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USMLE > Rapid Review - Classic Associations > Flashcards

Rapid Review - Classic Associations Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Actinic Keratosis

A

SCC

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2
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

A

Cushing’s ulcer (increased ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion)

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3
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

A

Curling’s ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)

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4
Q

Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

A

Crohn’s: skip lesions

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5
Q

Dissecting Aneurysm

A

Hypertension

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6
Q

Aortic Aneurysm- abdominal and descending aorta

A

Atherosclerosis

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7
Q

Aortic Aneurysm- ascending

A

Marfan’s (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

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8
Q

Atrophy of mamillary bodies

A

Wernicke encephalopathy: Thiamine (B1) deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion.

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9
Q

Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

A

Sickle Cell Disease

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10
Q

PUD and stomach cancer

A

H Pylori

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11
Q

Benign Melanocytic Nevus

A

Spitz nevus (most common find in first two decades)

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12
Q

Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency

A

Bernard-Soulier dz (defect in platelet adhesion to vWF)

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13
Q

Brain Tumor (adults)

A

Supratentorial! Mets > Astrocytoma (GBM) > meningioma > Schwannoma

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14
Q

Brain Tumor (Kids)

A

Infratentorial (more common)? Medulloblastoma (solid), Pilocytic Astrocytoma (heterogeneous); Supratentorial? Craniopharyngioma (Rathke’s Pouch)

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15
Q

Breast Cancer

A

Infiltrating ductal carcinoma [unsure what they’re getting at here]

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16
Q

Breast Mass

A
  1. Fibrocystic change, 2. carcinoma (in post-menopausal women)
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17
Q

Breast Tumor (benign)

A

Fibroadenoma

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18
Q

Cardiac 1o tumor (kids)

A

Rhabdomyoma, often seen in TS

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19
Q

Cardiac manifestation of Lupus

A

Libman-Sacks endocarditis (non-bacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)

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20
Q

Cardiac Tumor (adults)

A
  1. mets; 2. 1o myxoma (4:1 L->R atrium; “ball and valve”)
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21
Q

Cerebellar Tonsillar Herniation

A

Chiari malformation (often presents with progressive hydrocephalus and syringomyelia)

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22
Q

Chronic Arrhythmia

A

AFib

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23
Q

Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

A

Predisposition to gastric carcinoma and pernicious anemia

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24
Q

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

A

DES exposure in utero

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25
Q

Compression fracture

A

Osteoporosis (type I- postmenopausal women; type II- elderly man or woman)

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26
Q

CAH- hypotension

A

21 hydroxylase

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27
Q

Congenital Conjugated Hyperbiliruninemia (black liver)

A

Dubin-Johnson Syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)

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28
Q

Constictive pericarditis

A

SLE (developed world); TB (Developing world)

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29
Q

Coronary artery involved in thrombosis

A

LAD>RCA>LCA

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30
Q

Cretinism

A

Iodine deficiency/hypothyroidism

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31
Q

Cushing’s syndrome

A
  1. corticosteroid therapy; 2. Excess ACTH secretion by pituitary; 3. Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
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32
Q

Death in CML

A

Blast Crisis

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33
Q

Death in SLE

A

Nephropathy

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34
Q

DIC

A

Gram Negative sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burn trauma

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35
Q

Diverticulum in Pharynx

A

Zenker’s diverticulum (dx by barium swallow, caused by increased pressure)

36
Q

Esophageal Cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma (US), SCC (world)

37
Q

Exotoxin food poisoning

A

S. Aureus, B. Cereus

38
Q

GN (adults)

A

IgA nephropathy (Berger’s dz)

39
Q

Gyn Malignancy

A

Endometrial carcinoma (US), SCC (world)

40
Q

Heart Valve in SBE

A
  1. Mitral (Rheumatic Fever); 2. Tricuspid (IVDA); 3. Aortic (Rheumatic Fever #2)
41
Q

Helminth Infection (US)

