Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

USMLE > Rapid Review - Classic Lab Findings > Flashcards

Rapid Review - Classic Lab Findings Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Anticentromere antibodies

A

CREST

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies

A

Pemphigus Vulgaris (blistering)- against desmosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Anti-GBM antibodies

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome (GN + hemoptysis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Anti-histone antibodies

A

Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, IHN, phenytoin, procainamide)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Anti-IgG antibodies

A

AKA RF- Rheumatoid Arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)

A

1o biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ANCAs

A

vasculitides (wegener’s, PAN), Churg-Strauss syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

cANCA

A

Wegener’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

pANCA

A

PAN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ANA (anti-Sm, anti-dsDNA)

A

SLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Anti-topoisomerase I

A

AKA- Anti scl70- Systemic Sclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial

A

Celiac dz (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Apple Core lesion on abdominal X-ray

A

Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts

A

Auer rods- AML, esp AML-M3 acute promyelocytic leukemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bacitracin Response

A

sensitive: Group A strep, Resistant: Group B strep (B-BRAS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

bamboo spine

A

Ankylosing spondylitis (assoc with HLA-B27)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies: splenectomy or non-functional spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Bloody tap on LP

A

SAH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Boot-shaped heart

A

Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces Israelii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor

A

Pancoast tumor (can cause Horner’s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Brown tumor of bone

A

Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic cysts. 2/2 hyperparathyroidism, osteitis fibrosa cystica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chagas disease (trypanosoma cruzii)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Cellular crescents in Bowman’s capsule

A

rapidly progressing crescentic GN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Chocolate cyst in the ovary

A

Endometriosis- frequently involves both ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

A

Homer-Wright Rosettes: Neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Colonies of mucoid pseudomonas in lungs

A

CF (AR mutation in CFTR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Decreased AFP in amniotic fluid

A

Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Degeneration of dorsal columns

A

Tabes Dorsalis (3o syphilis), vit E deficiency, B-12 deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

A

Parkinson’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

A

Curschmann’s spirals (bronchial asthma, can result in whorled mucous plugs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid

A

Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor in the ovary)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia

A

Koilocytes (think HPV-16, 18)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

“owl’s eye” appearance of CMV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei

A

Orphan Annie eye nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Eosinophilic cytolasmic inclusion in hepatocyte

A

mallory bodies (EtOH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Eosinophilic cutoplasmic inclusion in nerve cells

A

Lewy bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Eosinophilic globule in liver

A

Counciman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells

A

AKA- negri bodies. Rabies

41
Q

Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of the brain

A

Senile plaques (Alzheimer’s)

42
Q

Giant B-cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (Owl’s eye)

A

Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin’s lymphoma)

43
Q

Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

A

Schiller-duval bodies (germ cell tumors)

44
Q

“Hair-on-End” (crew cut) appearance on X-ray

A

beta thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)

45
Q

hCG elevation

A

Pregnancy, choriocarcinoma, hyaditiform mole, germ cell tumors

46
Q

Heart nodules (granulomatous)

A

Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)

47
Q

Heterophile antibodies

A

infectious Mono from EBV

48
Q

hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals on bronchial secretions

A

bronchial asthma (charcot-leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)

49
Q

High D-dimers

A

DVT, PE, DIC

50
Q

Hilar LAD, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)

A

Ghon complex from 1o TB

51
Q

Honeycomb lung on x-ray

A

Interstitial fibrosis

52
Q

Hypersegmented PMNs

A

Megaloblastic anemia; low B12 (also has neuro Sxs), low folate

53
Q

Hypochromic, microcytic anemia

A

Low Fe, Pb poisoning, thalassemia (high HgbA2, high HgbF)

54
Q

Increased AFP in amnionic fluid

A

Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida

55
Q

Increased Uric Acid levels

A

Gout, Lesch Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics

56
Q

Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

A

Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)

57
Q

Iron containing nodules in alveolar septum

A

Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increased chance of mesothelioma)

58
Q

Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency, partial albinism

A

Chédiak-Higashi syndrome-

59
Q

Lead pipe appearance of colon on x-ray

A

UC (loss of Haustra)

