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Mcrbly nd Pblc Hlth > Viruses > Flashcards

Viruses Flashcards

1
Q
  • Acellular
  • Small obligate anaerobes intracellular prasites
  • composed of proteins & nucleic acids
  • DO NOT replicate
A

Virus

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2
Q
  • obligate intracellular parasites
  • “acellular”, “nonliving”
  • protein and NAs composition
A

Viruses

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3
Q
  • complete virus particle
  • either DNA/ RNA encased in a capsid
  • may or may not be surrounded by a lipoprotein
A

Virion

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4
Q

DNA or RNA

A

Nucleic Acid Core

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5
Q

– Protein component
– for protection
– basis if viral symmetry

A

Capsid

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6
Q

– Some are naked
– General Rule:
— Enveloped - more susceptible
— Naked - less susceptible

A

Viral envelope

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7
Q

Symmetry

A
  • Cubic/ Icosahedral
  • Helical
  • Complex
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8
Q

Cubic/ Icosahedral

A
  • Rhino
  • Adeno
  • Polio
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9
Q

Helical

A
  • TMV: Tobacco Mosaic Virus

- Corona

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10
Q

Complex

A
  • Pox

- Bacteriophage

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11
Q
  • largest

- most complex

A

Pox

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12
Q
  • smallest

- lipid containing virus

A

Hep B

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13
Q

Viral replication

A
  • Attachment
  • Penetration
  • Uncoating
  • Expressing viral gene
  • Replication
  • Virion synthesis
  • Release
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14
Q

Lytic

A
  • Virus invades
  • Creates copies of itself
  • Bursts cell to release its virions
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15
Q

Lysogenic

A
  • Virus invades
  • It incorporates its genetic material in the hosts DNA (Provirus/ Prophage)
  • Bursts cell to release its virions
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16
Q

DNA virus

A
  • DS
  • Icosahedral
  • Nucleus
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17
Q

EXCEPTIONS

A
  • ssDNA: Parvo-
  • complex: Pox
  • Cytoplasm: Pox
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18
Q

RNA virus

A
  • Helical
  • Enveloped
  • Cytoplasm
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19
Q

EXCEPTIONS

A 
• Unenveloped: Picorna-
                             Reo-    
                             Calici-
• Nucleus: Retro-
                   Orthomyxo-
                   Influenza- 
• dsRNA: Reo-
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20
Q

Naked DNA

A
  • Parvo
  • Papova
  • Adeno
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21
Q

Enveloped DNA

A
  • Herpes
  • Hep B
  • Pox
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22
Q
  • (+) Sense RNA
  • May be directly translated into their viral proteins
  • PiCoTCaFlaRe
A
  • Picorna
  • Corona
  • Toga
  • Calici
  • Flav
  • Retro/ Reo
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23
Q
  • (-) Sense RNA
  • needed to be converted by RNA polymerase before they can be translated into their viral proteins
  • ParFABOR
A
  • Paramyxo-
  • Filo-
  • Arena-
  • Bunya-
  • Orthomyxo-
  • Rhabdo
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24
Q

Viral Exanthems

A
  • German measles/ Rubella
  • Measles/ Rubeola
  • Erythema infectosum
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25
Q
  • Rubivirus
  • transmission: respiratory droplets
  • “3 day fever”, 3rd fever
  • incubation — already infectious
A

German Measles/ Rubella

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26
Q
  • mental retardation
  • deafness
  • glaucoma
A

Congenital Rubella

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27
Q

Vaccine for German Measles

A
  • MMR
    — live attenuated
    — 2 doses
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28
Q
  • Morbillivirus (family Paramyxoviridae)
  • transmission: respiratory
  • FIRST DISEASE
  • ✔️ 1 serotype
  • characteristic: Koplik Spots
A

Measles/ Rubeola

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29
Q

Other members of Paramyxoviridae

A
  • RSV

- Mumps virus

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30
Q

Pneumonia

A

RSV: Respiratory Syncytial Virus

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31
Q
  • self limiting
  • very contagious
  • manifestations: Parotisis — inflamm. of parotid glands
    Orchitis — testicles
A