A
  1. Enterobius Vermicularis, 2. Ascaris Lumbricoides
42
Q

Epidural Hematoma

A

Middle Meningeal Artery- Lentiform

43
Q

Subdural Hematoma

A

Bridging veins- crescent shape

44
Q

Hemochromatosis

A

Multiple blood transfusions; hereditary HFE mutation; bronze DM, HCC

45
Q

Hereditary Harmless Jaundice

A

Gilbert’s syndrome- benign unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia

46
Q

HLA-B27 (MHC-I)

A

Ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter’s syndrome, UC, psoriasis

47
Q

HLA-DR3 or DR4 (MHC-II)

A

TIDM, RA, SLE

48
Q

Hypoparathyroidism

A

Accidental excision s/p thyroid surgery

49
Q

Hypopituitarism

A

Pituitary adenoma

50
Q

Infections in chronic granulomatous dz

A

Staph Aureus, E-coli, Aspergillus (catalase positive)

51
Q

Kidney Stones

A
  1. Calcium- radiopaque; 2. Struvite- radiopaque; 3. Uric Acid- radiolucent
52
Q

Non-infectious fever malignancy

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

53
Q

Mental Retardation

A
  1. Down’s, 2. Fragile X (trinucleotide repeat involved in hypermethylation of DNA)
54
Q

Mets to bone

A

Breast, lung, thyroid, testes, prostate, kidney

55
Q

Mets to brain

A

lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney (RCC), GI

56
Q

Mets to liver

A

Colon, Gastric, pancreatic, breast, lung

57
Q

Pediatric neoplasm

A
  1. ALL; 2. Cerebellar medulloblastoma
58
Q

Nephrotic syndrome (adults)

A

FSGS

59
Q

Nephrotic syndrome (kids)

A

minimal change dz- assoc with infections/vaccinations; treat with steroids

60
Q

Neuron migration failure

A

Kallman syndrome- anosmia, hypogonadism

61
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

S. Aureus

62
Q

Osteo in Sickle Cell

A

Salmonella

63
Q

Osteo in IVDA

A

Pseudomonas, S. Aureus

64
Q

Ovarian mets from stomach or breast

A

Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells)

65
Q

ALL

A

Child

66
Q

CLL

A

adult>60

67
Q

AML

A

adult>60

68
Q

CML

A

adult 30-60- philadelphia chromosome t(9,22) Bcr-abl

69
Q

Pituitary tumor

A
  1. Prolactinoma, 2. Somatotropic (acidophilic) adenoma
70
Q

Primary Hyperaldosteronism

A

Adenoma of adrenal cortex

71
Q

Primary hyperparathyroidism

A
  1. adenomas; 2. hyperplasia; 3. carcinoma
72
Q

HCC

A

Chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpha1 antitrypsin

73
Q

Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities

A

Buerger’s disease: strongly associated with tobacco, inflammation can extend to neighboring veins/nerves

74
Q

Right Heart Failure due to a pulmonary cause

A

Cor Pulmonale

75
Q

S3 (protodiastolic gallop)

A

Increased ventricular filling (L–>R shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure)

76
Q

S4 (presystolic gallop)

A

Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive CM)

77
Q

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

Hypocalcemia from chronic renal disease

78
Q

Atherosclerosis site

A

Abdominal Aorta> coronary > popliteal > carotid

79
Q

t(14;18)

A

Follicular lymphoma- bcl2 activation

80
Q

t(8;14)

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma- c-myc activation

81
Q

t(9,22)

A

Philadelphia chromosome, CML, bcr-abl fusion

82
Q

Temporal arteritis

A

Polymyalgia rheumatica, risk of blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery

83
Q

Thyroid cancer with radiation exposure

A

Papillary Carcinoma (JAPILLARY!)

84
Q

UTI

A

E Coli, S. Saprophyticus

85
Q

Temporal lobe encephalitis

A

HSV-1

USMLE (11 decks)

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