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Biology > Chordates > Flashcards

Chordates Flashcards

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0
Q

What are the 4 derived characters of Chordates?

A

Notochord
Dorsal hollow cord
Muscular tails
Pharyngeal slits

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1
Q

Are Chordates protosomes or deuterostomes?

A

Deuterostomes

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2
Q

Notochord

A

Derived character of Chirdates

Used for support that later evolved into vertebrate

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3
Q

Dorsal, hollow nerve cord

A

Derived character of Chordates

Develops into brain and spinal chord

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4
Q

Muscular Tail

A

Derived character of Chordates

Help things move in water

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5
Q

Pharyngeal slits or clefts

A

Derived character of Chordates

Suspension-feeding devices

In vertebrates-gas exchange called gills

In tetrapods-evolved into our bones of the head neck and ears

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6
Q

What is the Sub Phylum of Cephalordata called?

A

Lancelets

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7
Q

Lancelets

A
  • Blade like shape
  • All derived characters of Chordates
  • Suspension Feeders
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8
Q

What Class are Hagfishes in?

A

Class Mycini

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9
Q

What things are included in Class Myxini?

A

Hagfishes

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10
Q

Class Myxini

3 facts

A
  • Group called craniates
  • Similar to Lancetes
  • Produce copious amounts of slime when startled or handled
  • Scavengers of dead things
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11
Q

Craniates

A

Groups of things with more elaborate skull or heads

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12
Q

What is the most diverse Sub phylum of Chordates?

A

Sub phylum Vertebrata

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13
Q

What is one thing for sure about all things in Subphylum Vertebrata?

A

All have an elaborate skull

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14
Q

What class are Lampreys in?

A

Class Petromyzontidae

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15
Q

What is one thing common in Class Petromyzontidae?

A

Lampreys

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16
Q

Lampreys

A
  • Have vertebrates
  • Don’t have jaws
  • Mostly parasites on fish
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17
Q

What are Gnathostomes?

A

Vertebrates that have jaws

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18
Q

2 facts about Gnathostomes

A
  • Bigger brains

- Lateral line system

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19
Q

What is lateral line system?

A

Gnathostomes that are able to sense vibrations in the water

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20
Q

Dunkleosteus

A
  • One of the first Gnathostomes
  • Its fossils are in our back yard
  • Eat sharks
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21
Q

How are shark eggs fertilized?

A

Internally

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22
Q

What are the 3 different ways shark embryos can develop along with other vertebrates?

A
  • Oviparous
  • Ovoviviparous
  • Viviparous
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23
Q

What is a fossil of Gnathostomes?

A

Dunkleosteus

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24
Q

What things do Class Chondrichytes include?

A

Sharks
Rays
Skates

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25
Q

What are some examples of living Gnathostomes?

A

Sharks
Amphibians
Reptiles

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26
Q

Oviparous

A

Lay eggs that hatch outside of mothers body

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27
Q

Ovoviviparous

A

Retain fertilized eggs, nourishes by the egg yolk the embryos develop that are born after hatching inside the mother

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28
Q

Viviparous

A

Placenta attached to the developing young

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29
Q

Class Chondrichthyes

A
  • Cartilaginous skeleton
  • Aquatic Gnathostomes
  • Stream line body
  • Detect electrical fields
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30
Q

Class Actinopterygii

A

Bony skeleton

Have rays/Finns that give them structure

31
Q

What somethings in Class Actinopterygii?

A

Ray-Finned fishes
Round hobby
Eel

32
Q

Class Sarcopterygii

A

Missing link between fish and Tiktalik

33
Q

What kind of things are in Class Sarcopterygii?

A

Lobe-Fins

34
Q

Tetrapods

A

Gnathostomes with 4 limbs

35
Q

Class Amphibia

A
  • Moist skin
  • Lay eggs in damp area
  • Eggs don’t have a shell
  • Lungs
  • Spend more time on land
36
Q

What are some things in Class Amphibia?

