Anaerobic and Aerobic Flashcards
1
Q
Obligate aerobes
A
Mycobacterium, Pseudomonas, Bacillus
2
Q
Obligate aerobes produce
A
superoxide dismutase
3
Q
Microaerophilic
A
Campylobacter, Helicobacter
4
Q
Facultative anaerobes
A
Most bacteria –> respire aerobically then ferment or respire anaerobically when oxygen is depleted
5
Q
Obligate anaerobes
A
Actinomyces, Bacterioides, Clostridium –> ABCs of anerobiosis
6
Q
G+ cocci
A
staph, strep
7
Q
G+ aerobic rods
A
DALToN: corynebacterium, bacillus, listeria, mycobacterium, nocardia
8
Q
G+ anaerobic rods
A
CLAP: clostridium, lactobacillus, actinomyces, propionibacterium
9
Q
G- aerobic cocci
A
moraxella, neisseria
10
Q
G- aerobic rods
A
Pseudo and the ellas:
pseudomonas, brucella, franciscella, bordetella, legionella
11
Q
G- helical/microaerophiles
A
campylobacter, helicobacter
12
Q
G- F. anaerobic rods
A
enterbacteriaciae - diarrheals (shigella, salmonella, e coli, yersinia); utis (klebsiella, serratia, enterobacter, proteus, citrobacter)
13
Q
G- spirochetes
A
borrellia, treponema, leptospira
14
Q
G- rickettsiae
A
rickettsiae, coxiella, bartonella, ehrlichia
15
Q
G- obligate anaerobic rods
A
bacteroides/prevotella, fusobacterium
16
Q
Endospore bacteria
A
bacillus, clostridium
17
Q
Capsules
A
Some Killers Have Pretty Nice Capsules: strep pneumo, klebsiella pneumo, h flu, pseudomonas, neisseria meningiditis, cryptococcus
18
Q
Acid fasts
A
complete: mycobacterium, partial: nocardia, spores: crypto, isospora
19
Q
catalase + coagulase +
A
staph aureus - yellow, beta hemolytic
20
Q
catalase + coagulase - novobiocin sensitive
A
staph epidermidis
21
Q
catalase + coagulase - novobiocin resistant
A
staph saphrophyticus
22
Q
catalase - alpha hemolytic optochin sensitive
A
strep pneumonia - non typeable, green, lancet
23
Q
catalase - alpha hemolytic optochin resistant
A
strep viridans - non typeable
24
Q
catalase - alpha hemolytic bacitracin sensitive
A
strep pyogenes - GAS, PYR+
25
catalase - alpha hemolytic bacitracin resistant
strep agalactiae - GBS, hippurate, cAMP +
26
catalase - alpha hemolytic NaCl sensitive
strep bovis - GDS, esculin +
27
catalase - alpha hemolytic NaCl resistant
enterococcus - GDS, PYR+, esculin +
28
Protein A
staph: inhibits phagocytosis - binds to Fc
29
Enterotoxins A-E
staph: heat stable 60 degrees for 10 minutes
30
TSST1
staph: reduces liver clearance of endotoxin, superantigen activates T helper cells non specifically
31
Coagulase
staph aureus: converts fibrinogen to fibrin clot
32
alpha toxin
staph: pore forming toxin
33
exfoliatin
staph: scalded skin
34
M protein
strep pyogenes
35
streptolysin O
immunogenic
36
streptolysin S
non-immunogenic
37
streptokinase
breaks down fibrin clot
38
streptococcal dnase
liquefies pus
39
exotoxins A-C
strep: phage coded, scarlet fever, superantigens
40
GAS M12
acute glomerulonephritis (type III HS)
41
significant ASO titer
>200
42
rapid strep test misses ____ %
25%
43
tx of GBS
amp + gent/cefotaxime
44
lancet shaped diplococci
strep pneumo
45
quellung reaction
swelling of capsule with type specific antiserum in strep
46
dx of strep meningitis
latex agglutination
47
pneumolysin o
strep pneumo - damages resp epithelium
48
rusty sputum
strep pneumo
49
adult meningitis - most common cause
strep pneumo
50
OM, sinusitis in children - most common cause
strep pneumo
51
non motile spore forming organisms
c perfringens, bacillus anthracis
52
polysaccharide capsule
capsulated organisms except B anthracis - poly D glutamate
53
safranin pink
G -
54
acetone colorless
G-
55
g+ boxcar
bacillus anthracis - spore forming, polypeptide (poly-d-glutamate)
56
Tx anthrax
cipro/doxy
57
tumbling motility
listeria
58
actin jet
listeria, shigella
59
facultative intracellular; cold growth
listeria
60
Tx listeria
amp +/- gent
61
club shaped rod
corynebacterium diptheriae
62
V/L shapes on tellurite
corynebacterium diptheriae
63
gray pseudomembrane
corynebacterium diptheriae
64
bull neck + recurrent laryngeal palsy + myocarditis
corynebacterium diptheriae
65
elek test
toxin test for corynebacterium diptheriae - toxin moves away from growth
66
Tx corynebacterium diptheriae
erythromycin + antitoxin
67
G+ long branching filaments
actinomyces
68
draining abscesses with sulfur granules
actinomyces
69
IUD infection
actinomyces israelii
70
G+ branching rod solitary brain abscess
actinomyces
71
Tx actinomyces
amp or penicillin + surgical drainage
