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Mcrbly nd Pblc Hlth > Mnr PCP > Flashcards

Mnr PCP Flashcards

1
Q

The effectiveness of s disinfectant is influenced by

A
  • Population size
  • Duration of expression
  • Concentration if the disinfectant
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2
Q

Lesions in the oral cavity caused by measles virus are known as

A

Koplik spot

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3
Q

Anaerobic bacteria that derive energy by converting formates, acetates and other compounds to methane

A

Methanogenic

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4
Q

The sudden unexpected occurrence of a disease in a given population

A

Outbreak

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5
Q

The disease is form animals (rabies, anthrax, ringworm) that can be transmitted to humans

A

Zoonotic

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6
Q

Diseases that are constantly present in a certain population

A

Endemic

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7
Q

Diseases that occur occasionally in a population

A

Sporadic

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8
Q

Causative agent of peptic ulcer

A

H. Pylori

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9
Q

2 most common causes of PUD

A
  • Infection with H. Pylori

* NSAID-induced

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10
Q

The “four o’ clock habit” promoted by the DOH is designed to prevent the spread of

A

Dengue fever

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11
Q

The first drug available for HIV

A

ZDV - Zidovudine formerly called azidothymidine (AZT)

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12
Q

An immediate hypersensitivity reaction ff. exposure of a sensitized individual to the appropriate antigen

A

Anaphylaxis

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13
Q

A thin proteinaceous appendage necessary for bacterial conjugation

A

Pilus

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14
Q

Allows transfer of genetic material from once cell to another (aka conjugation). Only found in G (-) bacteria.

A

Pilus

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15
Q

A relatively short cellular projection from some eukaryotic cells, composed of 9 pairs plus 2 microtubules.

A

Cilium

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16
Q

A filamentous chain of bacterial or cyanobacterial cells

A

Trichome (slender chain of cells)

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17
Q

A thin appendage from the surface of a cell, composed of flagellin in prokaryotic cells and 9 pairs plus 2 in eukaryotic cells, functions for locomotion

A

Flagellum

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18
Q

The use of nitrite as a preservative for food is discouraged because

A

It can react with amines to form carcinogenic nitrosamines

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19
Q

The disinfectant of choice for municipal water supplies

A

Chlorine

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20
Q

An object that is able to harbor and transmit MO.
Objects carrying infection: inanimate objects capable of carrying germs from an infected person to another person (clothes or bedding)

A

Fomite

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21
Q

Refers to a plasmid or virus used to insert genes into a cell.
Designate arthropods that carries disease causing organisms to other hosts

A

Vector

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22
Q

Administration of a toxoid

A

Artificially acquired active immunity

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23
Q

Confers when you receive vaccines.

Most vaccines contain dead or attenuated pathogens.

A

Artificially acquired active immunity

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24
Q

Preparation of toxin produced by infectious agents, largely rendered harmless by chemical tx but still capable of stimulating antibodies & used as a vaccine.

A

Toxoid

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25
Q

Confers during bacterial and viral infection

A

Naturally acquired active immunity

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26
Q

Conferred on a fetus when the mother’s antibodies cross the placenta, and enters the fetal circulation

A

Naturally acquired passive immunity

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27
Q

Conferred when one receives immune serum or gamma globulin

A

Artificially acquired passive immunity

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28
Q

An index that measures the # of individuals who have become ill because of a specific disease w/in a susceptible population during a specific period

A

Morbidity rate

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29
Q

Fraction of the population having the disease at a given time

A

Prevalence Rate

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30
Q

of deaths resulting from a disease in a given period of time in relation to the total population

A

Mortality Rate

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31
Q

The capacity of the MO to produce toxins.

A

Toxigenicity

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32
Q

The ability of the MO to cause disease by overcoming the host defenses

A

Pathogenicity

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33
Q

Degree of the pathogenicity of the MO

A

Virulence

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34
Q

Artificially acquired passive immunity is developed after vaccination with:

A

Immunoglobulin preparations

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35
Q

Nosocomial infections are

A

Infections developed while the patient is in the hospital

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36
Q

The Boracay water was declared unsafe due to

A

Fecal coliforms

— E. coli - predominant fecal coliform

37
Q

Male Ascaris is distinguished from the female because its tail is

A

Curved

38
Q

Water suitable for drinking

A

Potable

— contains no harmful elements

39
Q

Microbial decomposition of proteins with the production of H2S and amines is known as

A

Putrefaction

40
Q

Enzymatic degradation of carbohydrates

A

Fermentation

41
Q

Reduction of nitrates to nitrites or nitrogen gas

A

Dentrification

42
Q

Rod-shaped bacteria curved to form commas

A

Vibrios

43
Q

This statement is true about viral infection

A

Viral infections are self-limiting

44
Q

The heat-stable lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane of gram (-) cell wall that is toxic to the host is known as:

