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viruses Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

rna that can work as mRNA

A

+ sense viral RNA

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2
Q
  • sense RNA requires ____
A

virion associated RNA dependent RNAp

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3
Q

naked dna viruses

A

adeno, papova (o), parvo

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4
Q

naked rna viruses

A

reo (ds, 12), picorna, calici &laquo_space;+ sense

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5
Q

enveloped dna viruses

A

pox (brick), herpes, hepadna (o)

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6
Q

enveloped rna viruses

A

retro, corona, toga, flavi &laquo_space;+ sense

filo, arena (o, 2), bunya (o,3), paramyxo, orthomyxo (8), rhabdo &laquo_space;-sense

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7
Q

latent period

A

no external virus

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8
Q

eclipse period

A

no external or internal virus

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9
Q

viral attachment mediated by:

A

env: env glycoproteins
naked: surface proteins

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10
Q

hiv viral receptor

A

CD4

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11
Q

hiv target cell

A

Th cells, macrophages, microglia

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12
Q

ebv receptor

A

CD21 = CR2

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13
Q

ebv target cell

A

b lymphocytes

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14
Q

reovirus receptor

A

beta adrenergic receptor

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15
Q

reovirus target

A

neurons

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16
Q

rabies receptor

A

acetylcholine

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17
Q

rabies target cell

A

neuron

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18
Q

immune response to naked viruses

A

antibody

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19
Q

immune response to enveloped viruses

A

antibody and cell-mediated

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20
Q

3 modes of viral entry

A

receptor mediated endocytosis, coated pits, fusion proteins

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21
Q

which strand is template for mrna? dna

A
  • strand of genome
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22
Q

which strand is template for mrna? +rna (retroviruses)

A

mrna from ds negative dna template

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23
Q

which strand is template for mrna? +rna

A

acts as mrna to make rnap which makes -rna which is template for more +rna

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24
Q

which strand is template for mrna? -rna

A

template for +mrna

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25
Q

intermediate replicative: hep b

A

ssrna –> DNA polymerase (Rna dependent)

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26
Q

intermediate replicative: +ssRNA

A

-ssRNA

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27
Q

intermediate replicative: +ssRNA retrovirus

A

dsDNA

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28
Q

intermediate replicative: -ssRNA

A

+ssRNA

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29
Q

intermediate replicative: dsDNA

A

nothing except for hep b which uses a ssRNA

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30
Q

persistent productive infection from a naked virus

A

none –> only cytolytic or latent infection

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31
Q

essential component for env viral infectivity

A

glycoproteins on envelope

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32
Q

rare late complication of measles

A

sspe

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33
Q

infection type: lysis of host cell

A

cytolytic - mostly naked

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34
Q

infection type: senescence of cell

A

persistent productive

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35
Q

infection type: no damage

A

persistent latent w/o viral production

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36
Q

infection type: immortalization

A

transforming w/w/o viral production

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37
Q

moa of interferons in viral interference

A

inhibit replication via action on target cells –> activation of rna endonuclease which digests viral rna; activation/phosphorylation of pk that inactivates eIF2

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38
Q

killed vaccines

A

rest in peace always: rabies, influenza, polio (salk) , hep a

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39
Q

live vaccines

A

mmr, vzv, adeno, polio (sabin), small pox, yellow fever

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40
Q

active immunization-component vaccine

A

hep b

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41
Q

dx hep a acute

A

igm hav

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42
Q

mortality hep a

A

<.5%

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43
Q

transmission hep a

A

fecal-oral

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44
Q

family features hep a

A

picorna; rna naked

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45
Q

family features hep b

A

hepadna: dna env

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46
Q

family features hep c

A

flavi: rna env

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47
Q

family features hep d

A

circular, env

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48
Q

family features hep e

A

calici: rna, naked

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49
Q

mortality hep b

A

2%

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50
Q

mortality hep c

A

1%

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51
Q

mortality hep d

A

high

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52
Q

mortality hep e

A

pregnant 20, normal 2%

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53
Q

dx acute hep b

A

hbsag, igm hbcag

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54
Q

dx hep c

A

ab to hcv, elisa

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55
Q

dx hep d

A

hep d ab, hbsag

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56
Q

dx hep c

A

ab to hev, elisa

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57
Q

dane particle

A

infections hbv

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58
Q

window period of hbv

A

end of hbsag and start of hbsab

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59
Q

first hep b antibody to appear

A

igm hbcab

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60
Q

hbv e antigen suggests

A

low risk of transmission

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61
Q

ssdna virus

A

parvo - all others are ds

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62
Q

all dna viruses are of ____ shape except ____ which is

A

icosahedral except pox which is brick shaped complex

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63
Q

all dna viruses replicate dna in ____ except ___

A

nucleus except pox

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64
Q

which dna viruses have a virion associated polymerase?

