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Mcrbly nd Pblc Hlth > Bacteria > Flashcards

Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Gram (+) Cocci

A
  • Staphylococcus spp.

* Streptococcus spp.

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2
Q

– Tetrads/ clusters
– Catalase (+): Bubbling
– Oxidase (-)
– RESISTANT to Bacitracin

A

Staphyloccocus spp.

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3
Q

– Coagulase (+)
– BAP: Yellow Colonies
– CNA (+)
- DNase (+)

A

Staph. aureus

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4
Q

– Coagulase (-)
– BAP: White Colonies
– DNase (-)

A

Staph. epidermidis

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5
Q

– Coagulase (-)
– DNase (-)
– RESISTANT to Novobiocin

A

Staph. saprohyticus

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6
Q

– In chains
– Catalase (-)
– SUSCEPTIBLE to Bacitracin

A

Streptoccocus spp.

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7
Q

Alpha hemolysis

A
  • Partial

- Green

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8
Q

Beta Hemolysis

A
  • Complete

- Colorless

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9
Q

Gamma Hemolysis

A

No change

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10
Q

– Group A
– Beta hemolysis
– Protein M

A

Strep. pyogenes

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11
Q

Strawberry Tongue

A

Scarlet Fever

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12
Q

Most serious sequelae

A

Rheumatic fever

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13
Q

Tx for Rheumatic Fever

A

Pen G

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14
Q
  • Group B
  • Beta hemolytic
  • Neonatal sepsis and meningitis
A

Strep. agalactiae

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15
Q
  • Group D

- Gamma hemolysis

A

Strep. bovis

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16
Q
  • Alpha hemolytic

- Bacterial endocarditis from oral microtrauma

A

Strep. mutans

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17
Q

Most common cause of CAP, Otitis media

A

Strep. pneumoniae

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18
Q

Gram (-) Coccobacilli

A
  • Haemophilus
  • Bordetella
  • Brucella
  • Fanciscella
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19
Q

Most common cause of meningitis

A

Encapsulated H. infulenza

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20
Q

2nd most common cause of otitis media

A

Nonencapsulated H. influenza

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21
Q

Brazilian purpuric fever

A

H. aegypticus

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22
Q

STI

A

H. ducreyi

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23
Q
  • Aerobes
  • Pearl-like colonies
  • Whooping Cough/ Pertussis
  • Vaccine: DPT
A

Bordetella

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24
Q
  • Catalase (-)
  • Oxidase (-)
  • Fetal Bovine Tissue
  • Brucellosis (contact w/ infected milk)
A

Brucella

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25
Q
  • weakly catalase (-)
  • Biovar tularensi
  • Biovar paleartica
A

Franciscella

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26
Q

Tularemia

A

DOC: Streptomycin

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27
Q

Gram (-) Cocci

A
  • Neisseria

* Chlamydia

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28
Q
  • Diplococcus
  • Kidney-shaped
  • Reservoir: Humans
  • Encapsulated
  • Found in neutrophils/ Polynuclear cells
A

Neisseria

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29
Q
  • Faculatative anaerobe
  • Only PILIATED bacteria — virulent
  • Contains: LOS, IgA protease
A

N. gonorrhea

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30
Q

Most common symptom of N. gonorrhea

A

Pus/ Purulent discharge

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31
Q

Tx for Gonococcal Ophthalmia Neonatorum

A
  • AgNO3

* Erythromycin

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32
Q

Meningococcemia

A

N. meningitidis

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33
Q
  • Obligate intracellular parasites

- X flagella, X pili

A

Chlamydia

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34
Q
  • Clear discharge
  • STI
  • “The Clap”
  • “Chlamydia”
  • Latent infection
A

C. trachomatis

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35
Q
  • Psitacoccossis
  • Inhalation of feces from infected insects
  • 🦅 to 🙍🏻 transmission
A

