Bacteria Flashcards
1
Q
Gram (+) Cocci
A
- Staphylococcus spp.
* Streptococcus spp.
2
Q
– Tetrads/ clusters
– Catalase (+): Bubbling
– Oxidase (-)
– RESISTANT to Bacitracin
A
Staphyloccocus spp.
3
Q
– Coagulase (+)
– BAP: Yellow Colonies
– CNA (+)
- DNase (+)
A
Staph. aureus
4
Q
– Coagulase (-)
– BAP: White Colonies
– DNase (-)
A
Staph. epidermidis
5
Q
– Coagulase (-)
– DNase (-)
– RESISTANT to Novobiocin
A
Staph. saprohyticus
6
Q
– In chains
– Catalase (-)
– SUSCEPTIBLE to Bacitracin
A
Streptoccocus spp.
7
Q
Alpha hemolysis
A
- Partial
- Green
8
Q
Beta Hemolysis
A
- Complete
- Colorless
9
Q
Gamma Hemolysis
A
No change
10
Q
– Group A
– Beta hemolysis
– Protein M
A
Strep. pyogenes
11
Q
Strawberry Tongue
A
Scarlet Fever
12
Q
Most serious sequelae
A
Rheumatic fever
13
Q
Tx for Rheumatic Fever
A
Pen G
14
Q
- Group B
- Beta hemolytic
- Neonatal sepsis and meningitis
A
Strep. agalactiae
15
Q
- Group D
- Gamma hemolysis
A
Strep. bovis
16
Q
- Alpha hemolytic
- Bacterial endocarditis from oral microtrauma
A
Strep. mutans
17
Q
Most common cause of CAP, Otitis media
A
Strep. pneumoniae
18
Q
Gram (-) Coccobacilli
A
- Haemophilus
- Bordetella
- Brucella
- Fanciscella
19
Q
Most common cause of meningitis
A
Encapsulated H. infulenza
20
Q
2nd most common cause of otitis media
A
Nonencapsulated H. influenza
21
Q
Brazilian purpuric fever
A
H. aegypticus
22
Q
STI
A
H. ducreyi
23
Q
- Aerobes
- Pearl-like colonies
- Whooping Cough/ Pertussis
- Vaccine: DPT
A
Bordetella
24
Q
- Catalase (-)
- Oxidase (-)
- Fetal Bovine Tissue
- Brucellosis (contact w/ infected milk)
A
Brucella
25
- weakly catalase (-)
- Biovar tularensi
- Biovar paleartica
Franciscella
26
Tularemia
DOC: Streptomycin
27
Gram (-) Cocci
* Neisseria
| * Chlamydia
28
- Diplococcus
- Kidney-shaped
- Reservoir: Humans
- Encapsulated
- Found in neutrophils/ Polynuclear cells
Neisseria
29
- Faculatative anaerobe
- Only PILIATED bacteria — virulent
- Contains: LOS, IgA protease
N. gonorrhea
30
Most common symptom of N. gonorrhea
Pus/ Purulent discharge
31
Tx for Gonococcal Ophthalmia Neonatorum
* AgNO3
| * Erythromycin
32
Meningococcemia
N. meningitidis
33
- Obligate intracellular parasites
| - X flagella, X pili
Chlamydia
34
- Clear discharge
- STI
- "The Clap"
- "Chlamydia"
- Latent infection
C. trachomatis
35
- Psitacoccossis
- Inhalation of feces from infected insects
- 🦅 to 🙍🏻 transmission
C. psitacci
36
- Taiwan Acute Respiratory Syndrome
- Atypical Pneumonia
- 💁🏻 to 🙍🏻 transmission
S. pneumoniae
37
Gram (-) Bacilli Enterobacteria
* E. Coli
* Shigella dysentirae
* Salmonella typhi
* Opportunistic Enterobacteria
38
- Most of normal flora (GIT)
| - Facultative Anaerobe
Gram (-) Bacilli Enterobacteria
39
Non lactose fermenters
| — colorless (EMB)
* Yersinia
* Shigella
* Salmonella
40
Lactose Fermenters
| — Pink (EMB)
* Citrobacter
* Enterobacter
* Escherichia
* Klebsiella
* Serratia
41
- Most common cause of UTI
- Toxins
— Heat-stable toxin: ⬆️cGMP
— Heat-labile toxin: ⬆️ cAMP (more toxin)
- Gastroenteritis
- Ingested contaminated food/ H2O
E. coli
42
- Traveller's diarrhea
| - Montezuma's revenge
Enterotoxigenic — ETEC
43
- Identical to Shigella Shigellosis
Enteroinvasive — EIC
44
- InPhant diarrhea
Enterohepatic — EPEC
45
- Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome
Enterohemmorrhagic — EHEC
46
- Persistent Infant diarrhea
Enteroaggresive — EAEC
47
- Shigellosis
- Shiga Toxin
- Feco-Oral transmission
Shigella dysentirae
48
- Typhoid fever
| - Feco-oral: Ingestion of contaminated food&/ H2O
Salmonella typhi
49
Opportunistic Enterobacteria
* Klebsiella pneumonia
* Citrobacter
* Enterobacter
* Proteus spp
* Serratia
50
Friedlander's bacillus
K. pneumonia
51
Associated with UTI
* Citrobacter
| * Enterobacter
52
- Share an antigen w/ Rickettsia
- Well-Felix test
— ID Test for Rickettsial antobodies
Proteus spp.