72
G+ branching rod partially acid fast
nocardia
73
tx nocardia
sulfonamide or bactrim
74
waxy cell wall
mycobacterium
75
UV sensitive
mycobacterium
76
produces niacin
mycobacterium
77
auramine rhodamine staining
mycobacterium - fluorescent apple green
78
heat sensitive catalase
mycobacterium tuberculosis --> catalase negative at standard test temperature
79
serpentine growth
mycobacterium tuberculosis cord factor - inhibits leukocyte migration; disrupts oxphos, resp
80
sulfatide
mycobacterium tuberculosis - inhibits phagosome-lysosomal fusion allowing intracellular fusion
81
+ PPD in HIV
> 5mm
82
+ PPD in lowrisk population
>15mm
83
+ PPD in high risk population
>10 mm
84
tx TB
INH + rifampin + pyrazinamide = 2 months then INH + rifampin = 4 months
85
tx drug resistant TB
add ethambutol or streptomycin
86
Runyon negative
MAI - non chromogen
87
Runyon positive
M. scrofulaceum - scotochromogen
88
Runyon light +
M. kansasii - photochromogen
89
MAI ppx CD count
75
90
Mycobacterial lymphadenitis
M scrofulaceum
91
acid fast rods in punch biospy
M leprae
92
lepromin +
M leprae - tuberculoid (TH1)
93
Leprosy: strong cell-mediated response; granuloma, loss of sensation, few lesions, macular
tuberculoid - th1
94
Leprosy: poor cell mediated response, foam cells, bacterial overgrowth, loss of sensation, numerous nodular lesions, leonine facies, loss of septum
lepromatous - th2
95
Leprosy ppx for contacts
dapsone
96
tetanus prone wounds
>6 hours old, blunt/missile, burn, frostbite, 1cm deep, devitalized tissue, contaminants
97
tx of nonprone tetanus wounds
vaccine if more than 10 years since booster
98
tx of prone tetanus wounds
vaccine if more than 5 years since booster
99
prophage coded heat labile toxin
c. botulinum
100
tx of foodborne botulism
respiratory support; polyvalent antitoxin
101
tx of baby botulism
baby big; respiratory support
102
tx of wound botulism
amoxicillin and antitoxin; respiratory support
103
stormy fermentation in milk media
c perfringens
104
non motile g+ spore forming rods
c perfringens
105
lecithinase
c perfringens alpha toxin
106
Naegler's reaction
egg yolk agar plate with anti-alpha toxin --> activity noted on side with no antitoxin
107
Tx of c perfringens
debridement, delayed closure, clinda + penicillin, hyperbaric
108
beta lactamase producing neisseria
gonorrheae
109
G- kidney bean diplococci
neisseria
110
latex particle agglutination of CSF
neisseria mening.
111
ppx of neisseria contacts
rifampin
112
tx of neisseria mening
penicillin or ceftriaxone
113
G - intracellular diploccoci
neisseria gonorrhea
114
Tx neisseria gon.
ceftriaxone + tetracycline (chlamydia)
115
G- oxidase + rod
pseudomonas
116
pyocyanin and fluorescein
pseudomonas
117
grape like odor
pseudomonas
118
slime layer
pseudomonas
119
non lactose fermenting on EMB or MacConkey
pseudomonas
120
weakly G- pleomorphic rod
legionella - needs cystein and iron
121
dx of legionella
DFA on biopsy, + on dieterle silver stain; antigen urine test for serogroup 1 only
122
2 presentations of legionella
legionnaires and pontiac fever (pneumonitis)
123
Bordetella media
Regan-lowe or bordet gengou
124
pertussis vaccine immunity lasts
5-10 years IgA
125
3 stages of pertussis
catarrhal ( cold symptoms); paroxysmal (+ cough, whoops, vomiting, anoxia, eye hemorrhage); convalescence (- cough + pneumonia, seizure, encephalopathy)
126
G- intracellular rod with hazardous culture
Franciscella, brucella
127
Dermacentor
Franciscella - ulcerogalndular disease with fever, ulcer, regional nodes
128
ingestion of infected rabbit
typhoidal tularemia
129
skinning rabbits
pneumonia (air) + ulceroglandular (skin)
130
worst tularemia states
arkansas and missouri
131
tx of francisella
streptomycin
132
goats, cattle, pigs
brucella
133
clinical syndromes of brucellosis
septicemia: acute evening fever, myalgias, sweating, hepatomegaly
undulant: milder
chronic: >1year, cyclic depression and sweating in veterinarians
134
G- curved rod with polar flagella
campylobacter - microaerophilic,
| vibrio
135
gulls wings
campylobacter
136
campylobacter medium
campys or skirrows
137
tx campylobacter
erythromycin or fluoroquinolone
138
G - spiral rod with flagella
helicobacter
139
helicobacter medium
campy or skirrows
140
G- gastric rod urease +
helicobacter
141
G - gastric rod mucinase +
helicobacter
142
Tx helicobacter