Mumps virus

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32
Q
  • “Slapped cheek syndrome”
  • transmission: repsiratory
  • FIFTH DISEASE/ Erythema Infectiosum
A

Parvovirus

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33
Q

Pox Virus

A
  • Molluscum contagiosum
  • Cowpox
  • Smallpox
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34
Q
  • Fleshy, dome-shaped papules

- transmission: skin contact

A

Molluscum contagiosum

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35
Q

Milker’s nodules

A

Cowpox

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36
Q

Variola virus

A

Small pox

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37
Q
  • one serotype
  • only humans are reservoir
  • ✖️subclinical stage
A

Variola Virus

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38
Q

HHV 1

A

HSV 1 — Oral herpes

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39
Q

HHV 2

A

HSV 2 — Genital Herpes

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40
Q

HHV 3

A

VZV — Chickenpox

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41
Q

HHV 4

A

EBV — Infectious mononucleosis

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42
Q

HHV 5

A

CMV — Associated with Rhinitis

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43
Q

HHV 6, 7

A

Roseolovirus — Exanthem subitum

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44
Q

HHV 8

A

Kaposi Sarcoma Related

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45
Q

Herpes Simplex 1 & 2

A
  • Herpetic whitlow – fingers
  • Herpes keratitis – cornea
  • Herpes gladiotorum – skin; wrestling
  • Eczema herpeticum – blistery skin rash
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46
Q

Varicella Zoster Virus

A

• Chickenpox — shingles (reactivation)
— sharply demarcated in midline
— painful

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47
Q
  • “kissing virus”
  • transmission: saliva
  • infectious mononucleosis
  • Burkitt’s Lymphoma
  • Assoc. w/ Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
A

Epstein Barr Virus

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48
Q
  • humans are the only reservoir
  • Vertical Transmission — Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease
  • Horizontal Transmission — Infectious Mononucleosis like syndrome
  • Most common congenital infxn
A

Cytomegalovirus

49
Q
  • Exanthem subitum

- SIXTH DISEASE

A

Roseolovirus

50
Q
  • Associated with Kaposi’s Sarcoma
51
Q

Virology of the GIT

A
  • Rotavirus
  • Enteric Adenovirus
  • Calcivirus
  • Astrovirus
  • Coronavirus
  • Torovirus
52
Q
  • Viral Gastroenteritis
  • Naked Virus
  • Manifestation: Watery diarrhrea
  • Prevention: Rotashield
53
Q
  • Naked DNA
A

Enteric Adenovirus

54
Q
  • RNA
  • (+) Sense
  • Winter vomiting disease
A

Calcivirus

55
Q
  • Star shaped
A

Astrovirus

56
Q
  • Crown shaped
  • RNA
  • (+) Sense
  • Largest genome of all RNA virus
A

C👑r👑navirus

57
Q

Donut shaped

A

T🍩r🍩virus

58
Q

Viral Hepatitis
— (+) Jaundice
— (+) Tea colored urine
— (+) Alcoholic stools

A
  • Hep A
  • Hep B
  • Hep C
  • Hep D
  • Hep E
59
Q
  • Picornavirus
  • T 💩 E
  • self-limiting; non chronic
60
Q
  • Heparnavirus
  • ONLY DNA HEP
  • (+) Reverse transcriptase activity
  • Hep Bvirion = Dane particle
  • transmission: Parenteral, Sexual, Congenital
61
Q

Diagnosis for Hep B

A
  • HBs Ag — marker of infection
  • HBa Ab — recovery/ immunity
  • antiHBc IgM — acute infection
  • antiHBc IgG — past/ chronic infection
  • HBe Ag — active replication; infectivity
  • anti HBe — ✖️ replication
62
Q
  • Flavivirus
  • ✖️vaccine
  • Risk factors: Blood transfusion, hemodialysis
63
Q
  • “Delta agent”
  • “Defective virus”
  • Can only propagate in the presence of Hep B
64
Q
  • Feco-oral
  • Contaminated beverages — Enumin
  • Acute self limiting infection
65
Q 
Arbovirus
• T F R B
  - Bunyaviridae
  - Flaviviridae
  - Reoviridae
  - Togaviridae
A
  • arthropod borne virus
  • grographic area specific
  • clinical manifestations:
    — fever, malaise, HA
    — Encephalitis, hemorrhagic fever
66
Q