53
Nosocomial infections
Serratia
54
Other Gran (-) Bacilli
```
• Vibrio spp.
• Campylobacter spp.
• Helicobacyter pylori
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Others
– K. granulomatis
– Gardnerella vaginitis
– Yersinia
```
55
- Comma shaped
- Motile ✔️ flagella
- grow at BASIC pH
- WATERY diarrhea
- YELLOW: TCBS
V. cholera
56
Tx for watery diarrhea
– rehydration
| – Doxycycline to shorten duration of disease
57
- GREEN: TCBS
- BLOODY diarrhea
- Raw fish or shell fish
V. parahemolyticus
58
- BLUE GREEN: TCBS
| - Oysters
V. vulnificus
59
- S-shaped/ Gull-wing shaped
- Skirrow's medium
- Bloody diarrhea (re. Shigellosis)
- Guillan-Barre Syndrome
- ASCENDING paralysis
Campylobacter spp.
60
- Spiral-shape
- Motile ✔️flagella
- Skirrow's Medium
- Produces urease w/c neutralizes stomach acid
- PUD and gastritis
Helicobacter pylori
61
Tx for PUD and Chronic gastritis
• Triple Therapy
— PPI + Amoxicillin + Clarithromycin
• Quadruple Therapy
— PPI + Bi Salt + Metronidazole + Tetracycline
62
- Grape-like ketone smell
| - Produce H2O-soluble toxin: pyocyanin
P. aeruginosa
63
- Donovanosis
- STI
- "Donovan bodies"
K. granulomatis
64
- Vaginitis
| - (+) clue cells
Gardnerella vaginitis
65
Bubonic plague/ Black death
Yersinia pestis
66
Diarrhea
Yersinia enterolitica
67
Spore Forming Gram (+) Bacilli
* Clostridium
| * Bacillus
68
- Anaerobic
| - Swollen appearance
Clostridium
69
- Most aggressive
- ID Test: Nagler reaction
- Clostridial food poisoning
- Clostridial myanecrosis
Clostridium perfringes
70
Severe watery diarrhea
Clostridial food poisoning
71
- Gas gangrene
- Necrosis of muscle tissue
- Wound comes in contact w/ contaminated soil
- Clostridium perfringes alpha toxin
Clostridial myanecrosis
72
- Normal flora
- Pseudomembranous colitis
- Associated w/ CHRONIC ANTIBIOTIC USE
C. difficile
73
- Tetanus
| - "Sardonic Smile"
C. tetani
74
Manifestations of Tetanus
S O S
– Spastic paralysis
– Opisthotonos
– Sardonic smile
75
- Toxin
| - Blocks inhibitory NT (GABA, Glycine)
Tetanospasmin
76
- Botulinum toxin
C. Botulinum
77
MOA of Botulinum Toxin
Blocks ACh release = FLACCID paralysis
78
Bacillus
* Bacillus subtilis - model organism
* Bacillus cereus - reheated rice
* Bacillus anthracis - biologic welfare
79
- Most common
| - Localized inflammed black necrotic tissue; Eschar
Cutaneous
80
- Rare
| - Highly Fatal
Pulmonary
81
- Rare
- Fatal
- ingestion of Spores
Gastrointestinal
82
Non-Spore Forming Gram (-) Bacilli
* Corynebacterium diphtheriae
* Listeria monocytogenes
* Erysipelothrix thuiophatiae
* Actinomycetes
83
- Palisade, Chinese character appearance
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
84
Lab ID for C. diphtheriae
* Loeffler's agar slant: Babes-ersnt granules
* BAP: gray colonies
* Tellurite plate: brown black w/ halo
85
- Food borne injection
- Neonatal sepsis & meningitis
- Tumbling motility
- Interhalin-Virulence Factor
Listeria monocytogenes
86
Lab ID for L. monocytogenes
Mueller Hinton Agar: Small round colonies
87
- Animals: Erysipelas
- Humans: Erysipeloid
- Manifestation: Whale/ Seal finger
- Common in fishermen and fish handlers
Erysipelothrix rhuiophatiae
88
Fungus-like bacteria
Actinomyces
89
Nocardiosis (pneumonia-like)
Nocardia asteroides
90
