Kingdom Animalia/ invertebrates Flashcards
Zoology
Study of animals
Zo-ology
Animal
Multicellular eukaryotic heterotroph that ingest its food
What is an invertebrate?
An animal without a backbone
How diverse are invertebrates?
95% of animals are invertebrates
What do invertebrates have to do with the Cambrian Explosion?
Invertebrates originated from the explosion
When we talk about invertebrates or animals what kingdom are we in?
Kingdom Animalia
What do Phylum Porifera include?
Sponges
6 facts about Phylum Porifera
- Asymmetrical
- No specialized tissue
- One cell type
- Filter feeders
- Choanocytes
- Mostly marine
What did animals evolve from?
Choanoflagellates
Choanocytes (2 facts)
What are the similar to?
Flagellated feeding cell in sponges
Traps food particles around its flagellum
Choanoflagellates
Phylum Cnidarians
Mouth and anus?
Symmetry?
Growth
- Radial symmetry
- Specialized tissue
- Cnidocytes
- Nematocysts
- Mouth and anus is same hole
What things are in Phylum Cnidaria?
Coral
Hydra
Jellyfish
What are Cnidocytes?
Type of cell tissue in tentacles that help catch their prey
Nematocysts
Specialized cnidae that kill prey
What do Phylum Platyhelminthes include?
Flatworms
Tapeworms
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Growth?
Symmetry?
Mouth and anus?
- Bilateral symmetry
- Pancaked worms
- Grow Continuously
- Mouth and anus same hole
- Digestive cavity
- No organs
- No body cavity
- Acoelomates
Coelomates
An animal that has a body cavity lined by tissue
What is one example of Flatworms?
Planaria
What kind of worms are classified under Class Cestoda?
Tapeworms
Class Cestoda
- Unique lifestyle
- Have to move through many things in as hosts in their life cycle
- Parasites
- Use sucker to latch onto host
- in P. Platyhelminthes
What common worm do Phylum Annelida include?
Segmented worms
Earth worms
Phylum Annelida
Growth?
Symmetry?
Mouth and anus?
- Bilateral symmetry
- Continuous growth
- Round body shape
- Rings/segment on body
- True coelomates
- Marine or freshwater
- Separate mouth or anus
What are the three main groups Phylum Annelida can be divided in?
Polychaeta
Oligochaetes
Leeches
Polychaete
Many bristles used to move
Oligochaetes
No worms
Earthworms-Detritovore-ingest organic debris like soil
Leeches
Free living parasite
What are some common things in Phylum Mollusca?
Snails Slugs Oysters Clams Octopuses Squids
Phylum Mollusca
Growth?
Symmetry?
Mouth and anus?
- Bilateral
- Continuous growth
- Coelomates
- 3/4 are gastropods
- Visceral mass
- Mantle
- Produce hard shell
- Foot to move around
- Separate mouth and anus
Visceral mass
In molluscs
Houses complex organs
Mantle
In molluscs
Tissue that protect visceral mass and can produce a hard shell
What phylum is Class Gastropoda in?
Phylum Mollusca
What kinds of things do Class Gastropoda include?
Snails
Slugs
Class gastropods
Facts about snails and slugs
-Continuos growth
-Coelomates
-3/4 of mulluscs are gastropods
Torsion
Snail-shell
Slug-soft shell or no shell
Torsion
What class does it refer to?
Anus up by their head
Class Gastropoda
What kinds of things do class Bilvalvia include?
Clams
Oysters
Mussels
Scallops
Class Bivalvia
- Enclosed in hard shells
- Shell divided into two halves
- 2 shells can come together
- Complex organs
- Suspension Feeders
What things are found in Class Cephalodopa?
Octopus
Squid
Nautilus
Octopus
Class Cephalodopa
Totally reduced mantle
Squid
Class Cephalodopa
Slightly reduced mantle
Nautilus
Class Cephalopoda
Mantle
Class Cephalopoda
- Complex eyes
- Foot is modified into arms
What is an interesting fact about Phylum Mollusca?
Most documented extinction
What is the common name for Phylum Roundworms?
Phylum Nematoda
What is an example of a virus or parasite of a round worm?
Trichinella which can infect humans and cause swelling around eyes if thy eat undercooked bear meat
What is another type of worm in Phylum Nematoda besides roundworms?
Hookworms
Phylum Nematoda
Growth?
Symmetry?
- Bilateral symmetry
- Grow by molting
- Cylindrical
- Longitudinal segments
- Mostly parasites
Molting
Grow in stages and have to shed their exoskeleton in order to grow again
Old Friend’s Hypothesis
Different places with different worms can treat autoimmune deficiencies
Phylum Arthopoda
Growth?
Symmetry?
- Bilateral symmetry
- Biggest Phylum
- Grow by molting
- Hard exoskeleton
- Segmented body
- Jointed appendages for locomotion and feeding
General characteristic of Arthopods?
Like army knife
Class Archnida
Have 8 legs
Class Insecta
- Have 6 legs
- Many have wings
- Wings are separate from legs
What are some things found in Class Insecta?
Butterfly’s
Walking stick
Beetles
Subphylum Crustacea
-Highly specialized branched appendages
What are some things in Sub Phylum Crustacea?
Crabs
Lobster
Copepods
Barnacle
What Phylum is Sub phylum Crustacea in?
Phylum Arthopoda
Protostome
Examples?
Embryo development mode where mouth develops first from blastopore
Molluscs
Annelids
Deuterostome
Examples?
Embryo development mode where anus is develops first from blastopore
Echinoderms
Chordates
What things to Phylum Echinoderms include?
Urchins
Sea cucumbers
Starfish
Sand Dollars
Phylum Echinodermata
Growth?
Symmetry?
- Young have bilateral symmetry
- Adults have radial symmetry
- Very slow or sessile
- Not invertebrates
- Have exoskeleton that gives them structure
- Water vascular system
Water vascular system
In Echinoderms
Allow them to draw water in and then spit it out to move and feed
What things evolved from Phylum Chordata?
Humans and animals
What kind of symmetry do Chordates have?
Bilateral symmetry
What are two variations of Cnidarians body plan?
Polyps
Medusa
Polyp
Sessile variant of cnidarian body plan
What are some examples of the polyp form?
Corrals
Medusa
Floating, flattened, mouth down version of cnidarian body plan
What are some examples of the medusa form?
Jellyfish
