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Mcrbly nd Pblc Hlth > Parasites > Flashcards

Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

Biological Relationship

A
  • Symbiosis
  • Commensalism
  • Mutualism
  • Parasite/ Parasitism
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2
Q

Living together of 2 different organisms

A

Symbiosis

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3
Q

1 benefits w/o harming the other

A

Commensalism

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4
Q

Both benefits

A

Mutualism

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5
Q

1 benefits; harms the other

A

Parasite/ Parasitism

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6
Q

– Lives OUTSIDE the host

– E.g: Ticks, Leeches, Mites

A

Ectoparasites

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7
Q

Hosts

A
  • Definitive/ Primary Host
  • Internediate/ Secondary Host
  • Paratenic Host
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8
Q
  • Host where parasite sexual matures

- reproduces SEXUALLY

A

Definitive/ Primary Host

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9
Q
  • Host where sexually immature forms of parasite develop

- reproduces ASEXUALLY

A

Intermediate/ Secondary Host

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10
Q
  • For support

- ✖️for development

A

Paratenic Host

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11
Q
  • Lives INSIDE the host
  • E.g: Malaria, tapeworms
  • ✖️ Vaccines/ Prophylaxis
  • Affect young & underprivileged
  • Marked eosinophilia during infection
A

Endoparasite

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12
Q

Protozoa

A
  • Entamoeba histolitica
  • Giardia lambdia
  • Cyclospora cayetanensis
  • Trichomonas vaginalis
  • Toxoplasma gandii
  • Leishmaniasis
  • Malaria
  • Babesia spp
  • Trypanosomiasis
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13
Q

– Trophozoite (feeding stage) — Cyst (infective stage)
– bloody diarrhea/ amoebic dysentery
– ✔️ leave GITS
– Transmission: Feco-oral
– Dx: Fecalysis — Charcot Leyden crystals
– Pathology: Flask-Shaped ulcers in colon

A

Entamoeba histolitica

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14
Q

Tx for Entamoeba histolitica

A
  • Metronidazole: Symptomatic
  • Iodoquinol
  • Paromomycin
  • Diloxanide furoate
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15
Q

– Similar morphology to E. hystolitica
– less pathogenic
– ✖️ Hematophagocytic (✖️ingest RBCs)

A

Entamoeba dispar

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16
Q 
– tear-drop shaped trophozoites
– Giardiasis/ Leningrand's Curse
– Transmission: Feco-oral
– Dx: Entero string test
– Tx: Metronidazole
A

Giardia lambdia

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17
Q

Tx for Giardia lambdia

A

Metronidazole

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18
Q

– Foul smelling greasy stools
– Steatorrhea
– Gassy abdominal distention

A

Giardiasis/ Leningrand’s Curse

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19
Q

– Traveller’s diarrhea in endemic areas

– Transmission: Contaminated 🍏🍎🍐 and 🍆🍑🍍

A

Cyclospora cayetanensis

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20
Q 
– STI
– Flagellated protozoan
– Trichomoniasis
– Dx: Strawberry cervix
– Tx: Metronidazole
A

Trichomonas vaginalis

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21
Q

Tx for Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Metronidazole

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22
Q 
– Toxoplasmosis
– Definitive: 🐩😺
– Transmission: Sporulated oocyst from 😺💩
– S/Sx: Lymphadenopathy
             Encephalitis
             Seizures
             Blindness
A

Toxoplasma gandii

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23
Q

– L. mexicana: New World
– L. chagasi: New World
– L. braziliensi: New World
– L. tropica: OLD World

– Vector: Sandfly
– Dx: Montenegro Skin Test
– Tx: Stibogluconate

A

Leishmaniasis

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24
Q

Manifestations of Leishmaniasis

A
  • Cutaneous
  • Mucocutaneous
  • Visceral
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25
Q

— L. tropica, L. mexicana

i. Simple = Tuberculoid lepray-like
ii. Diffuse = Lepromatus leprosy-like (Poor immune system)