A

Endotoxin

45
Q

The ability of a MO to enter a host, grow, reproduce and spread throughout its body is known

A

Invasiveness

46
Q

The intimate living together of members of 2 different species is known as:

A
  • Mutualism
  • Commensalism
  • Symbiosis
47
Q

Living together of two different organisms or populations

A

Symbiosis

48
Q

Type of symbiosis that benefits both organisms

A

Mutualism

49
Q

A relationship where one benefits and the other is neither benefited nor harm

A

Commensalism

50
Q

Dengue virus vector

A

Aedes aegypti

51
Q

Plastics that can be decomposed by MO are said to be

A

Biodegradable

52
Q

Something that can be used for the same or different purpose

A

Recyclable

53
Q

Causative agent for malaria

A

Plasmodium falciparum

54
Q

Vector for malaria

A

Anopheles mosquito

55
Q

Causes ringworm infection with whitish patches on human skin

A

Malasseria furfur

56
Q

Chronic superficial fungal infection that manifests as hypo or hyper pigmented areas in the skin

A

Pityriasis versicolor aka tinea versicolor

57
Q

The causative agent of pneumonia acquired by inhalation from air conditioners

A

Legionella pneumophilia

58
Q

Non communicable disease

A

Tetanus

59
Q

Readily transmittable, able to pass from one person, animal or organism to another

A

Communicable disease

60
Q

Communicable diseases

A
  • Measles
  • Pneumonia
  • Hepatitis
61
Q

Zoonotic diseases

A
  • Leptospirosis
  • Anthrax
  • Brucellosis
62
Q

Hansen’s disease is caused by

A

Mycobacterium leprae

63
Q

Causative agent of tuberculosis

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

64
Q

True about moist heat sterilization

A
  • makes use of an autoclave
  • coagulation of proteins; hydrogen bond breakage
  • makes use of steam under pressure
  • can kill both vegetative cells and spores
65
Q

Cellular structure equated for drug resistance

A

Capsule

66
Q

Bacterial genes responsible for drug resistance are

A
  • R plasmids

* Transposons

67
Q

Small segments of DNA which can move from one region of a DNA molecule to another

A

Transposons

68
Q

Plasmid found in the donor cell in the bacterial conjugation. It has several genes that code for the formation and aid in donor attachment of the sex pili

A

F plasmid or fertility factor

69
Q

Carry genes that confer upon host cell resistance to antibiotics, heavy metals or cellular toxins

A

R plasmid or resistance factor

70
Q

Group of MO that can be transmitted to humans by animal vector like insects.
Small, G (-), rod to coccoid-shaped bacterium.
Requires an arthropod vector, except for Q fever.

A

Rickettsia

71
Q

1st chemotherapeutic agent scientifically discovered and evaluated

A

Salvarsan
— Paul Ehrlich
— arsenic derivative effective against syphilis

72
Q

Thioglycollate agar is an example of

A

Anaerobic media

73
Q

Used for the culture of anaerobes.

These media contain ingredients ta chemically combine w/ dissolved oxygen and deplete oxygen in the culture medium.

A

Reducing media or anaerobe media

74
Q

Intended to suppress the growth of unwanted microbes and encouraged the growth of the desired ones.

A

Selective media

75
Q

Similar to selective media but it is designed to increase the number of desired microbes to detectable levels.

A

Enrichment media

76
Q

Used to differentiate colonies of desired microbes from others

A

Differential media

77
Q

Chemical agent that kills the vegetative forms of pathogenic MO but not necessarily the spores

A

Disinfectant

78
Q

Used for the disinfection of the skin or mucous membranes

A

Antiseptic

79
Q

Chemical used for the removal of microbes from eating utensils and food preparation areas

A

Sanitizer

80
Q

Substance capable of killing MO

A

Germicide or Biocide

81
Q

Example of ionizing radiation

A

X-ray

82
Q

Best example of non-ionizing radiation

A

UV light

83
Q

Primary site of Electron transport system in eukaryotes

A

Mitochondria

84
Q

Powerhouse of the cell responsible for most energy producing reactions.

A

Mitochondria

85
Q

Responsible for protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

86
Q

Control center of eukaryotic cell that contains genetic material

A

Nucleus

87
Q

Part of the cell that suspends other cell structure like organelles

A

Cytoplasm

88
Q

Organism with atypical cell walls

A

Mycoplasma

Mcrbly nd Pblc Hlth (10 decks)

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