pressure
10-20 mm HG
what does it mean when the tissue pressure is over 30 mm HG
veins are compressed and blood return is restricted
signs of compartment
pain
tenderness of fascia
possible loss of sensation.
increase symptoms of stretching of muscle in compartment
weakness of muscles in the comparment
late finding of compartment (5 p’s)
pain
pulseness
pallor
parathesis - pins and needles
paralysis
how do we repair compartment syndrome
fasciotomy