A

Frogs
Toads
Salamanders

37
Q

What are amniotes?

A

Tetrapods that have terrestrially adapted eggs

38
Q

2 Important parts on the amniotes?

A

Amnion

Shell

39
Q

Amnion

A

A fluid filled compartment around the embryo like a shock absorber

40
Q

Shell

A

Used for protection

41
Q

My way of remembering cladogram of Amniotic Vertebrates

A 
Toilets
Stink
Like
Crap
Dookey
Balls
Mammals
42
Q

Order of cladogram of Amniotic Vertebrates?

A 
Turtles
Snakes
Lizards
Crocodiles
Dinosaurs
Birds 
Mammals
43
Q

Class Reptilia

A
  • Shelled amniotic egg
  • Ectothermic
  • Dry scaly skin
44
Q

Ectothermic

A

Depend on external surrounding to give them heart like the sun

45
Q

Name some different types of Reptiles.

A

Turtles
Alligators
Crocodiles
Birds

46
Q

Turtles

A

Type of reptile

Have shell

Different type of skull

47
Q

Alligators and Crocodiles

A
  • Old Lineage
  • Closest relative to bird
  • 4 chambered heart
  • Vocalizations
  • Brood their young
48
Q

What Class are Birds in even though they are Reptiles?

A

Class Aves

49
Q

Class Aves

A

Birds

  • Scales evolved into feathers
  • Bones become hollow and light weight
  • Endothermic
  • Can Fly
50
Q

Endothermy

A

Get heat from their own body and have a high metabolism

51
Q

What is a relative of humans and why?

A

Dimetrodon

Had changes to its skull

52
Q

Class Mammalia

A 
Amniotes
Produce milk
Evolved from synapsids 
Endothermy
Scales evolved into hair
53
Q

What are mammals?

A

Amniotes that have hair and produce milk

54
Q

What did mammals evolve from?

A

Synapsids

55
Q

Synapsids

A

Distinguished by hole on each side of the skull

56
Q

Monotremes

A

Mammal
Lay eggs
Oldest group
Don’t have nipples

57
Q

What things do Monostremes include?

A

Platypus

58
Q

What are some examples of marsupials?

A

Possums
Kangaroos
Koalas

59
Q

Marsupials

A
  • Embryos born in immature stage
  • Have nipples
  • Later go into a pouch to develop fully
60
Q

What is another name for Eutherians?

A

Placental Mammals

61
Q

Eutherians

A
  • Young attached to placenta

- Born in mature stage

62
Q

What things are Eutherians?

A

Eye eyes

Dogs

63
Q

What were the earliest known primates?

A

Tree dwellers

64
Q

What 3 things do humans and primates have that helped things that lived in trees?

A

Eyes that look forward
Arms in a shoulder pocket
Fingers and toes for grasping

65
Q

Order Primates

A
  • Complex social behavior
  • Eyes
  • Fingers and toes
  • Arms
66
Q

What are some examples of Primates?

A 
Monkeys
Orangutans
Gorilla 
Chimps 
Humans
67
Q

Family Hominidae

A
  • In Order Primates
  • Mostly grouped by DNA
  • Capacity of language
  • Bipedal
68
Q

How are humans and chimps related?

A

Share a common ancestor

69
Q

How far are chimp and modern human lineages separated?

A

5 to 6 MYA

70
Q

Bipedal

A

Walk in upright position on 2 feet

71
Q

Where and when did Homo sapiens evolve?

A

195,000 years ago

72
Q

What is the missing link of Homo sapien relatives and chimps?

A

Australopithecus

73
Q

What are the differences between Australopithecus and humans?

A

Humans skull is bigger

74
Q

What are the similarities between Australopithecus and humans?

A

Bipedal

75
Q

What is the evolutionary history of humans?

A

Lower jaws set farther back
Bigger brain
Forehead pushed back
Bigger body

Biology (9 decks)

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