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Mcrbly nd Pblc Hlth > Control of MO > Flashcards

Control of MO Flashcards

1
Q

Sourced from MO that can inhibit the growth of other MO

A

Antimicrobials

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2
Q

Penicillin

A

P. nonatum

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3
Q

Griseofulvin

A

P. griseofulvin

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4
Q

Micromonospora

A

Aminoglycosides end with — micin

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5
Q

Streptomycin

A
  • AG end with — mycin

* S. griseus

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6
Q

Vancomycin

A

S. orientalis

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7
Q

Clindamycin

A

S. licolnensis

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8
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

S. venezuelae

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9
Q

Erythromycin

A

S. erythreus

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10
Q

Nystatin

A

S. noursei

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11
Q

Amphotericin B

A

S. nodosus

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12
Q

Bacitracin

A

B. subtilis

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13
Q

Polymyxin B

A

B. polymyxa

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14
Q

Cycolserine

A

S. orchidaceous

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15
Q

Gentamicin

A

Micromonospora spp

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16
Q

– KILLS the pathogen

– All CW synthesis inhibitors

A

Bactericidal

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17
Q

– INHIBITS/ STOPS the growth of pathogens

– All CHON synthesis inhibitors and antimetabolites EXCEPT Aminoglycosides (-cidal)

A

Bacteriostatic

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18
Q

Result of the 2 day testing is equivalent to the most effective drug

A

Autonomous/ Indifferent

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19
Q
  • > 15 mm — susceptible
  • 13-14 mm — intermediate
  • < 13 mm — resistant
A

Zone of Inhibition

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20
Q
  • 1 + 1 = 2
  • B’cidal + B’cidal
  • Amoxicillin + Cefuroxime
A

Addition

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21
Q
  • 1 + 1 = 0
  • B’cidal + B’static
  • Tetracycline + Amoxicillin
A

Antagonism

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22
Q
  • 1 + 1 = 3
  • B’static + B’static
  • Pens + Ag
  • Sulfamethoxazole + Trimthoprim
A

Synergism

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23
Q
  • 1 + 1 = 0

* Pens + B lactamase inhibitors

A

Potentiation

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24
Q

Amoxicillin + Clavulanic Acid

A

Augmentin

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25
Q

Ampicillin + Sulbactam

A

Unasyn

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26
Q

Piperacillin + Tazobactam

A

Tazocin/ Piptaz

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27
Q

Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors

A
  • Beta Lactam Antibiotics
  • Glycopeptides
  • Cycloserine
  • Polypeptide
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28
Q

Beta Lactam Antibiotics

A
  • Penicillins

* Cephalosporins

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29
Q

– MOA: (-) CW synthesis by binding to PBP
– Effective: G (+) infection
– CI: Wall less MO
MO w/ impenetrable CW

A

Beta Lactams

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30
Q

Intracellular Pathogens

A
  • Legionella
  • Brucella
  • Chlamydia
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31
Q

Persistent Strains

A
  • MRSA/ MRSE

* VRSA/ VRSE

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32
Q

DOC for MRSA/ MRSE

A

Vancomycin

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33
Q

DOC for VRSA/ VRSE

A
  • Linezolid

* Streptogramins

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34
Q

AE of Penicillins

A
  • Allergic rxns
  • Anaphylactic rxns
  • Cross-sensitivity
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35
Q

Penicillins

A
  • Natural Penicillins
  • Isoxazoyl Penicillins
  • Extended Spectrum Pens
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36
Q

Natural Penicillins

A
  • Pen G

* Pen V

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37
Q

– Benzyl Penicillin
– IV, IM, parenteral
– DOC: Syphilis

A

Pen G

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38
Q

– Phenoxymethyl Penicillin
– Oral, PO
– DOC: bacterial endocarditis

A

Pen V

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39
Q

– Anti Staphylococcal Pens

  • Methicillin
  • Nafcillin
  • Cloxa
  • Oxa
  • Diclo
A

Isoxazoyl Penicillins

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40
Q

– Prototype
– Methicillin penicillins
– withdrawn — nephrotoxicity

A

Methicillin

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41
Q

Extended Spectrum Pens

— improved activity and penetration into the G (-) bacteria

A
  • Amino
  • Carboxy
  • Ureido
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42
Q

Aminopenicillins

A
  • Ampicillin
  • Amoxicillin
  • Bacampicillin
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43
Q

– Parenteral
– DOC: Shigellosis
Bacterial pneumonia (✖️ vaccine record)

A

Ampicillin

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44
Q

⬆️ Oral BA, PO

A

Amoxicillin

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45
Q

Most effective B-lactam against URTI

A
  • Ampicillin

* Amoxicillin

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46
Q

Carboxypenicillins

A
  • Carbenicillin

* Ticarcillin

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47
Q

Ureidopenicillins

A
  • Piperacillin
  • Mezlocillin
  • Azlocillin
48
Q

– ALL starts with “Ceph”