False mycetoma/ Madua foot
Actinomadura madurae
91
Spirochetes
* Treponema
* Borrelia
* Leptospira
92
- "Coiled hair"
- Corkscrew motion
- Visualization: Dark field microscopy
- CA: Syphilis
Treponema
93
Nonvenereal
Transmission: Casual Contact
• Bejel/ Endemic syphilis
• Yaws
• Pinta
94
Bejel/ Endemic syphilis
- T. pallidum endemicum
| - Oral lesions
95
Yaws
- T. pallidum pertenue
| - Skin lesions
96
Pinta
- T. carateum
| - "Peeling paint" appearance
97
Disease of the blood vessels and perivascular spaces
Syphilis
98
1' Syphilis
Hard chancre, painless, self healing
99
2' Syphilis
Mucocutaneous rash and Conylomata acuminata
100
3' Syphilis
Neurosyphilis, aortic aneurysm
101
- Vertical transmission
- Saddle nose
- Hutchinson's teeth
Congenital syphilis
102
- screening tests
| - detect antibodies that are not specifically directed against Treponema
Non-treponemal tests
• VDRL
• RPR
103
Treponemal Tests
* FTA- Abs
| * MHA-TP
104
- Relapsing fever/ Borreliosis
- Vector: Body louse
- Disease is similar to malaria
B. recurrentis
105
- Lyme disease
- Vector: Tick
- Zoonotic: Infection
- Reservoir: Forest Animals
B. burgdorferi
106
- Leptospirosis
- 7-day fever: 7 days incubation
7 days fever
- Question mark-like appearance
- Transmitted from infected animals (urine)
- Broken skin; wadding in flood waters
Leptospira
107
- Acid fast
- (+)Acid Fast Stain/ Ziehl Neelsen Stain
- Obligate anaerobes
- Simple Growth Requirements
Mycobacteria
108
Virulence Factors of M. tuberculosis
* Mycolic acid - resistant phagocytosis
* Sulfatides - X phagosome-lysosome fusion
* Trehalose dimycolate/Cord factor - X Chemostaxis
109
Lab ID for M. tuberculosis
* Mantoux/ Purified Protein Derivative/ Tuberculin Test
* Acid fast smears of a 3 consecutive early morning sputum specimen
* Gold standard: Lowenstein Jensen
110
- Intracellular bacteria affecting skin and nerves
- Leprosy/ Hansen's disease
- Skin discoloration + hypoesthesia
- X cultured in vitro
M. leprae
111
- (+) Lepromin Skin Test
- More benign
- Paucibacillary
- Five or less hypopigmented
Tuberculoid
112
- (-) Lepromin Skin Test
- More severe
- Multibacillary
- More than Five
Lepromatus
113
Milk of infected cows
M. bovis
114
Most common bacterial opportunistic infection
M. avium
115
Bacterial Cause of Atypical Pneumonia
* Legionella pneumophilia
| * Mycoplasma pneumoniae
116
- Legionnaire's disease
- Water-based disease
- Convention of American Legion Society
- Tx: FLUOROQUINOLONES
Legionella pneumoniae
117
- Smallest prokaryote
- X cell wall
- Fried egg appearance on Eaton's Agar
- Most common symptom: Tracheobronchitis
- Cause of cessation of ciliary movement
- Dx: presence of cold agglutinitis
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
118
Other Bacteria of Medical Importance
* Rickettsia
| * Ehrlichia spp
119
- Associated w/ diff vectors
- Geographic/ Area specific
- Dx: Weil-Felix Test
Rickettsia
120
i. Epidemic — R. prowazekii = louse (Bill-Zinsser Disease)
ii. Endemic — R. tyflea = flea
iii. Scrub — R. tsutsugamushi = mite
Typhus
121
i. Rocky Mountain — R. ricketsii = tick
Spotted fever
ii. Rickettsial pox — R. akari = mite
Spotted fever
122
Coxiella burnetti = ticks
Q fever
123
- obligate intracellular parasite
- Morulae
- Vector: Ticks
Ehrlichia spp.