A

Cutaneous

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26
Q

L. brazilensis

A

Mucocutaneous

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27
Q

— L. donovani

  • “Kala-azar”
  • manifestations: hepatospleanomegaly
A

Visceral

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28
Q

– Vector: Female Anopheles mosquito
– Features: Regular febrile paroxysms
Chills, sweating, hepatosplenomegaly

A

Malaria

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29
Q

Clinical Malaria Paroxysms

A
  • Cold Stage
  • Hot Stage
  • Sweating Stage
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30
Q

– Shivering, Vasoconstriction

– 15 mins

A

Cold Stage

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31
Q

– Fever, palpitation, HA

–2-6 hrs

A

Hot Stage

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32
Q

– Defervescence

– 2-4 hrs

A

Sweating Stage

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33
Q

Life Cycle

A
  • Sporozoite
  • Merozoite
  • Trophozoite
  • Gametocyte
  • Hypnozoiteh
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34
Q

– Infective stage to HUMANS

A

Sporozoite

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35
Q

– Exoerythrocytic stage/ stage in liver of tissues

A

Merozoite

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36
Q

– Erythrocytic stage/ RBC stage (growing stage)

A

Trophozoite

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37
Q

– Intective stage to MOSQUITO

A

Gametocyte

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38
Q

– Dormant liver stage

A

Hypnozoite (P. vivax; P. ovale)

39
Q 
– Malignant tertian malaria
– ✔️ 🇵🇭
– Infects both mature and young RBCs 
– crescent-shape gametocytes
– RBC stippling: Maurer's dots 
– Mature trophozoites are RARELY seen in Peripheral Blood Smear
A

P. falciparum

40
Q

– Quartan Malaria
- spike in 1st and 4th day
– MATURE RBCs
– RBC stippling: Ziemann’s Dots

A

P. malariae

41
Q

DOC for P. ovale

A

Co-Artem

42
Q 
– Benign Tertian Malaria
   - spike in 1st and 3rd day
– most widespread
– prefer YOUNG RBCs
- RBC stippling: Schuffner's dots
A

P. vivax

43
Q

– Benign Tertian Malaria
– RBC stippling: Jame’s dots
– Dx: Thick & Thin Film preparation
– Protective factors: G6PD
Sickle cell anemia
Thallassemia
- DOC: Co-Artem

A

P. ovale

44
Q

Benign Tertian Malaria

A

– P. vivax

– P. ovale

45
Q

PNEMONICS

A

Vilma Santos
Manila Zoo
Orange Juice
Francis Magalona

46
Q

– Malaria like infection
– Vector: Tick
– Babesiosis — ✖️ febrile paroxysms

  • B. microti
  • B. divergensis

– Dx: Maltese Cross

A

Babesia spp.

47
Q

• T. cruzi
• T. brucei gambiense
T. brucei rhodiense

A

Trypanosomiasis

48
Q

– Chagas disease
– Vector: Triatoma/ Kissing bug
– (+) Romana Sign — Unilateral periorbital swelling
– (+) Chagoma — inflammation at bite site

A

T. cruzi

49
Q

Tx for T. cruzi

A

Nifurtimox

50
Q

– Africa Sleeping sickness
– Vector: Glossina/ Tsetse Fly
– (+) Winterbottom — swelling of lymph nodes at the back of the neck

A
  • T. brucei gambiense

* T. brucei rhodiense

51
Q

Helminths

A
  • Nematodes
  • Trematodes
  • Cestodes
52
Q

Nematode

A
  • Ascaris
  • Hookworm
  • Strongyloides
  • Trichinellosis
  • Whipworm
  • Enterobiasis
  • Blood & Tissue Nematodes
53
Q 
– CA: Ascaris lumbricoides AKA Giant Intestinal roundworm
– MOT: Ingestion of eggs
– CM: abdominal cramps
           dry cough
           malnutrition
A

Ascaris

54
Q

Tx for Ascaris

A
  • Albendazole

* Mebendazole

55
Q

– CA: Necator americanus aka NEW World Hookworm
Ancylostoma duodenale aka OLD World Hookworm
– MOT: direct penetration of the skin
– CM: Iron-deficiency anemia

