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USMLE > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

block 30s

A

tetracyclines, aminoglycosides (TAG)

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2
Q

block 50s

A

chloramphenicol, clinda, linezolid, erythromycin (macrolides in general) (CLEan) + streptogramins

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3
Q

DNA damage

A

metronidazole

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4
Q

block mRNA synthesis

A

rifampin

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5
Q

block dna topoisomerase II

A

fluoroquinolones

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6
Q

block folic acid synthesis

A

sulfonamides, trimethoprim

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7
Q

block peptidoglycan crosslinking

A

penicillins, cephalosporins, aztreonam, imipenem

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8
Q

block peptidoglycan synthesis

A

bacitracin, vancomycin

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9
Q

bacterostatic

A

clinda, chloramphenicol, linezolid, tetracyclines, spectinomycin, sulfonamides

CCliTSS

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10
Q

toxicity of penicillin resistant penicillins

A

interstitial nephritis –> oxa/naf/diclox

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11
Q

aminopenicillins

A

ampi, amoxi

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12
Q

mrsa resistance

A

altered pbp target - dala dala to dala dlac

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13
Q

antipseudomonal penicillin

A

ticarcillin, piperacillin

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14
Q

beta lactamase inhibitors

A

clavulanate, sulbactam, tazobactam

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15
Q

vitamin k defic

A

cephalosporins

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16
Q

increase nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides

A

cephalosporins

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17
Q

imipenem must be given with ____

A

cilastatin which inhibits renal dehydropeptidase I

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18
Q

vanc moa

A

binds d-ala-d-ala portion of cell wall precursors

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19
Q

blocks 50s peptidyl transferase

A

chloramphenicol

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20
Q

blocks 50s translocation

A

clinda, erythromycin (macrolides macroslides)

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21
Q

blocks 30s A site

A

tetracycline

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22
Q

blocks 30s initiation complex

A

aminoglycosides

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23
Q

blocks 50s initator

A

linezolid

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24
Q

requires O2 for uptake

A

aminoglycosides –> cant be used for anaerobes

25
Q

gray baby syndrome

A

chloramphenicol

26
Q

tx of lepromatous leprosy

A

+ clofazimine

27
Q

tx of tuberculoid leprosy

A

dapsone and rifampine

28
Q

4 R’s of rifampin

A

rna polymerase inhibitor
revs up p450
red fluids
rapid resistance if alone

29
Q

blocks aribynosyltransferase

A

ethambutol - reduces carb polymerization of mycobacterium cell wall

30
Q

optic neuropathy - red green color blindness

A

ethambutol

31
Q

binds ergosterol and causes leak

A

ampho b “amphotericin tears holes”

nystatin

32
Q

inhibit sterol synthesis

A

inhibit p450 that converts lanosterol to ergosterol
azoles
itra for opportunistic

33
Q

toxicity of azoles

A

testosterone synthesis inhibition, liver fxn

34
Q

blocks 5fu to cytosine deaminase

A

flucytosine - crypto meningitis with ampho b

35
Q

inhibits beta glucan in cell wall synthesis

A

caspofungin - invaive aspergillosis, candida

36
Q

inhibits squalene epoxidase

A

terbinafene - dermatophytes

37
Q

inhibits microtubule function

A

griseosulvin - increase p450 and warfarin metabolism

38
Q

inhibits heme polymerase

A

chloroquine

39
Q

inhibit neuraminidase

A

zanamivir, oseltamivir

40
Q

inhibits guanine nucleotide synthesis by competitive inhibition of imp dehydrogenase

A

ribavirin

41
Q

blocks thymidine kinase

A

acyclovir - guanasine analog

ganciclovir

42
Q

binds to pyrophosphate binding site of dna polymerase

A

foscarnet - pyroFOSphate analog - does not need viral activation

43
Q

coadminister ____with cidofovir

A

probenicid to reduce nephrotoxicity

cidofovir blocks viral dnap

44
Q

tx of aids

A

2x NRTIs + 1 NNRTI or 1 PI or 1 II

45
Q

protease inhibitors end in

A

navir

46
Q

3 NNRTIs

A

nevirapine, efavirenz, delavirdine: NED is not a nucleoside

47
Q

integrase inhibitor

A

raltegravir

48
Q

risk of zidinavir

A

nephropathy

49
Q

risk of zdv/azt

A

anemia - used in pregancy for fetal transmision

50
Q

pregancy adverse effect: kernicterus

A

sulfa

51
Q

pregancy adverse effect: ototoxic

A

aminoglycosides

52
Q

pregancy adverse effect: cartilage damage

A

fluoroquinolone

53
Q

pregancy adverse effect: embryotoxic

A

clarithromycin

54
Q

pregancy adverse effect: discolored teeth

A

tetracyclines

55
Q

pregancy adverse effect: teratogenic

A

ribavirin, griseo

56
Q

pregancy adverse effect: gray baby

A

chloramphenicol

57
Q

which NRTI does not need activtion

A

tenofovir

58
Q

which protease inhibitor can boost drug concentrations by inhibiting p450

A

ritonavir

USMLE (11 decks)

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