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Biology > Fungi > Flashcards

Fungi Flashcards

0
Q

2 types of fungi that act as pathogens?

A
  1. Chesnut Blight- on Chestnut trees

2. Wheat ergot-fungi that grows on wheat and create LSD

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1
Q

What Kingdom are fungi in?

A

Unikonta

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2
Q

Salem Witch Trials and Fungi?

A

Crazy ness may have been caused by LSD in wheat bread

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3
Q

What are some practical uses of fungi?

A
  • Antibiotics
  • Foods
  • Kill bacteria for us
  • Yeast used to make beer, without O2 the end product is ethanol
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4
Q

How big is a honey mush room?

A

600 tons

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5
Q

Hyphae

A

Network of tiny filaments in fungi

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6
Q

What are fungal cell walls made of?

A

Chitin

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7
Q

Mycelia, Mycelium

A

Branched network of hyphae

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8
Q

What are the most common body structures of fungi?

A
  1. Unicellular-yeast
  2. Multicellular filaments
  3. Both
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9
Q

Mycorrhizae

A

Association of plant roots and fungus.

Help give plants phosphate to plants

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10
Q

What are the 2 main types of mycorrhizal fungi?

A

Ectomycorrihizal fungi

Endo or Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

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11
Q

Ectomycorrhizae

A

Grow outside of the roots of cell

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12
Q

Endo/ Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

A

Hyphae penetrate inside of cell wall

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13
Q

Specialized Hyphae in Mycorrhizal Fungi?

A

Trap and kill prey

Haustoria

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14
Q

Haustoria

A

Specialized hyphae that can get nutrients from living plant cells

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15
Q

Chemical Mycorrhizae Warfare

A

Garlic Mustard

Exotic plant that has become invasive by having their roots produce a chemical that kills off mycorrhizae of other plants

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16
Q

How do fungi reproduce?

A

Sexual

Asexual

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17
Q

Deuteromycetes

A

All fungi lacking sexual reproduction

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18
Q

How do fungi reproduce asexually?

A

Growing as single celled yeast that bud off.

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19
Q

2 ways fungi reproduce sexually?

A

Mycorrhizae exchange haploids

Shoot out spores

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20
Q

What is the ancestor of fungi?

A

An aquatic single celled flagellated protist

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21
Q

Opisthokonts

A

Fungi, animals, some protist with posterior flagellum

22
Q

Nucleariids

A

Unicellular protist
Consist of amoebas that eat bacteria and algae
Posterior flagella forever

23
Q

About when did fungi colonize land?

A

Around the same time as plants

420 MYA

24
Q

What evidence do we have of relationships between plants and fungi?

A

Fossils of hyphae that penetrated plant cells and formed haustoria and Arbuscular mycorrhizae

25
Q 
Phylum Chytridiomycota (fungi?)
4 facts
A
  • Fungi called chytrids
  • Have flagellated spores
  • wet/moist environment
  • Similar to Nucleariids
26
Q

Chytrids (phylum)

A

Chytridomycota

  • lakes and soil
  • decomposers
  • digest food in cattle stomach
  • cw made of chitin
  • zoospores
27
Q

Zoospores

A

Flagellated spores

Chytrids have them

28
Q

What are leas susceptible to parasitic fungi that what?

A

Animals

Plants

29
Q

BD

A

fungal infection that infect amphibians and eat away their charatin

30
Q

What is an exception that animals are less susceptible to parasitic fungi than plants?

A

Chytridomycousis

31
Q

Phylum Zygomycota ( 2 Examples)

A

Zygosporangium stage

Rhizopus stolonifer-Black bread mold
Pilobus-shoot spores toward bright light

32
Q

Phylum Glomeromycota

A

-Mostly all form Arbuscular mycorrhizae or endomycorrhizae

33
Q

Phylum Ascomycota

A
  • Produce spores in saclike during reproduction structure called ascus
  • important decomposers
34
Q

Study on how fungi also helps obtain nitrogen?

A

Endophytes benefit cacao trees by reducing leaf mortality and damage caused by a viral pathogen

35
Q

Fungi animal symbiosis

A

Fungi help animals digest food

Help ants digest leaves

36
Q

Ascomycete Delicacies

A

Truffles

Morsels

37
Q

Brain Fungus

What happens if its not properly cooked?

A

Poisonous false morsel

Release chemical called MMH which is used in rocket fuel

38
Q

Phylum Basidomycota

A

Common name is club fungi
Structure called basidium is club like
Important decomposers of wood

39
Q

4 Examples of Basidomycota?

A

Dog stinkhorns
Foxfire
Shelf fungi
Puffballs

40
Q

What sp includes magic mushrooms?

A

Psilocybe sp which produce psilocybin

41
Q

What can magic mushrooms help with?

A

Cluster headaches

42
Q

Why are Magic Mushrooms tough to ID?

A

Many mushrooms that look them are actually poisonous

43
Q

Fly Argaric

A

Produces chemical called Ibontenic acid

44
Q

What two things are lichens?

A

Pioneers- open new environments

Bio indicators- not tolerant to air pollution

45
Q

What are some things in Phylum Ascomycota?

3

A

Green Capped Jelly Bean
Penicillium
Dead mans fingers

46
Q

Facts about foxfire?

A

Are bioluminescent in sex stage or during warning coloration

47
Q

Mycosis

A

General term for a an infection caused by a fungal parasite

48
Q

Opportunistic mycoses

Example?

A

Occur when a change in the body’s microorganisms

Candida

49
Q

Candida

A

Yeast infection

50
Q

Systemic mycoses

Example?

A

Spread through the body and cause serious illness

51
Q

California/Valley Fever

A

Caused by fungal infection

52
Q

What is a practical antibiotic that uses fungi?

A

Penicillin

Biology (9 decks)

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