omeprazole + amoxi + clarithro
143
lactose fermenters
CEEK - citrobacter, ecoli, enterobacter, klebsiella
144
Nonlactose fermenters
ShYPS (colorless colonies) - shigella, yersinia, proteus, salmonella
145
nonmotile non lactose fermenter
shigella, yersinia
146
motile non lactose fermenter
proteus, proteus
147
non lactose fermenter non H2S producer
yersinia, shigella
148
non lactose fermenter, H2S producer
salmonella, proteus
149
slow lactose fermenter
serratia
150
salmon red pigment
serratia
151
green sheen on EMB
ecoli
152
P pili
ecoli - pyleo associated pili
153
Tx ecoli
amp or bactrim
154
K1
ecoli subtype causing neonatal sepsis --> has capsule
155
Ecoli colorless on sorbitol MacConkey
EHEC
156
colonizing factor adhesins
ETEC
157
ecoli adherence factor
EPEC --> prolonged diarrhea 2/2 rearrangement of actin/effacement of microvilli via attachment to M cells
158
verotoxin
shigalike 1 and 2 nick 60s
159
fimbriae
EaggEC- enteroaggregative - persistent diarrhea
160
G- rod with major capsule
klebsiella
161
mucoid, lactose fermenter on macconkey
klebsiella
162
most common pneumonia in alcoholics
strep pneumo
163
currant jelly sputum
klebsiella
164
vi capsule
salmonella typhi - escapes complement
165
salmonella predispositions
decreased stomach acid, no monos as in sickle cell
166
ruffled cell membranes
salmonella
167
rose spots
salmonella - on trunk and abdomen
168
ileocecal diarrhea
typhoid fever- salmonella typhi
169
necrosis of peyers patches with perforation
typhoid fever
170
widal test
s. typhi - antibodies to o (outer capsule), vi (capsule), and h (flagella) antigens
171
G- rod bipolar staining
yersinia
172
V and W antigens
yersinia
173
bubonic plague
yersinia - fever, buboes, conjunctivitis
174
pneumonic plague
yersinia - pulmonary emboli in bubonic plague, or inhalation
175
peritrichous flagella
proteus
176
G- rod urease +
proteus
177
elevated urine ph causing staghorn stones
urease 2/2 proteus
178
cholera biotypes
O1: el tor, cholerae
| O139
179
shooting star motility
vibrio
180
vibrio different than enterobacteraecia
it is oxidase positive; alkaline but not acidic media
181
oysters
vibrio vulnificus
182
tx of pasteurella
amox/clavulanate
183
G- pleomorphic rod + capsule
haemophilus
184
satellite phenomenon
haemophilus grows near s. aureus
185
H flu vaccine is T cell dependent/independent
dependent
186
culture in 1 syphilis
none --> only microscopy
187
lyme arthritis type HS
3 - immune complex
188
spirochetes with tight terminal hooks
leptospira
189
spirochete can be cultured
leptospira, borrelia but not treponema
190
transmission of leptospira
animal urine in water - sewer workers and jet ski
191
ice tongs
leptospira
192
no muramic acid
chlamydia: modified peptidoglycan
193
no peptidoglycan
mycoplasma
194
no atp
chlamydia
195
weil felix
dx of ricketssia -->but cross reacts with OX strain of Proteus vulgaris
196
centripetal rash
rmsf
197
q fever
sheep: coxiella
198
____ animals have high titers of coxiella
pregnant
199
febrile pneumonia with hepatitis without rash
coxiella
200
mulberry like structures in infected cells
ehrlichia
201
cells infected by ehrlichia
monocytes and macrophages
202
elementary body/reticulate body
chlamydia
203
genital elephantiasis
lymphogranuloma venereum - chlamydia
204
dx of chlamydia
cytoplasmic inclusions on giemsa, iodine, fluorescent-antibody stained smear or scrapings
205
turkeys
chlamydia psittaci
206
pneumonia with hepatitis with a bad xray
chlamydia psittaci
207
smallest free living bacteria
mycoplasma
208
sterols in membrane
mycoplasma but does not synthesize cholesterol
209
P1 protein
mycoplasma - attaches to resp epithelium, inhibits ciliary action
210
fried egg colonies
mycoplasma
211
mycoplasma media
eatons, mycoplasma
212
urease
helicobacter, proteus, mycoplasma
213
low oxidation reduction medium
clostridium
214
ecthyma gangrenosum
immunocompromised with pseudomonas = target shaped necrotic/eschar with erythematous margin
215
comma shape
campy (@42deg) or cholera
216
sickle cell osteo
salmonella
217
diabetic/iv osteo
pseudomonas, serratia
218
vertebral osteo
tb - potts disease
219
leukocyte esterase + uti
bacterial uti
220
nitrite positive uti
gram negative
221
red pigment uti
serratia
222
swarming on agar uti
proteus - motile
223
pda + cataracts + blueberry muffin rash
rubella
224
sandpaper rash
strep pyogenes scarlet fever
225
slapped cheek
parvo b19
