Mnr PCP Flashcards by Mikee Cabuco

The effectiveness of s disinfectant is influenced by

Population size
Duration of expression
Concentration if the disinfectant

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Lesions in the oral cavity caused by measles virus are known as

Koplik spot

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Anaerobic bacteria that derive energy by converting formates, acetates and other compounds to methane

Methanogenic

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The sudden unexpected occurrence of a disease in a given population

Outbreak

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The disease is form animals (rabies, anthrax, ringworm) that can be transmitted to humans

Zoonotic

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Diseases that are constantly present in a certain population

Endemic

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Diseases that occur occasionally in a population

Sporadic

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Causative agent of peptic ulcer

H. Pylori

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2 most common causes of PUD

Infection with H. Pylori

* NSAID-induced

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The “four o’ clock habit” promoted by the DOH is designed to prevent the spread of

Dengue fever

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The first drug available for HIV

ZDV - Zidovudine formerly called azidothymidine (AZT)

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An immediate hypersensitivity reaction ff. exposure of a sensitized individual to the appropriate antigen

Anaphylaxis

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A thin proteinaceous appendage necessary for bacterial conjugation

Pilus

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Allows transfer of genetic material from once cell to another (aka conjugation). Only found in G (-) bacteria.

Pilus

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A relatively short cellular projection from some eukaryotic cells, composed of 9 pairs plus 2 microtubules.

Cilium

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A filamentous chain of bacterial or cyanobacterial cells

Trichome (slender chain of cells)

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A thin appendage from the surface of a cell, composed of flagellin in prokaryotic cells and 9 pairs plus 2 in eukaryotic cells, functions for locomotion

Flagellum

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The use of nitrite as a preservative for food is discouraged because

It can react with amines to form carcinogenic nitrosamines

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The disinfectant of choice for municipal water supplies

Chlorine

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An object that is able to harbor and transmit MO.
Objects carrying infection: inanimate objects capable of carrying germs from an infected person to another person (clothes or bedding)

Fomite

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Refers to a plasmid or virus used to insert genes into a cell.
Designate arthropods that carries disease causing organisms to other hosts

Vector

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Administration of a toxoid

Artificially acquired active immunity

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Confers when you receive vaccines.

Most vaccines contain dead or attenuated pathogens.

Artificially acquired active immunity

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Preparation of toxin produced by infectious agents, largely rendered harmless by chemical tx but still capable of stimulating antibodies & used as a vaccine.

Toxoid

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Confers during bacterial and viral infection

Naturally acquired active immunity

Conferred on a fetus when the mother's antibodies cross the placenta, and enters the fetal circulation

Naturally acquired passive immunity

Conferred when one receives immune serum or gamma globulin

Artificially acquired passive immunity

An index that measures the # of individuals who have become ill because of a specific disease w/in a susceptible population during a specific period

Morbidity rate

Fraction of the population having the disease at a given time

Prevalence Rate

of deaths resulting from a disease in a given period of time in relation to the total population

Mortality Rate

The capacity of the MO to produce toxins.

Toxigenicity

The ability of the MO to cause disease by overcoming the host defenses

Pathogenicity

Degree of the pathogenicity of the MO

Virulence

Artificially acquired passive immunity is developed after vaccination with:

Immunoglobulin preparations

Nosocomial infections are

Infections developed while the patient is in the hospital

The Boracay water was declared unsafe due to

Fecal coliforms | — E. coli - predominant fecal coliform

Male Ascaris is distinguished from the female because its tail is

Curved

Water suitable for drinking

Potable | — contains no harmful elements

Microbial decomposition of proteins with the production of H2S and amines is known as

Putrefaction

Enzymatic degradation of carbohydrates

Fermentation

Reduction of nitrates to nitrites or nitrogen gas

Dentrification

Rod-shaped bacteria curved to form commas

Vibrios

This statement is true about viral infection

Viral infections are self-limiting

The heat-stable lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane of gram (-) cell wall that is toxic to the host is known as:

Endotoxin

The ability of a MO to enter a host, grow, reproduce and spread throughout its body is known

Invasiveness

The intimate living together of members of 2 different species is known as:

* Mutualism * Commensalism * Symbiosis

Living together of two different organisms or populations

Symbiosis

Type of symbiosis that benefits both organisms

Mutualism

A relationship where one benefits and the other is neither benefited nor harm

Commensalism

Dengue virus vector

Aedes aegypti

Plastics that can be decomposed by MO are said to be

Biodegradable

Something that can be used for the same or different purpose

Recyclable

Causative agent for malaria

Plasmodium falciparum

Vector for malaria

Anopheles mosquito

Causes ringworm infection with whitish patches on human skin

Malasseria furfur

Chronic superficial fungal infection that manifests as hypo or hyper pigmented areas in the skin

Pityriasis versicolor aka tinea versicolor

The causative agent of pneumonia acquired by inhalation from air conditioners

Legionella pneumophilia

Non communicable disease

Tetanus

Readily transmittable, able to pass from one person, animal or organism to another

Communicable disease

Communicable diseases

* Measles * Pneumonia * Hepatitis

Zoonotic diseases

* Leptospirosis * Anthrax * Brucellosis

Hansen's disease is caused by

Mycobacterium leprae

Causative agent of tuberculosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

True about moist heat sterilization

* makes use of an autoclave * coagulation of proteins; hydrogen bond breakage * makes use of steam under pressure * can kill both vegetative cells and spores

Cellular structure equated for drug resistance

Capsule

Bacterial genes responsible for drug resistance are

* R plasmids | * Transposons

Small segments of DNA which can move from one region of a DNA molecule to another

Transposons

Plasmid found in the donor cell in the bacterial conjugation. It has several genes that code for the formation and aid in donor attachment of the sex pili

F plasmid or fertility factor

Carry genes that confer upon host cell resistance to antibiotics, heavy metals or cellular toxins

R plasmid or resistance factor

Group of MO that can be transmitted to humans by animal vector like insects. Small, G (-), rod to coccoid-shaped bacterium. Requires an arthropod vector, except for Q fever.

Rickettsia

1st chemotherapeutic agent scientifically discovered and evaluated

Salvarsan — Paul Ehrlich — arsenic derivative effective against syphilis

Thioglycollate agar is an example of

Anaerobic media

Used for the culture of anaerobes. | These media contain ingredients ta chemically combine w/ dissolved oxygen and deplete oxygen in the culture medium.

Reducing media or anaerobe media

Intended to suppress the growth of unwanted microbes and encouraged the growth of the desired ones.

Selective media

Similar to selective media but it is designed to increase the number of desired microbes to detectable levels.

Enrichment media

Used to differentiate colonies of desired microbes from others

Differential media

Chemical agent that kills the vegetative forms of pathogenic MO but not necessarily the spores

Disinfectant

Used for the disinfection of the skin or mucous membranes

Antiseptic

Chemical used for the removal of microbes from eating utensils and food preparation areas

Sanitizer

Substance capable of killing MO

Germicide or Biocide

Example of ionizing radiation

X-ray

Best example of non-ionizing radiation

UV light

Primary site of Electron transport system in eukaryotes

Mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell responsible for most energy producing reactions.

Mitochondria

Responsible for protein synthesis

Ribosomes

Control center of eukaryotic cell that contains genetic material

Nucleus

Part of the cell that suspends other cell structure like organelles

Cytoplasm

Organism with atypical cell walls

Mycoplasma