Bunyaviridae

A
  • Bunyavirus
  • Nairovirus
  • Phlebovirus
67
Q

Encephalitis

A

Bunyavirus

68
Q
  • Crimean Congo Hemorhagic Fever
  • Africa, Asia, ME
  • 10-40% mortality
A

Nairovirus

69
Q
  • Sandfly fever/ Rift Valley fever

- Sandfly

A

Phlebovirus

70
Q

Flaviviridae

A
  • Japanese Encephalitis
  • West Nile Virus
  • Dengue/ Breakbone fever
  • Yellow fever
71
Q
  • Transmission: Culex mosquito

- Reservoir: 🐷 and 🦅

A

Japanese Encephalitis

72
Q
  • 👴🏻👵🏻 at risk
  • transmission: Mosquito
  • Reservoir: 🦅 and 🐴
A

West Nile Virus

73
Q
  • Aedes aegypti — day biter, yellow fever mosquito
  • life cycle: involves 👩🏻 and mosquito
  • Dx: Antigen test/ Dengue NSI; Detection of Dengue IgM & IgG Ab
  • Mx: Supportive management
A

Dengue/ Breakbone fever

74
Q
  • “Panama puzzle”
  • Walter Reee, Cuba
  • Aedis aegypti
  • Limited in SA and West Africa
A

Yellow fever

75
Q

Togaviridae

A
  • Chikungunya Fever

* Easter Equire Encephalitis

76
Q
  • Similar to dengue but ✔️ joint pain

- platelets are not that low

A

Chikungunya Fever

77
Q
  • Arboviral Encephalitis
A

Easter Esquire Encephalitis

78
Q

Hemorrhagic Fever

A
  • Arenaviridae
  • Hanta Virus
  • Filovirus
79
Q
  • Sandy appearance in E- microscope
  • Lassa fever
  • Reservoir: Rodents; 💩 to 💁🏻
  • Sx: Fever, neck swelling
A

Arenaviridae

80
Q
  • Rodent to 💁🏻
  • Hantavirusa pulmonary syndrome
  • Hemorrhagic Fever Renal syndrome
A

Hanta virus

81
Q
  • Margburg virus
  • Ebola
  • Reservoir: Fruit Bats
  • Transmission: Direct contact w/ body fluids
  • Incubation: 21 days
82
Q

Rabies

A
  • transmitted: inoculation via bite
  • reservoirs: 🐕, 🐈, 🦇
  • Pathogenesis: Spinal cord to brain (Centripetal)
    Brain to S. Glands (Centrifugal)
83
Q

S/sx of Rabies

A
  • Prodrome – HA, Pain

* Neurologic – Nervousness, Confusion, Hallucinations, Hydrophobia

84
Q

Bite, broken skin, bats

A

Major — Vaccine, IgG

85
Q

Prion Diseases

A
  • Scapie
  • Kuru
  • BSE
  • CJD
86
Q

“Funney Sheep”

87
Q

Ingestion of brain tissue

88
Q

Mad Cow Disease

A

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy

89
Q
  • Cadeveric GH
  • Rapid dementia
  • Motor speech impairment
  • Blindness
A

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

90
Q

Picornavirus
— Enterovirus
- 👩🏻 only reservoir

A
  • Polio virus
  • Coxsackie virus
  • ECHO virus
91
Q
  • Poliomyelitis
  • Affects Lower Motor Neurons
  • Px: Vaccine
    • Salk (inactivated)
    • Sabin (live attenuated; oral)
A