– EXCEPT “Nafazo si Adro”

A

1st Gen Ceph

49
Q

– ALL starts with “CEF”
– NOTHING ends with “-one” / “-ime”
– EXCEPT: Cefuroxime, Lovacarbef

A

2nd Gen Ceph

50
Q

– ALL starts with “CEF”
– ALL ends in “-one”/ “-ime”
– EXCEPT: Kumain ng dinir na T-bun si Toren at Moxa

A

3rd Gen

51
Q

– Pi

A

4th Gen

52
Q

– Ceftaroline fosamil
– prodrug
– only ceph active against MRSA, MRSE

A

5th Gen

53
Q

– only parenteral
– 1st gen ceph available
– presurgical prophylaxis

A

Cefazolin

54
Q

– tx for CAP (✖️ L. monocytogenes)

A

Cefuroxime

55
Q

– tx of mengitis (✖️ L. monocytogenes)

A
  • Ceftriaxone

* Cefotaxime

56
Q

– tx caused by P. aeruginosa

A

• Cefoperane + Ceftazidime

57
Q

Group of 2nd gen Ceph w/ anaerobic activity

A

• Cephamycins

  • Cefotetan
  • Cefmetazole
  • Cefoxitin
58
Q

Tx of meningococcemia

A

• Ceftriaxone + Cefoxitin

59
Q

Tx of uncomplicated/ complicated gonorrheal urethritis/ cervicitis

A

Cefixime

60
Q

Widest spectrum among B-lactams

A

Carbapenems

61
Q

Examples of Carbapenems

A
  • Imipenem
  • Meropenem
  • Ertapenem
62
Q

Imipenem + Cilastatin

A

Inhibitor of DHP

63
Q

– ✖️ activity to G (+) and anaerobes
– ✔️ aerobic
– G (-) and infection

A

Monobactams

— Aztreonam

64
Q

Glycopeptides

A
  • Vancomycin
  • Teicoplanin
  • Televancin
  • Dalbavancin
65
Q

– MOA: (-) CW by binding to D-ala-D-ala chain
– IV
– DOC: MRSA/ MRSE
– AE: Red Man’s Syndrome

A

Vancomycin

66
Q

– same coverage + MOA of Vancomycin

– IV, IM

A

Teicoplanin

67
Q

– semisynthetic lipoglycopeptide derived from Vancomycin
– MOA: same as Vancomycin
– ⬇️ CM potential of the bacteria

A

Televancin

68
Q

– MOA: (-) Alanine Racemase; D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase

– 2nd lin for M. tuberculosis if resistant to the 1st

A

Cycloserine

69
Q

– Poorly absorbed — topical

– Chem: cyclopeptide, mixed polypeptide

A

Bacitracin

70
Q

Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis

A
  • Inhibitors of 30S Ribosomal Subunit

* Inhibitors of 50S Ribosomal Subunit

71
Q

Inhibitors of 30s subunit

A
  • Tetracycline

* Aminoglycosides

72
Q

– Broad spectrum
– Naphthalene Ring
– MOA: (-) binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the mRNA ribosome complex

A

Tetracycline

73
Q

Ex. of Tetracyclines

A
  • Tetracycline
  • Doxycycline
  • Monocycline
  • Demeclocycline
74
Q

Uses of Tetracyclines

A
  • Widest/ broadest spectrum

* G (+), G(-), spirochetes, mycoplasma

75
Q

AE of tetracyclines

A
  • Hypoplasia of the teeth
  • Phototoxicity — Demeclocycline
  • Ototoxicity — Minocycline
76
Q

– MOA:

  • prevents the formation of initiation complex
  • misreading of mRNA
  • breaks down polysomes into nonfunctional peptides
A

Aminoglycosides

77
Q

Features:

  • Concentration-dependent killing
  • Post antibiotic effect
  • Synergistic effect
A

Streptomyces; Micromonospora

78
Q

Inhibitors of 50s Subunit

A
  • Chloramphenicol
  • Lincosamides
  • Macrolides
  • Oxazolidinones
  • Streptogramins
79
Q 
– SAR: Nitro group
– MOA: Inhibits peptidyl transferase
– AE: Gray Baby Syndrome
         Aplastic anemia
– DOC: Typhoid fever
A

Chloramphenicol

80
Q

Lincosamides

A
  • Lincomycin

* Clindamycin

81
Q

– Sulfur containing abx

– G (+) infx caused by Staph and Strep.