60
Q

linear appearance of glomeruli on IF

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome (GN + hemoptysis)

61
Q

low serum ceruloplasmin

A

Wilson’s dz (hepaticolenticular degeneration)

62
Q

“lumpy-bumpy” appearance of glomeruli on IF

A

Post-streptococcal GN: immune complex deposition of Ig and C3b

63
Q

lytic bone lesions on x-ray

A

Multiple myeloma

64
Q

mammary gland (blue domed) cyst

A

Fibrocystic change of the breast

65
Q

Monoclonal antibody spike

A
  1. Multiple myeloma (M protein, usually IgG or IgA); 2. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, MGUS- normal consequence of aging; 3. Waldenström’s (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia; 4. Primary amyloidosis
66
Q

Monoclonal globulin protein in blood/urine

A

Bence-Jones proteins (Multiple myeloma- kappa or lambda Ig light chains in urine); Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia (IgM)

67
Q

Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus

A

Signet Ring: gastric carcinoma, linitis plastica, krukenburg tumors of the ovary

68
Q

Narrowing of bowel lumen on Barium radiograph

A

String sign- Crohn’s

69
Q

Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals (yellow if parallel)

A

Gout MSU crystals

70
Q

Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

A

Kimmelstiel-Wilson Nodules (DM nephropathy)

71
Q

Novobiocin response

A

Resistant: S. Saprophyticus, Sensitive: S. Epidermidis (NO StRESs)

72
Q

Nutmeg Liver

A

Chronic congestion 2/2 Right heart failure

73
Q

Onion Skin periostial reaction

A

Ewing’s sarcoma

74
Q

Periosteum raised from bone creating triangular area

A

Codman’s triangle- Ewing’s sarcoma, Osteosarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis

75
Q

Podocyte fusion on EM

A

Minimal Change disease (child with nephrosis)

76
Q

Polished, “ivory-like” appearance fo bone at cartilage erosion

A

Eburnation (OA)

77
Q

Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylated tau protein

A

neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer’s CJD)

78
Q

Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

A

GBM

79
Q

RBC casts

A

Acute GN

80
Q

Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig Cells

A

Reinke Crystals (Leydig Cell tumor)

81
Q

Renal Epithelial casts in urine

A

Acute toxic/viral nephrosis

82
Q

Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent (blue if parallel)

A

Pseudogout- calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate

83
Q

Rib Notching

A

Coarctation

84
Q

Ring-enhancing brain lesions in AIDS

A

Toxoplasma Gondii

85
Q

Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells (starry sky appearance on histology)

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma- t(8,14), c-myc activation associated with EBV; black sky made of malignant cells

86
Q

Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

A

Pick Bodies (fronto-temporal dementia)

87
Q

“Soap Bubble” in femur or tibia on X-ray

A

Giant cell tumor of bone (benign usually)

88
Q

“spikes” on BM, “dome-like” sub-epithelial deposits

A

Membranous GN- may progress to nephrotic syndrome

89
Q

Stacks of RBCs

A

AKA Rouleaux- High ESR or Multiple Myeloma

90
Q

Stippled vaginal epithelial cells

A

Clue cells on Bacterial vaginosis (Gardnerella Vaginalis)

91
Q

“Tennis Racket”-shaped cytoplasmic organelles in Langerhans’ cells

A

Birbeck granules (Histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)

92
Q

Thrombi made of white/red layers

A

Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombi)

93
Q

Thumb Sign on lateral X-ray

A

Epiglottitis (H-flu)

94
Q

Thyroid-like appearance of kidney

A

Chronic Bacterial Pyelonephritis

95
Q

Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

A

Fatty liver disease: 1) Macrovesicular fatty change: EtOH, 2) Microvesicular fatty change: Reye Syndrome, Pregnancy

96
Q

“smudged” WBCs

A

CLL (almost always B-cell, affects old people)

97
Q

“wire-loop” glomerular appearance on LM

A

Lupus Nephropathy

98
Q

Xanthochromia

A

Previous SAH

USMLE (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions