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Chordates Flashcards

0
Q

What are the 4 derived characters of Chordates?

A

Notochord
Dorsal hollow cord
Muscular tails
Pharyngeal slits

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1
Q

Are Chordates protosomes or deuterostomes?

A

Deuterostomes

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2
Q

Notochord

A

Derived character of Chirdates

Used for support that later evolved into vertebrate

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3
Q

Dorsal, hollow nerve cord

A

Derived character of Chordates

Develops into brain and spinal chord

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4
Q

Muscular Tail

A

Derived character of Chordates

Help things move in water

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5
Q

Pharyngeal slits or clefts

A

Derived character of Chordates

Suspension-feeding devices

In vertebrates-gas exchange called gills

In tetrapods-evolved into our bones of the head neck and ears

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6
Q

What is the Sub Phylum of Cephalordata called?

A

Lancelets

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7
Q

Lancelets

A
  • Blade like shape
  • All derived characters of Chordates
  • Suspension Feeders
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8
Q

What Class are Hagfishes in?

A

Class Mycini

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9
Q

What things are included in Class Myxini?

A

Hagfishes

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10
Q

Class Myxini

3 facts

A
  • Group called craniates
  • Similar to Lancetes
  • Produce copious amounts of slime when startled or handled
  • Scavengers of dead things
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11
Q

Craniates

A

Groups of things with more elaborate skull or heads

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12
Q

What is the most diverse Sub phylum of Chordates?

A

Sub phylum Vertebrata

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13
Q

What is one thing for sure about all things in Subphylum Vertebrata?

A

All have an elaborate skull

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14
Q

What class are Lampreys in?

A

Class Petromyzontidae

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15
Q

What is one thing common in Class Petromyzontidae?

A

Lampreys

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16
Q

Lampreys

A
  • Have vertebrates
  • Don’t have jaws
  • Mostly parasites on fish
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17
Q

What are Gnathostomes?

A

Vertebrates that have jaws

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18
Q

2 facts about Gnathostomes

A
  • Bigger brains

- Lateral line system

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19
Q

What is lateral line system?

A

Gnathostomes that are able to sense vibrations in the water

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20
Q

Dunkleosteus

A
  • One of the first Gnathostomes
  • Its fossils are in our back yard
  • Eat sharks
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21
Q

How are shark eggs fertilized?

A

Internally

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22
Q

What are the 3 different ways shark embryos can develop along with other vertebrates?

A
  • Oviparous
  • Ovoviviparous
  • Viviparous
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23
Q

What is a fossil of Gnathostomes?

A

Dunkleosteus

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24
What things do Class Chondrichytes include?
Sharks Rays Skates
25
What are some examples of living Gnathostomes?
Sharks Amphibians Reptiles
26
Oviparous
Lay eggs that hatch outside of mothers body
27
Ovoviviparous
Retain fertilized eggs, nourishes by the egg yolk the embryos develop that are born after hatching inside the mother
28
Viviparous
Placenta attached to the developing young
29
Class Chondrichthyes
- Cartilaginous skeleton - Aquatic Gnathostomes - Stream line body - Detect electrical fields
30
Class Actinopterygii
Bony skeleton | Have rays/Finns that give them structure
31
What somethings in Class Actinopterygii?
Ray-Finned fishes Round hobby Eel
32
Class Sarcopterygii
Missing link between fish and Tiktalik
33
What kind of things are in Class Sarcopterygii?
Lobe-Fins
34
Tetrapods
Gnathostomes with 4 limbs
35
Class Amphibia
- Moist skin - Lay eggs in damp area - Eggs don't have a shell - Lungs - Spend more time on land
36
What are some things in Class Amphibia?
Frogs Toads Salamanders
37
What are amniotes?
Tetrapods that have terrestrially adapted eggs
38
2 Important parts on the amniotes?
Amnion | Shell
39
Amnion
A fluid filled compartment around the embryo like a shock absorber
40
Shell
Used for protection
41
My way of remembering cladogram of Amniotic Vertebrates
``` Toilets Stink Like Crap Dookey Balls Mammals ```
42
Order of cladogram of Amniotic Vertebrates?
``` Turtles Snakes Lizards Crocodiles Dinosaurs Birds Mammals ```
43
Class Reptilia
- Shelled amniotic egg - Ectothermic - Dry scaly skin
44
Ectothermic
Depend on external surrounding to give them heart like the sun
45
Name some different types of Reptiles.
Turtles Alligators Crocodiles Birds
46
Turtles
Type of reptile Have shell Different type of skull
47
Alligators and Crocodiles
- Old Lineage - Closest relative to bird - 4 chambered heart - Vocalizations - Brood their young
48
What Class are Birds in even though they are Reptiles?
Class Aves
49
Class Aves
Birds - Scales evolved into feathers - Bones become hollow and light weight - Endothermic - Can Fly
50
Endothermy
Get heat from their own body and have a high metabolism
51
What is a relative of humans and why?
Dimetrodon Had changes to its skull
52
Class Mammalia
``` Amniotes Produce milk Evolved from synapsids Endothermy Scales evolved into hair ```
53
What are mammals?
Amniotes that have hair and produce milk
54
What did mammals evolve from?
Synapsids
55
Synapsids
Distinguished by hole on each side of the skull
56
Monotremes
Mammal Lay eggs Oldest group Don't have nipples
57
What things do Monostremes include?
Platypus
58
What are some examples of marsupials?
Possums Kangaroos Koalas
59
Marsupials
- Embryos born in immature stage - Have nipples - Later go into a pouch to develop fully
60
What is another name for Eutherians?
Placental Mammals
61
Eutherians
- Young attached to placenta | - Born in mature stage
62
What things are Eutherians?
Eye eyes | Dogs
63
What were the earliest known primates?
Tree dwellers
64
What 3 things do humans and primates have that helped things that lived in trees?
Eyes that look forward Arms in a shoulder pocket Fingers and toes for grasping
65
Order Primates
- Complex social behavior - Eyes - Fingers and toes - Arms
66
What are some examples of Primates?
``` Monkeys Orangutans Gorilla Chimps Humans ```
67
Family Hominidae
- In Order Primates - Mostly grouped by DNA - Capacity of language - Bipedal
68
How are humans and chimps related?
Share a common ancestor
69
How far are chimp and modern human lineages separated?
5 to 6 MYA
70
Bipedal
Walk in upright position on 2 feet
71
Where and when did Homo sapiens evolve?
195,000 years ago
72
What is the missing link of Homo sapien relatives and chimps?
Australopithecus
73
What are the differences between Australopithecus and humans?
Humans skull is bigger
74
What are the similarities between Australopithecus and humans?
Bipedal
75
What is the evolutionary history of humans?
Lower jaws set farther back Bigger brain Forehead pushed back Bigger body

Biology (9 decks)

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