viruses Flashcards
rna that can work as mRNA
+ sense viral RNA
- sense RNA requires ____
virion associated RNA dependent RNAp
naked dna viruses
adeno, papova (o), parvo
naked rna viruses
reo (ds, 12), picorna, calici «_space;+ sense
enveloped dna viruses
pox (brick), herpes, hepadna (o)
enveloped rna viruses
retro, corona, toga, flavi «_space;+ sense
filo, arena (o, 2), bunya (o,3), paramyxo, orthomyxo (8), rhabdo «_space;-sense
latent period
no external virus
eclipse period
no external or internal virus
viral attachment mediated by:
env: env glycoproteins
naked: surface proteins
hiv viral receptor
CD4
hiv target cell
Th cells, macrophages, microglia
ebv receptor
CD21 = CR2
ebv target cell
b lymphocytes
reovirus receptor
beta adrenergic receptor
reovirus target
neurons
rabies receptor
acetylcholine
rabies target cell
neuron
immune response to naked viruses
antibody
immune response to enveloped viruses
antibody and cell-mediated
3 modes of viral entry
receptor mediated endocytosis, coated pits, fusion proteins
which strand is template for mrna? dna
- strand of genome
which strand is template for mrna? +rna (retroviruses)
mrna from ds negative dna template
which strand is template for mrna? +rna
acts as mrna to make rnap which makes -rna which is template for more +rna
which strand is template for mrna? -rna
template for +mrna
intermediate replicative: hep b
ssrna –> DNA polymerase (Rna dependent)
intermediate replicative: +ssRNA
-ssRNA
intermediate replicative: +ssRNA retrovirus
dsDNA
intermediate replicative: -ssRNA
+ssRNA
intermediate replicative: dsDNA
nothing except for hep b which uses a ssRNA
persistent productive infection from a naked virus
none –> only cytolytic or latent infection
essential component for env viral infectivity
glycoproteins on envelope
rare late complication of measles
sspe
infection type: lysis of host cell
cytolytic - mostly naked
infection type: senescence of cell
persistent productive
infection type: no damage
persistent latent w/o viral production
infection type: immortalization
transforming w/w/o viral production
moa of interferons in viral interference
inhibit replication via action on target cells –> activation of rna endonuclease which digests viral rna; activation/phosphorylation of pk that inactivates eIF2
killed vaccines
rest in peace always: rabies, influenza, polio (salk) , hep a
live vaccines
mmr, vzv, adeno, polio (sabin), small pox, yellow fever
active immunization-component vaccine
hep b
dx hep a acute
igm hav
mortality hep a
<.5%
transmission hep a
fecal-oral
family features hep a
picorna; rna naked
family features hep b
hepadna: dna env
family features hep c
flavi: rna env
family features hep d
circular, env
family features hep e
calici: rna, naked
mortality hep b
2%
mortality hep c
1%
mortality hep d
high
mortality hep e
pregnant 20, normal 2%
dx acute hep b
hbsag, igm hbcag
dx hep c
ab to hcv, elisa
dx hep d
hep d ab, hbsag
dx hep c
ab to hev, elisa
dane particle
infections hbv
window period of hbv
end of hbsag and start of hbsab
first hep b antibody to appear
igm hbcab
hbv e antigen suggests
low risk of transmission
ssdna virus
parvo - all others are ds
all dna viruses are of ____ shape except ____ which is
icosahedral except pox which is brick shaped complex
all dna viruses replicate dna in ____ except ___
nucleus except pox
which dna viruses have a virion associated polymerase?
