Viruses Flashcards
Where are microbes found?
All three domains of life and beyond
What are the three microbes in the tree of life?
Domain Bacteria
Domain Archaea
Domain Eukarya
Are viruses truly living organisms?
No
What domain are viruses classified in?
None of the three domains
Example of a Domain Bacteria microbe?
E. coli
Example of Domain Archaea microbe?
Halobacteria
Example of Domain Eukarya microbe?
Amoeba
Why don’t viruses fit our definition of living organisms?
- Can’t reproduce by themselves
- Cant metabolize energy
What is a virus made up of?
Nucleic acid
Capsid
Protein coat
Where is the only place viruses can replicate?
Within cells
What may viral genomes consist of?
ssDNA
dsDNA
ssRNA
dsRNA
How can we tell the difference between DNA and RNA?
RNA will have Uracil
How do viruses infect their hosts?
- Cell in your body goes through endocytosis
- If keys on virus fit the lock, the cell welcomes the virus in
What surrounds the capsid of influenza viruses and many other viruses found in animals?
Viral envelope
Where to viruses have to be in order to replicate
Inside of another cell as a parasite
Obligate intracellular parasites
Can jump between species
What is an an example of obligate intracellular parasites?
In W. Nile virus, virus can jump between humans, birds, and horses.
Viruses with dsDNA acronym?
Happier
HAPPR
Viruses with dsDNA
Herpesvirus Adenovirus Papovirus Poxvirus Ranavirus
What can Herpesvirus cause?
- Mono
- Chicken pox
- Herpes
What can Adenovirus cause?
- Respiratory Illness
- Phenomena
What can Papovirus cause?
- Warts
- Cancerous tumors
What can Poxvirus cause?
Small poxs
What can Ranavirus cause?
Amphibians and reptiles to have lesions in skin and impact internal organs
ssDNA virus
Parvovirus
What can Parvovirus cause
- Slapped cheeks disease
- Canine Parvovirus which acts on dogs digestive system
Viruses with dsRNA
Reovirus
What does Reovirus cause?
- Diarrhea
- Colorado Tick Fever
Viruses with ssRNA acronym?
O R For Real Fun P C P
Viruses with ssRNA
Othomyxovirus Retrovirus Flavivirus Rhabdovirus Filovirus Picornavirus Coronavirus Paramyxovirus
What does Orthomyxovirus cause?
Influenza
What does Retrovirus cause?
HIV
What does Flavivirus cause?
-Viruses passed by Arthropods especially Mosquitos
Yellow Fever
-Dengue Fever
-W. Nile Virus
What does Rhabdovirus cause?
- Rhabies
- VHS in fish which cause their internal organs to explode
What does Filovirus cause?
Motoba
What does Picornavirus cause?
- Common Cold
- Polio
What does Coronavirus cause?
SARS
What does Paramyxovirus cause?
- Measles
- Mumps
Virus
An infectious particle incapable of replicating outside of a cell
How big are the tiniest viruses?
20 nm
Are viruses cells?
No
How many genes does the smallest viruses have in their genome?
4
How many genes does the largest viruses have in their genome?
Hundreds to Thousands
Capsid
Protein shell enclosing viral genome
What are the different shapes that a capsid may be?
- Polyhedral
- Rod-shaped
What are rod-shaped viruses commonly called?
Helical viruses
A membranous envelope surrounds the capsid of what kinds of viruses?
- Influenza viruses
- Animal viruses
Viral envelope
Membrane derived from membranes of host cell that cloaks the capsid and enclosed the genome
Bacteriophages/ Phages
Viruses that infect bacteria
True or False? Viruses are formidable pathogens?
True
Lysosomes
Garbage disposal in cell
What can prevent viral illness was?
Vaccines
Vaccine
Complication of dead viruses injected into your body that your immune system knows how to destroy.
Viral infections can’t be treated by what common medicine?
Antibiotics
Antibiotics
Kill of living things
Antiviral drugs can help to ______ though not ______ viral infections.
- Treat
- Cure
Epidemic
1 example
Large scale number of people that have a disease or virus
H1N1
Pandemic (1 example)
If epidemic goes global
1918 Flu pandemic
Where do epidemics originate?
Small isolated populations go to larger populations