A

Lincomycin

82
Q

– Alt: tx of Toxoplasmosis

– DOC: Anaerobic infxn — above diaphragm

A

Clindamycin

83
Q

– SAR: large lactone ring
– MOA: ✖️ peptide exit tunnel — dissociation if peptidyl tRNA for the ribosome — ✖️protein synthesis
– AE: Abdominal cramps
Jaundice

A

Macrolides

  • Erythromycin
  • Clarithromycin
  • Azithromycin
84
Q

– Ilo-Ilo — Ilotycin

– Alt to px allergic to penicillins

A

Erythromycin

85
Q

– methylated erythromycin
– use: infxn cause by Staph/ Strep
– AE: less abdominal cramping
– more effective for G (+) cocci

A

Clarithromycin

86
Q

– PK: ⬆️ well distibuted
– OD
– AE: Arrhythmia

A

Azithromycin

87
Q

– MOA: Inhibits the 23S if the SU of the 50S SU

– use: VRSA/ VRSE

A

Oxazolidinones

- Linezolid

88
Q

Streptogramin

— use: VRSA/ VRSE

A
  • Streptogramin A — Dalfopristin

* Streptogtamin B — Quinipristin

89
Q

Inhibitors of Nucleic Acid Synthesis

A
  • Quinolones/ Fluoroquinolones

* Rifampicin/ Rifabutin/ Rifamycins

90
Q

– MOA: Inhibits Topoisomerase II and IV
– SAR: Addition of Fluorine (1st Gen)
⬆️ DNA Gyrase Inhibition
⬆️ G(-) spectrum coverage

A

Quinolones/ Fluoroquinolones

91
Q

1st Gen — Nalidixic Acid

A

Limited G(-) sectrum of activity

92
Q

2nd Gen — Ciprofloxacin
Ofloxacin
Norfloxacin

A
  • expanded G (-) activity

- some activity against atypical MO

93
Q

3rd Gen — Levofloxacin

A
  • retain G (-) activity

- expanded activity against atypical MO and G (+)

94
Q

4th Gen — Moxifloxacin

A
  • retain G (-), atypical MO, G (+)

- added anaerobes spectrum of activity

95
Q

– Prophylaxis & tx for anthrax

– tx for uncomplicated UTI

A

Ciprofloxacin

96
Q

Respiratory FQ
L G G N
– tx of URTI & LRTI

A
  • Levo
  • Gem
  • Gatti
  • Moxi
97
Q

Tx of both complicated/ uncomplicated UTI

A

Levofloxacin + Ciprofloxacin

98
Q

– MOA: Inhibition of RNA Polymerase
– tx of PTB — 1st line
Leprosy/ Hansen’s disease
– AE: Red-orange discoloration of body fluids

A

Rifampicin

99
Q

Antimetabolites

A
  • Sulfonamides

* Pyrimethamine/ Trimethoprim

100
Q

– SAR: same structure with PABA
– MOA: ✖️ dihydropteroate sythetase
– AE: SJS, Jaundice
– CI: G6PD

A

Sulfonamides

101
Q

– MOA: ✖️ dihydrofolate reductase

– AE: Megaloblastic Anemia

A

Trimethoprim/ Purimethamine

102
Q

– Sulfanethoxazole + Trimethoprim
– Tx: UTI — Complicated
– DOC: PCP/ PJP

A

Co-trimoxazole

103
Q

– Sulfaduazine + Pyrinethamine

– DOC: Toxoplasmosis

A

Daraprim

104
Q

– Sulfadozine + Pyrimethamine

A

– Chloroquine

– Malaria

105
Q

Antitubercular

A
  • 1st line

* 2nd line

106
Q

First Line

– HRZE

A
  • Rifampicin
  • Isoniazid
  • Pyramzinamide
  • Ethanbutol
107
Q

Mode of tx

A
  • PTB — HRZE/ 4HR

* XPTB — 2HRZE/ 10HR

108
Q 
– MOA: ✖️mycolic acid synthesis
– AE: Peripheral neuritis
– Mx: Vit B6 — Pyridoxal phosphate
– PK: N-acetyltransferase
– Disadvantage: Rapid resistance
– Management: ➕ Ethambutol
A

Isoniazid

109
Q

– most hepatotoxic component
– short term therapy
– AE: Hepatotoxicity

A

Pyrazinamide

110
Q

– Rationale: For fast acetylators
– AE: Optic neuritis
Red green visual disturbance

A

Ethambutol

111
Q

2nd Line

— Extra PTB; CNS

A
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Cycloserine
  • FQ — Levo, Moxi
  • Thionamides
  • P. aminosalicyclic Acid
112
Q

Miscellaneous Agents

A
  • Nitroimidazole

* Urinary Antiseptics

113
Q 
– Anaerobic infxn — below the diaphragm
– DOC: C. difficile P.C
– Protozoan Infxn: T A G
– AE: Metronidazole — metallic taste
           \+ Alcohol = disulfiram like effects
A

Nitroimidazole

  • Metronidazole
  • Tinidazole
114
Q

Urinary antiseptics

A
  • Nitrofurantoin

* Methenamine

115
Q

– Active in ACIDIC agent/ pH

– use: Uncomplicated UTI

A

Nitrofurantoin

116
Q

– prodrug
– converted to formaldehyde (acidic pH)
– methenamine — formaldehyde

A

Methenamine

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