hepadna –> needs dna polymerase to make a -rna template
pox –> needs dna dependent RNAp to make dna in cytoplasm
what does it mean that hep b is ds
partially ds with one complete strand
what family/what dna? b19
parvo, SS dna, naked
what family/what dna? papilloma/polyoma
papova, dna, naked
what family/what dna? adeno
adeno, dna, naked
what family/what dna? hsv, vzv, ebv, cmv
herpes, dna env –> nuclear origin
what family/what dna? variola, vaccinia, molluscum
pox, dna, env, made in cytoplasm, brick shaped complex (not icosahedral), has dna dependent rnap
hep b
hepadna, circular ds dna, env with dnap
aplastic crisis in sickle cell
parvo virus b19
hydrops fetalis
parvo virus b19
koilocytes
hpv - papova
cervical cancer
hpv 16, 18 - papova
renal disease in immunosuppressed
bk virus - polyoma
pml
jc virus - polyoma
hexons, penton bases, and fibers
adeno - fibers bind to host cell receptors and act as hemagglutins
shipyard conjunctivitis
adeno
military ard and pneumonia outbreak
adeno 4, 7, 21
adeno vaccine
live, non attenuated 4, 7, 21 by enteric-coated capsules
infantile diarrhea adeno
40, 41
hsv latency in ___ cells
neurons
ebv latency in ____ cells
b
why is acyclovir only effective in herpes cells
herpes thymidine kinase is required to activate it; inhibits only herpes polymerase, leaving host polymerase functioning
intranuclear inclusion bodies
herpes
nuclear membrane envelope
herpes- -> assembled in nucleus
trigeminal root ganglion
hsv1
rbc in csf
hsv1 meningoencephalitis –> csf pcr, acyclovir
sacral nerve ganglion
hsv2
dorsal root ganglia
vzv
heterophile +
ebv
atypical reactive t lymphocytes
downey type ii cells –> ebv
heterophile antibodies cross react with ____
paul bunnel antigen on shep
3 cancers associated with ebv
burkitt, thymus, nasopharyngeal
owls eyes
cmv –> basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies w/smaller eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies
herpes infecting fibroblasts
cmv
roseola
herpes 6
kaposi cofactor
herpes 8
virus coded lipid on surface
pox
guarnieri bodies
intracytoplasmic inclusions in smallpox - variola
immunogen in smallpox vaccine
vaccinia
oval eosinophlic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies
molluscum
helical rna viruses
corona (+ sense)
all the negative sense except for rhabdo (bullet)
bullet shaped rna virus
rhabdo
norwalk agent
calici
hep e
calici
polio
picorna
echo
picorna
entero
picorna
rhino
picorna
coxsackie
picorna
hep a
picorna
yellow fever
flavi
dengue
flavi
st louis
flavi
hep c
flavi
rubella
toga
wee, eee
toga
hiv
retro
htlv
retro
sarcoma
retro
mumps
paramyxo
measles
paramyxo
rsv
paramyxo
paraflu
paramyxo
rabies
rhabdo
marburg
filo
ebola
filo
influenza
orthomyxo
hanta
bunya
lassa
arena
lymphocytic choriomeningitis
arena
surface protein binds sialic acid
hemagluttin (N acetylneuraminic acid receptor)
clips sialic acid, releasing virus
neuraminidase
anterior horn
polio
live polio vaccine
sabin - oral -best gut immunity
killed polio vaccine
salk - injectible
hand foot mouth
coxsackie a
myocarditis, IDDM in children, bornholm’s disease
coxsackie b
old person with hypertension and mosquito bite
st louis encephalitis
liver, kidney, heart + mosquito bite
yellow fever
hemorrhagic shock in child who previously had break bone disease
dengue –> breakbone is mild version with rash/joint pain –> immune enhancement of entry to macrophages on second infection
crown appearance
coronavirus
c type particle
htlv –> centrally located electron dense nucleocapsid
components of hiv virion
two copies of ss+RNA, rna dependent DNAp, integrase, protease,
all viruses are haploid except
retroviruses = 2x ssrna
all rna viruses replicate in cytoplasm except
influenza and retro
gp350 binds
c3d –> cr2=cd21
cowdry a inclusions
hsv intranuclear inclusions
f protein
surface fusion protein in paramyxoviruses (infect children - measles, mumps, rsv, paraflu) –> causes resp cells to fuse into multinucleated cells
palivizumab
mab against f protein in paramyxoviruses - rsv
rash diff between measles and rubella
hands and feet included in measles
negri bodies
rabies- rhabdo -ssRNA w/env
purkinje cells of cerebellum
rabies
oncogenic hepatitis
b
SECES
hep b in order of appearance: surface antigen e antigen core antibody e antibody surface antibody
gp120
attachment to cd4
gp41
fusion and entry hiv
gag
capsid protein hiv
env of hiv
gp 120 and gp41
ccr5 vs cxcr4
ccr5 is early binding, cxcr4 late coreceptor
homozygous ccr5
immune from hiv
dx of hiv
elisa (sensitive) then western blot (specific); then pcr for viral load
why are hiv tests + in infants of infected mothers
anti-gp120 crosses placenta
HIV patient: oval yeast, cd4<100
histo
HIV patient: pseudohyphae, cd4<400
candida - thrush
HIV patient: pseudohyphae, cd4<100
esophageal thrush
HIV patient: neutrophilic inflammation in vessel
bartonella henselae –> bacillary angiomatosis
HIV patient: acid fast cyst cd4<200
crypto
HIV patient: demyelination; pml cd4<200
jc virus
HIV patient: ring enhancing lesions CD4<100
toxo
HIV patient: india ink yeast CD4<50
crypto
HIV patient: cotton wool spots + esophagitis, CD4< 50
cmv
HIV patient: lymphocytic inflammation in vessel
hhv8 - kaposi’s
HIV patient: lateral tongue
hairy leukoplakia - ebv
HIV patient: waldeyer’s ring
large cell NHL EBV
HIV patient: tb like disease
mai cd4<50
HIV patient: hemoptysis
aspergillus fumigatus
HIV patient: pneumonia cd4<200
pcp
warfin-finkeldy cells
measles (rubeola) giant cell pneumonia
hpv e6 inactivates
p53
hpv e7 inactivates
p110
prion - cannibalism
kuru
prion - cow
cjd
prion - sheep
scrapie
prion - familial
fatal familial insomnia or gerstmann straussler
hbv/hdv is an example of
complementation
