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USMLE > Rapid Review - Classic Associations > Flashcards

Rapid Review - Classic Associations Flashcards

1
Q

Actinic Keratosis

A

SCC

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2
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

A

Cushing’s ulcer (increased ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion)

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3
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

A

Curling’s ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)

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4
Q

Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

A

Crohn’s: skip lesions

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5
Q

Dissecting Aneurysm

A

Hypertension

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6
Q

Aortic Aneurysm- abdominal and descending aorta

A

Atherosclerosis

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7
Q

Aortic Aneurysm- ascending

A

Marfan’s (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

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8
Q

Atrophy of mamillary bodies

A

Wernicke encephalopathy: Thiamine (B1) deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion.

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9
Q

Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

A

Sickle Cell Disease

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10
Q

PUD and stomach cancer

A

H Pylori

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11
Q

Benign Melanocytic Nevus

A

Spitz nevus (most common find in first two decades)

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12
Q

Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency

A

Bernard-Soulier dz (defect in platelet adhesion to vWF)

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13
Q

Brain Tumor (adults)

A

Supratentorial! Mets > Astrocytoma (GBM) > meningioma > Schwannoma

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14
Q

Brain Tumor (Kids)

A

Infratentorial (more common)? Medulloblastoma (solid), Pilocytic Astrocytoma (heterogeneous); Supratentorial? Craniopharyngioma (Rathke’s Pouch)

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15
Q

Breast Cancer

A

Infiltrating ductal carcinoma [unsure what they’re getting at here]

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16
Q

Breast Mass

A
  1. Fibrocystic change, 2. carcinoma (in post-menopausal women)
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17
Q

Breast Tumor (benign)

A

Fibroadenoma

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18
Q

Cardiac 1o tumor (kids)

A

Rhabdomyoma, often seen in TS

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19
Q

Cardiac manifestation of Lupus

A

Libman-Sacks endocarditis (non-bacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)

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20
Q

Cardiac Tumor (adults)

A
  1. mets; 2. 1o myxoma (4:1 L->R atrium; “ball and valve”)
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21
Q

Cerebellar Tonsillar Herniation

A

Chiari malformation (often presents with progressive hydrocephalus and syringomyelia)

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22
Q

Chronic Arrhythmia

A

AFib

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23
Q

Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

A

Predisposition to gastric carcinoma and pernicious anemia

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24
Q

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

A

DES exposure in utero

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25
Compression fracture
Osteoporosis (type I- postmenopausal women; type II- elderly man or woman)
26
CAH- hypotension
21 hydroxylase
27
Congenital Conjugated Hyperbiliruninemia (black liver)
Dubin-Johnson Syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
28
Constictive pericarditis
SLE (developed world); TB (Developing world)
29
Coronary artery involved in thrombosis
LAD>RCA>LCA
30
Cretinism
Iodine deficiency/hypothyroidism
31
Cushing's syndrome
1. corticosteroid therapy; 2. Excess ACTH secretion by pituitary; 3. Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
32
Death in CML
Blast Crisis
33
Death in SLE
Nephropathy
34
DIC
Gram Negative sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burn trauma
35
Diverticulum in Pharynx
Zenker's diverticulum (dx by barium swallow, caused by increased pressure)
36
Esophageal Cancer
Adenocarcinoma (US), SCC (world)
37
Exotoxin food poisoning
S. Aureus, B. Cereus
38
GN (adults)
IgA nephropathy (Berger's dz)
39
Gyn Malignancy
Endometrial carcinoma (US), SCC (world)
40
Heart Valve in SBE
1. Mitral (Rheumatic Fever); 2. Tricuspid (IVDA); 3. Aortic (Rheumatic Fever #2)
41
Helminth Infection (US)
1. Enterobius Vermicularis, 2. Ascaris Lumbricoides
42
Epidural Hematoma
Middle Meningeal Artery- Lentiform
43
Subdural Hematoma
Bridging veins- crescent shape
44
Hemochromatosis
Multiple blood transfusions; hereditary HFE mutation; bronze DM, HCC
45
Hereditary Harmless Jaundice
Gilbert's syndrome- benign unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
46
HLA-B27 (MHC-I)
Ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome, UC, psoriasis
47
HLA-DR3 or DR4 (MHC-II)
TIDM, RA, SLE
48
Hypoparathyroidism
Accidental excision s/p thyroid surgery
49
Hypopituitarism
Pituitary adenoma
50
Infections in chronic granulomatous dz
Staph Aureus, E-coli, Aspergillus (catalase positive)
51
Kidney Stones
1. Calcium- radiopaque; 2. Struvite- radiopaque; 3. Uric Acid- radiolucent
52
Non-infectious fever malignancy
Hodgkin's lymphoma
53
Mental Retardation
1. Down's, 2. Fragile X (trinucleotide repeat involved in hypermethylation of DNA)
54
Mets to bone
Breast, lung, thyroid, testes, prostate, kidney
55
Mets to brain
lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney (RCC), GI
56
Mets to liver
Colon, Gastric, pancreatic, breast, lung
57
Pediatric neoplasm
1. ALL; 2. Cerebellar medulloblastoma
58
Nephrotic syndrome (adults)
FSGS
59
Nephrotic syndrome (kids)
minimal change dz- assoc with infections/vaccinations; treat with steroids
60
Neuron migration failure
Kallman syndrome- anosmia, hypogonadism
61
Osteomyelitis
S. Aureus
62
Osteo in Sickle Cell
Salmonella
63
Osteo in IVDA
Pseudomonas, S. Aureus
64
Ovarian mets from stomach or breast
Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells)
65
ALL
Child
66
CLL
adult>60
67
AML
adult>60
68
CML
adult 30-60- philadelphia chromosome t(9,22) Bcr-abl
69
Pituitary tumor
1. Prolactinoma, 2. Somatotropic (acidophilic) adenoma
70
Primary Hyperaldosteronism
Adenoma of adrenal cortex
71
Primary hyperparathyroidism
1. adenomas; 2. hyperplasia; 3. carcinoma
72
HCC
Chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpha1 antitrypsin
73
Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities
Buerger's disease: strongly associated with tobacco, inflammation can extend to neighboring veins/nerves
74
Right Heart Failure due to a pulmonary cause
Cor Pulmonale
75
S3 (protodiastolic gallop)
Increased ventricular filling (L-->R shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure)
76
S4 (presystolic gallop)
Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive CM)
77
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia from chronic renal disease
78
Atherosclerosis site
Abdominal Aorta> coronary > popliteal > carotid
79
t(14;18)
Follicular lymphoma- bcl2 activation
80
t(8;14)
Burkitt's lymphoma- c-myc activation
81
t(9,22)
Philadelphia chromosome, CML, bcr-abl fusion
82
Temporal arteritis
Polymyalgia rheumatica, risk of blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery
83
Thyroid cancer with radiation exposure
Papillary Carcinoma (JAPILLARY!)
84
UTI
E Coli, S. Saprophyticus
85
Temporal lobe encephalitis
HSV-1

USMLE (11 decks)

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