Polio virus

92
Q

Coxsackie virus

A
  • Herpeangina – Hand, foot & mouth

* Aseptic meningitis - viral form of meningitis

93
Q
  • Enteric Cutopathogenic Human Orphan Virus

- Aseptic meningitis

A

ECHO Virus

94
Q

Oncoviruses (Tumor Viruses)

  • transform Normal calls ➡️ cancer
  • long, latent period
A
  • HPV
  • Polyoma Virus
  • Adenovirus
  • Herpes virus — EBV
95
Q
  • anogenital warts — “Condyloma auminata”

- common warts — HOV 2, 7, 22

96
Q

HPV-associated neoplasia

A

Cervical cancer = HPV 16, 18

97
Q

Dx: (HPV)

A
  • Papanocolau smear

- (+) Koilocytes

98
Q

Prevention: (HPV)

A

Vaccine: Gardasil (HPV 6, 11, 16, 18) — 9-26 y/o

Cervarix (HPV 16, 18) - 10-45 y/o

99
Q
  • Retrovirus
  • (+) Reverse Transcriptase
  • HIV 1 > HIV 2 (pathogenic)
  • Transmission: sexual, congenital, parenteral
  • Affects CD4+ T cell
  • Dx: Screening test: ELISA
    Confirmatory test: Western Blot
100
Q

Antivirals

A
  • Tx of Respiratory Infection
  • Tx of Hepatic Viral Infection
  • Tx of Herpetic Infection
  • Tx of HIV Infection
101
Q

Tx of Respiratory Infxn

A

– Neuraminidase Inhibitors
– Inhibitors of Viral Uncoating
– Ribavirin

102
Q

– For Type A & B Influenza
• Oseltamivir - Oral
• Zanamivir - Inhalational

A

Neuraminidase Inhibitors

103
Q

• Amantadine
– tx of Parkinson’s dse
• Rimantadine
– for Type A Influenza

A

Inhibitors of Viral Uncoating

104
Q

– Tx for RSV
– Use in combination w/ interferon alpha
— for Hepatitis C infxn

105
Q

Rx of Hepatic Viral Infxn

A

Interferon Alpha

106
Q
  • L - amivudine — HIV
  • A - defovir
  • T - elbivirudine
  • E - ntecavir
A

Interferon Alpha

107
Q

Tx for Herpetic Infx

A
  • Acyclovir
  • Cidofovir
  • Fomivirsen
  • Foscarnet
  • Gancyclovir
  • Pencixlovir & Famciclovir
  • Vidarabine
  • Influrudine
108
Q

Most effective for Herpetic Infxn

109
Q

Acyclovir resistant

110
Q

Tx for HIV infxn

A
  • NRTI
  • NNRTI
  • Protease Inhibitors
  • Entry Inhibitor
  • Integrase Inhibitors
111
Q

– Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTI)
– General Rule: All ends in -INE except Abacavir, Tenofovir

– DAZZLE ST

A
  • Didanosine
  • Abacavir
  • Zidovudine
  • Zalcitabine
  • Lamivudine
  • Emtricitabine
  • Stavudine
  • Tenofovir
112
Q

– Non nucleoside (NNRTI)

– NEED

A
  • Nevirapine
  • Efavirenz
  • Etravirine
  • Delavirdine
113
Q

Antiretrovirals

A
  • 1st line

* One Pill

114
Q

1st line

A

2 NRTI + 1 NNRTI

115
Q

One Pill

A
  • Lamivudine + Tenofovir + Efavirenz

* Lamivudine + Zidovudine + Efavirenz

116
Q

– Use if resistant to 1st line
– General Rule: All end in -VIR

— Trip sa SRI LANFA

• Protease Inhibitors

A
  • Tipranavir
  • Saquinavir
  • Ritonavir
  • Indinavir
  • Lopinavir
  • Amprebavir
  • Nelfinavir
  • Fosamprenavir
  • Atazanavir
117
Q

Entry Inhibitors

— EM

A
  • Enfurvitide

* Maraviroc

118
Q

Integrase Inhibitors

A

Raltegravir

Mcrbly nd Pblc Hlth (10 decks)

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