A

Hookworm

56
Q

Tx for Hookworm

A
  • Albendazole

* Mebendazole

57
Q

– CA: Strongyloides stercolaris aka Threadworm
– MOT: Direct penetration
– CM: Massive autoinfection

A

Strongyloides

58
Q

Tx/ DOC for Strongyloides

A

Ivermectin

59
Q

– CA: Trichinella spiralis
– MOT: Ingestion of eggs
– CM: muscle aches
migration into the heart and CNS

A

Trichinellosis

60
Q

Tx for Trichinellosis

A

Mebendazole

61
Q

– CA: Trichuros trichuria
– MOT: Iingestion of eggs
– CM: diarrhea
abdominal pain

A

Whipworm

62
Q

Tx for Whipworm

A
  • Albendazole

* Mebendazole

63
Q

– CA: Enterobius vermicularis aka Human Pinworm
– MOT: Ingestion of eggs
– CM: Severe perianal itching
– Dx: Scotch Tape Swab Test

A

Enterobiasis

64
Q

Tx/ DOC for Enterobiasis

A

Pyrantel pamoate

65
Q

Tx/ Alt for Enterobiasis

A
  • Albendazole

* Mebendazole

66
Q

Blood and Tissue Nematodes

A
  • Onchocerca volvulus
  • Filariasis
  • Loa-Loa
67
Q

– V: Blackfly

– CM: Rover blindness

A

Onchocerca volvulus

68
Q

Tx/DOC for Onchocerca volvulus

A

Ivermectin

69
Q

– CA: Wuchureria bancrofti
Brugia malayi
– Elephantiasis

A

Filariasis

70
Q

DOC for Filariasis

A

Diethylcarbamazine

71
Q

Flukes/ Trematodes

A
  • Intestinal Flukes
  • Liver flukes
  • Lung flukes
  • Blood flukes
72
Q

Intestinal flukes

A

Fasciolopsis buski

73
Q

– Giant INTESTINAL fluke

– Ingestion of raw snail

A

Fasciolopsis buski

74
Q

Liver flukes

A
  • Fasciola hepatica
  • Clonorchis sinesis
  • Opistochis spp.
75
Q

– Giant LIVER fluke

– Ingerstion of watercress

A

Fasciola hepatica

76
Q

Small liver fluke

A

Chlonorcis sinensis

77
Q

Oriental LIVER fluke

A

Opistochis spp

78
Q

Lung flukes

A

Paragonimus westermani

79
Q

– Ingestion of Raw Crabs

– Pulmonary

A

Paragonimus westermani

80
Q

Blood flukes

A
  • S. japonicum
  • S. mansoni
  • S. haemotobium
81
Q

– Oriental BLOOD fluke

– Lateral knob

A

S. japonicum

82
Q

– Lateral spine

A

S. mansoni

83
Q

– Urinary Schistomiasis

– Terminal spine

A

S. haemotobium

84
Q

Tx for Schistomiasis

A

Praziquantel

85
Q

Cestodes

A
  • Taenia solium
  • Taenia saginata
  • Diphyllobothrium latum
  • Hymenolepis nana
86
Q

– Pork Tapeworm

– CM: Neurocystercosis

A

Taenia sollum

87
Q

Tx for Taenia sollum

A
  • Praziquantel

* Albendazole

88
Q

– Beef tapeworm
– CM: Abdominal pain
Diarrhea
Weight loss

A

Taenia saginata

89
Q

Tx for Taenia saginata

A

Praziquantel

90
Q

– Fish tapeworm

– Capillaria Philippinensis

A

Diphyllobotrium latum

91
Q

Tx for D. latum

A

Praziquantel

92
Q

– Dwarf tapeworm

A

Hymenolepis nana

93
Q

Tx for Dwarf tapeworm

A

Praziquantel

Mcrbly nd Pblc Hlth (10 decks)

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