C. psitacci

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36
Q
  • Taiwan Acute Respiratory Syndrome
  • Atypical Pneumonia
  • 💁🏻 to 🙍🏻 transmission
A

S. pneumoniae

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37
Q

Gram (-) Bacilli Enterobacteria

A
  • E. Coli
  • Shigella dysentirae
  • Salmonella typhi
  • Opportunistic Enterobacteria
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38
Q
  • Most of normal flora (GIT)

- Facultative Anaerobe

A

Gram (-) Bacilli Enterobacteria

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39
Q

Non lactose fermenters

— colorless (EMB)

A
  • Yersinia
  • Shigella
  • Salmonella
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40
Q

Lactose Fermenters

— Pink (EMB)

A
  • Citrobacter
  • Enterobacter
  • Escherichia
  • Klebsiella
  • Serratia
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41
Q
  • Most common cause of UTI
  • Toxins
    — Heat-stable toxin: ⬆️cGMP
    — Heat-labile toxin: ⬆️ cAMP (more toxin)
  • Gastroenteritis
  • Ingested contaminated food/ H2O
A

E. coli

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42
Q
  • Traveller’s diarrhea

- Montezuma’s revenge

A

Enterotoxigenic — ETEC

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43
Q
  • Identical to Shigella Shigellosis
A

Enteroinvasive — EIC

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44
Q
  • InPhant diarrhea
A

Enterohepatic — EPEC

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45
Q
  • Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome
A

Enterohemmorrhagic — EHEC

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46
Q
  • Persistent Infant diarrhea
A

Enteroaggresive — EAEC

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47
Q
  • Shigellosis
  • Shiga Toxin
  • Feco-Oral transmission
A

Shigella dysentirae

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48
Q
  • Typhoid fever

- Feco-oral: Ingestion of contaminated food&/ H2O

A

Salmonella typhi

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49
Q

Opportunistic Enterobacteria

A
  • Klebsiella pneumonia
  • Citrobacter
  • Enterobacter
  • Proteus spp
  • Serratia
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50
Q

Friedlander’s bacillus

A

K. pneumonia

51
Q

Associated with UTI

A
  • Citrobacter

* Enterobacter

52
Q
  • Share an antigen w/ Rickettsia
  • Well-Felix test
    — ID Test for Rickettsial antobodies
A

Proteus spp.

53
Q

Nosocomial infections

A

Serratia

54
Q

Other Gran (-) Bacilli

A 
• Vibrio spp.
• Campylobacter spp.
• Helicobacyter pylori
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Others
   – K. granulomatis
   – Gardnerella vaginitis
   – Yersinia
55
Q
  • Comma shaped
  • Motile ✔️ flagella
  • grow at BASIC pH
  • WATERY diarrhea
  • YELLOW: TCBS
A

V. cholera

56
Q

Tx for watery diarrhea

A

– rehydration

– Doxycycline to shorten duration of disease

57
Q
  • GREEN: TCBS
  • BLOODY diarrhea
  • Raw fish or shell fish
A

V. parahemolyticus

58
Q
  • BLUE GREEN: TCBS

- Oysters

A

V. vulnificus

59
Q
  • S-shaped/ Gull-wing shaped
  • Skirrow’s medium
  • Bloody diarrhea (re. Shigellosis)
  • Guillan-Barre Syndrome
  • ASCENDING paralysis
A

Campylobacter spp.

60
Q
  • Spiral-shape
  • Motile ✔️flagella
  • Skirrow’s Medium
  • Produces urease w/c neutralizes stomach acid
  • PUD and gastritis
A

Helicobacter pylori

61
Q

Tx for PUD and Chronic gastritis

A

• Triple Therapy
— PPI + Amoxicillin + Clarithromycin
• Quadruple Therapy
— PPI + Bi Salt + Metronidazole + Tetracycline