A

hepadna –> needs dna polymerase to make a -rna template

pox –> needs dna dependent RNAp to make dna in cytoplasm

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65
Q

what does it mean that hep b is ds

A

partially ds with one complete strand

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66
Q

what family/what dna? b19

A

parvo, SS dna, naked

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67
Q

what family/what dna? papilloma/polyoma

A

papova, dna, naked

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68
Q

what family/what dna? adeno

A

adeno, dna, naked

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69
Q

what family/what dna? hsv, vzv, ebv, cmv

A

herpes, dna env –> nuclear origin

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70
Q

what family/what dna? variola, vaccinia, molluscum

A

pox, dna, env, made in cytoplasm, brick shaped complex (not icosahedral), has dna dependent rnap

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71
Q

hep b

A

hepadna, circular ds dna, env with dnap

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72
Q

aplastic crisis in sickle cell

A

parvo virus b19

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73
Q

hydrops fetalis

A

parvo virus b19

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74
Q

koilocytes

A

hpv - papova

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75
Q

cervical cancer

A

hpv 16, 18 - papova

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76
Q

renal disease in immunosuppressed

A

bk virus - polyoma

77
Q

pml

A

jc virus - polyoma

78
Q

hexons, penton bases, and fibers

A

adeno - fibers bind to host cell receptors and act as hemagglutins

79
Q

shipyard conjunctivitis

A

adeno

80
Q

military ard and pneumonia outbreak

A

adeno 4, 7, 21

81
Q

adeno vaccine

A

live, non attenuated 4, 7, 21 by enteric-coated capsules

82
Q

infantile diarrhea adeno

A

40, 41

83
Q

hsv latency in ___ cells

A

neurons

84
Q

ebv latency in ____ cells

A

b

85
Q

why is acyclovir only effective in herpes cells

A

herpes thymidine kinase is required to activate it; inhibits only herpes polymerase, leaving host polymerase functioning

86
Q

intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

herpes

87
Q

nuclear membrane envelope

A

herpes- -> assembled in nucleus

88
Q

trigeminal root ganglion

A

hsv1

89
Q

rbc in csf

A

hsv1 meningoencephalitis –> csf pcr, acyclovir

90
Q

sacral nerve ganglion

A

hsv2

91
Q

dorsal root ganglia

A

vzv

92
Q

heterophile +

A

ebv

93
Q

atypical reactive t lymphocytes

A

downey type ii cells –> ebv

94
Q

heterophile antibodies cross react with ____

A

paul bunnel antigen on shep

95
Q

3 cancers associated with ebv

A

burkitt, thymus, nasopharyngeal

96
Q

owls eyes

A

cmv –> basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies w/smaller eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies

97
Q

herpes infecting fibroblasts

A

cmv

98
Q

roseola

A

herpes 6

99
Q

kaposi cofactor

A

herpes 8

100
Q

virus coded lipid on surface

A

pox

101
Q

guarnieri bodies

A

intracytoplasmic inclusions in smallpox - variola

102
Q

immunogen in smallpox vaccine

A

vaccinia

103
Q

oval eosinophlic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies

A

molluscum

104
Q

helical rna viruses

A

corona (+ sense)

all the negative sense except for rhabdo (bullet)

105
Q

bullet shaped rna virus

A

rhabdo

106
Q

norwalk agent

A

calici

107
Q

hep e

A

calici

108
Q

polio

A

picorna

109
Q

echo

A

picorna

110
Q

entero

A

picorna

111
Q

rhino

A

picorna

112
Q

coxsackie

A

picorna

113
Q

hep a

A

picorna

114
Q

yellow fever

A

flavi

115
Q

dengue

A

flavi

116
Q

st louis

A

flavi

117
Q

hep c

A

flavi

118
Q

rubella

A

toga

119
Q

wee, eee

A

toga

120
Q

hiv

A

retro

121
Q

htlv

A

retro

122
Q

sarcoma

A

retro

123
Q

mumps

A

paramyxo

124
Q

measles

A

paramyxo

125
Q

rsv

A

paramyxo

126
Q

paraflu

A

paramyxo

127
Q

rabies

A

rhabdo

128
Q

marburg

A

filo

129
Q

ebola

A

filo

130
Q

influenza

A

orthomyxo

131
Q

hanta

A

bunya

132
Q

lassa

A

arena

133
Q

lymphocytic choriomeningitis

A

arena

134
Q

surface protein binds sialic acid

A

hemagluttin (N acetylneuraminic acid receptor)