62
Q
  • Grape-like ketone smell

- Produce H2O-soluble toxin: pyocyanin

A

P. aeruginosa

63
Q
  • Donovanosis
  • STI
  • “Donovan bodies”
A

K. granulomatis

64
Q
  • Vaginitis

- (+) clue cells

A

Gardnerella vaginitis

65
Q

Bubonic plague/ Black death

A

Yersinia pestis

66
Q

Diarrhea

A

Yersinia enterolitica

67
Q

Spore Forming Gram (+) Bacilli

A
  • Clostridium

* Bacillus

68
Q
  • Anaerobic

- Swollen appearance

A

Clostridium

69
Q
  • Most aggressive
  • ID Test: Nagler reaction
  • Clostridial food poisoning
  • Clostridial myanecrosis
A

Clostridium perfringes

70
Q

Severe watery diarrhea

A

Clostridial food poisoning

71
Q
  • Gas gangrene
  • Necrosis of muscle tissue
  • Wound comes in contact w/ contaminated soil
  • Clostridium perfringes alpha toxin
A

Clostridial myanecrosis

72
Q
  • Normal flora
  • Pseudomembranous colitis
  • Associated w/ CHRONIC ANTIBIOTIC USE
A

C. difficile

73
Q
  • Tetanus

- “Sardonic Smile”

A

C. tetani

74
Q

Manifestations of Tetanus

A

S O S
– Spastic paralysis
– Opisthotonos
– Sardonic smile

75
Q
  • Toxin

- Blocks inhibitory NT (GABA, Glycine)

A

Tetanospasmin

76
Q
  • Botulinum toxin
A

C. Botulinum

77
Q

MOA of Botulinum Toxin

A

Blocks ACh release = FLACCID paralysis

78
Q

Bacillus

A
  • Bacillus subtilis - model organism
  • Bacillus cereus - reheated rice
  • Bacillus anthracis - biologic welfare
79
Q
  • Most common

- Localized inflammed black necrotic tissue; Eschar

A

Cutaneous

80
Q
  • Rare

- Highly Fatal

A

Pulmonary

81
Q
  • Rare
  • Fatal
  • ingestion of Spores
A

Gastrointestinal

82
Q

Non-Spore Forming Gram (-) Bacilli

A
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  • Listeria monocytogenes
  • Erysipelothrix thuiophatiae
  • Actinomycetes
83
Q
  • Palisade, Chinese character appearance
A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

84
Q

Lab ID for C. diphtheriae

A
  • Loeffler’s agar slant: Babes-ersnt granules
  • BAP: gray colonies
  • Tellurite plate: brown black w/ halo
85
Q
  • Food borne injection
  • Neonatal sepsis & meningitis
  • Tumbling motility
  • Interhalin-Virulence Factor
A

Listeria monocytogenes

86
Q

Lab ID for L. monocytogenes

A

Mueller Hinton Agar: Small round colonies

87
Q
  • Animals: Erysipelas
  • Humans: Erysipeloid
  • Manifestation: Whale/ Seal finger
  • Common in fishermen and fish handlers
A

Erysipelothrix rhuiophatiae

88
Q

Fungus-like bacteria

A

Actinomyces

89
Q

Nocardiosis (pneumonia-like)

A

Nocardia asteroides

90
Q

False mycetoma/ Madua foot

A

Actinomadura madurae

91
Q

Spirochetes

A
  • Treponema
  • Borrelia
  • Leptospira
92
Q
  • “Coiled hair”
  • Corkscrew motion
  • Visualization: Dark field microscopy
  • CA: Syphilis
A

Treponema

93
Q

Nonvenereal

A

Transmission: Casual Contact
• Bejel/ Endemic syphilis
• Yaws
• Pinta

94
Q

Bejel/ Endemic syphilis

A
  • T. pallidum endemicum

- Oral lesions

95
Q

Yaws

A
  • T. pallidum pertenue

- Skin lesions

96
Q

Pinta

A
  • T. carateum

- “Peeling paint” appearance

97
Q

Disease of the blood vessels and perivascular spaces

A

Syphilis

98
Q

1’ Syphilis

A

Hard chancre, painless, self healing

99
Q

2’ Syphilis

A

Mucocutaneous rash and Conylomata acuminata

100
Q

3’ Syphilis

A

Neurosyphilis, aortic aneurysm

101
Q
  • Vertical transmission
  • Saddle nose
  • Hutchinson’s teeth
A

Congenital syphilis

102
Q
  • screening tests

- detect antibodies that are not specifically directed against Treponema

A

Non-treponemal tests
• VDRL
• RPR

103
Q

Treponemal Tests

A
  • FTA- Abs

* MHA-TP

104
Q
  • Relapsing fever/ Borreliosis
  • Vector: Body louse
  • Disease is similar to malaria
A

B. recurrentis

105
Q
  • Lyme disease
  • Vector: Tick
  • Zoonotic: Infection
  • Reservoir: Forest Animals
A

B. burgdorferi

106
Q
  • Leptospirosis
  • 7-day fever: 7 days incubation
    7 days fever
  • Question mark-like appearance
  • Transmitted from infected animals (urine)
  • Broken skin; wadding in flood waters
A

Leptospira

107
Q
  • Acid fast
  • (+)Acid Fast Stain/ Ziehl Neelsen Stain
  • Obligate anaerobes
  • Simple Growth Requirements
A

Mycobacteria

108
Q

Virulence Factors of M. tuberculosis

A
  • Mycolic acid - resistant phagocytosis
  • Sulfatides - X phagosome-lysosome fusion
  • Trehalose dimycolate/Cord factor - X Chemostaxis
109
Q

Lab ID for M. tuberculosis

A
  • Mantoux/ Purified Protein Derivative/ Tuberculin Test
  • Acid fast smears of a 3 consecutive early morning sputum specimen
  • Gold standard: Lowenstein Jensen
110
Q
  • Intracellular bacteria affecting skin and nerves
  • Leprosy/ Hansen’s disease
  • Skin discoloration + hypoesthesia
  • X cultured in vitro
A

M. leprae

111
Q
  • (+) Lepromin Skin Test
  • More benign
  • Paucibacillary
  • Five or less hypopigmented
A

Tuberculoid

112
Q
  • (-) Lepromin Skin Test
  • More severe
  • Multibacillary
  • More than Five
A

Lepromatus

113
Q

Milk of infected cows

A

M. bovis

114
Q

Most common bacterial opportunistic infection

A

M. avium

115
Q

Bacterial Cause of Atypical Pneumonia

A
  • Legionella pneumophilia

* Mycoplasma pneumoniae

116
Q
  • Legionnaire’s disease
  • Water-based disease
  • Convention of American Legion Society
  • Tx: FLUOROQUINOLONES
A

Legionella pneumoniae

117
Q
  • Smallest prokaryote
  • X cell wall
  • Fried egg appearance on Eaton’s Agar
  • Most common symptom: Tracheobronchitis
  • Cause of cessation of ciliary movement
  • Dx: presence of cold agglutinitis
A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

118
Q

Other Bacteria of Medical Importance

A
  • Rickettsia

* Ehrlichia spp

119
Q
  • Associated w/ diff vectors
  • Geographic/ Area specific
  • Dx: Weil-Felix Test
A

Rickettsia

120
Q

i. Epidemic — R. prowazekii = louse (Bill-Zinsser Disease)
ii. Endemic — R. tyflea = flea
iii. Scrub — R. tsutsugamushi = mite

A

Typhus

121
Q

i. Rocky Mountain — R. ricketsii = tick
Spotted fever
ii. Rickettsial pox — R. akari = mite

A

Spotted fever

122
Q

Coxiella burnetti = ticks

A

Q fever

123
Q
  • obligate intracellular parasite
  • Morulae
  • Vector: Ticks
A

Ehrlichia spp.

Mcrbly nd Pblc Hlth (10 decks)

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