135
Q

clips sialic acid, releasing virus

A

neuraminidase

136
Q

anterior horn

A

polio

137
Q

live polio vaccine

A

sabin - oral -best gut immunity

138
Q

killed polio vaccine

A

salk - injectible

139
Q

hand foot mouth

A

coxsackie a

140
Q

myocarditis, IDDM in children, bornholm’s disease

A

coxsackie b

141
Q

old person with hypertension and mosquito bite

A

st louis encephalitis

142
Q

liver, kidney, heart + mosquito bite

A

yellow fever

143
Q

hemorrhagic shock in child who previously had break bone disease

A

dengue –> breakbone is mild version with rash/joint pain –> immune enhancement of entry to macrophages on second infection

144
Q

crown appearance

A

coronavirus

145
Q

c type particle

A

htlv –> centrally located electron dense nucleocapsid

146
Q

components of hiv virion

A

two copies of ss+RNA, rna dependent DNAp, integrase, protease,

147
Q

all viruses are haploid except

A

retroviruses = 2x ssrna

148
Q

all rna viruses replicate in cytoplasm except

A

influenza and retro

149
Q

gp350 binds

A

c3d –> cr2=cd21

150
Q

cowdry a inclusions

A

hsv intranuclear inclusions

151
Q

f protein

A

surface fusion protein in paramyxoviruses (infect children - measles, mumps, rsv, paraflu) –> causes resp cells to fuse into multinucleated cells

152
Q

palivizumab

A

mab against f protein in paramyxoviruses - rsv

153
Q

rash diff between measles and rubella

A

hands and feet included in measles

154
Q

negri bodies

A

rabies- rhabdo -ssRNA w/env

155
Q

purkinje cells of cerebellum

A

rabies

156
Q

oncogenic hepatitis

A

b

157
Q

SECES

A 
hep b in order of appearance:
surface antigen
e antigen
core antibody
e antibody
surface antibody
158
Q

gp120

A

attachment to cd4

159
Q

gp41

A

fusion and entry hiv

160
Q

gag

A

capsid protein hiv

161
Q

env of hiv

A

gp 120 and gp41

162
Q

ccr5 vs cxcr4

A

ccr5 is early binding, cxcr4 late coreceptor

163
Q

homozygous ccr5

A

immune from hiv

164
Q

dx of hiv

A

elisa (sensitive) then western blot (specific); then pcr for viral load

165
Q

why are hiv tests + in infants of infected mothers

A

anti-gp120 crosses placenta

166
Q

HIV patient: oval yeast, cd4<100

A

histo

167
Q

HIV patient: pseudohyphae, cd4<400

A

candida - thrush

168
Q

HIV patient: pseudohyphae, cd4<100

A

esophageal thrush

169
Q

HIV patient: neutrophilic inflammation in vessel

A

bartonella henselae –> bacillary angiomatosis

170
Q

HIV patient: acid fast cyst cd4<200

A

crypto

171
Q

HIV patient: demyelination; pml cd4<200

A

jc virus

172
Q

HIV patient: ring enhancing lesions CD4<100

A

toxo

173
Q

HIV patient: india ink yeast CD4<50

A

crypto

174
Q

HIV patient: cotton wool spots + esophagitis, CD4< 50

A

cmv

175
Q

HIV patient: lymphocytic inflammation in vessel

A

hhv8 - kaposi’s

176
Q

HIV patient: lateral tongue

A

hairy leukoplakia - ebv

177
Q

HIV patient: waldeyer’s ring

A

large cell NHL EBV

178
Q

HIV patient: tb like disease

A

mai cd4<50

179
Q

HIV patient: hemoptysis

A

aspergillus fumigatus

180
Q

HIV patient: pneumonia cd4<200

A

pcp

181
Q

warfin-finkeldy cells

A

measles (rubeola) giant cell pneumonia

182
Q

hpv e6 inactivates

A

p53

183
Q

hpv e7 inactivates

A

p110

184
Q

prion - cannibalism

A

kuru

185
Q

prion - cow

A

cjd

186
Q

prion - sheep

A

scrapie

187
Q

prion - familial

A

fatal familial insomnia or gerstmann straussler

188
Q

hbv/hdv is an example of

A

complementation

USMLE (11 decks)

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