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Biology > Seed Plants > Flashcards

Seed Plants Flashcards

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0
Q

Seeds

A

Embryo and food supply surrounded by a protective coat

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1
Q

What advantages do seeds offer?

A

Food supply
Protective coating
Can withstand desiccation
Can travel further

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2
Q

Are seeds multicellular or unicellular?

A

Multicellular

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3
Q

What super group are Seedless plants in?

A

Archaeplastida

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4
Q

What two things are key adaptations for life on land?

A

Seeds

Pollen grains

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5
Q

In addition to seeds what are the 4 things common to all seed plants?

A

Reduced gametophytes (inside sporo)
Heterospory
Ovules
Pollen

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6
Q

Look of gametophytes of seedless vascular plants?

A

Visible to the naked eye

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7
Q

Look of gametophytes of seed plants

A

Microscopic

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8
Q

Heterospory

A

Produce 2 kinds of spores
Mega sporangia
Micro spores

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9
Q

Pollen grain

A

Structure consisting of male gametophyte enclosed within a pollen wall

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10
Q

Ovule

A

Megaspore or female structure

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11
Q

Pollen

A

Male sperm that doesn’t need water use wind or pollenator

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12
Q

What two sister classes so seed plants form?

A

Gymnosperms

Angiosperms

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13
Q

Gymnosperm/Naked Seeds (4 facts)

A

Seeds with nothing surrounding them
Usually have cones like pine trees
Use wind to reproduce
Typically on cones

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14
Q

When did gymnosperms originate?

A

About 305 MYA

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15
Q

What allowed gymnosperms to become the most dominant plant of the Mesozoic era? (2 things)

A

The tough armor

Thicker cuticle

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16
Q

What are the 4 phylums of gymnosperms?

A

Gnetophyta
Ginkophyta
Cycadophyta
Coniferophyta

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17
Q

Phylum Gnetoohyta (2 examples)

A

Tropical
Linked by DNA

  • Welswitschia-largest leaves live in desert
  • Ephedra-produce Ephedrine also called Mornon tea, used as decongestant
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18
Q

What are the advantages of seeds? (3 things)

A

Multicellular
Dormant for long time
Supply of stored food

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19
Q

Phylum Ginkophyta

A 
Endangered in China
Male and female seeds
Female produce fleshy seeds that stink
Ginko biloba is only surviving member of this phylum 
Deciduous fan blade leaf
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20
Q

Phylum Cycadophyta

Example

A

Large cones
Palm like leaves
Not common today

Cycas revoluta

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21
Q

Phylum Coniferophyta (6 examples)

A

Largest group alive today
Large trees like cypress
Mostly evergreens
Conifers-keep leaves all year

  • Douglas for
  • Sequoia
  • Bristlecone pine
  • Common juniper
  • Tamarack
  • Spruce
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22
Q

What are angiosperms commonly know as?

A

Seed plants

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23
Q

What 2 things do angiosperms include?

A

Flowers

Fruits

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24
Q

Angiosperms (1 example)

A

Cause hay fever
Shed in millions
Wind carries them

-Rafflesia which attracts flies as their pollinator

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25
Q

What influences the evolution of plants and vice versa?

A

Animals

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26
Q

Do a small or large portion of angiosperms fertilize through wind?

A

Small portion

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27
Q

What are the 4 modified leaves on a flower?

A

Sepals
Petals
Stamens
Carpels

28
Q

Flower

A

Angiosperm structure specialized for sexual reproduction

29
Q

Sepals

A

At base usually green and enclose flower

30
Q

Petals

A

Interior to sepals, brightly colored and help attract pollinators

31
Q

Stamens

A

Produce micro spores that have male gametophytes

32
Q

Carpels

A

Produce megastores that have female gametophytes

33
Q

Fruit

A

Mature ovary but can include other flower parts

34
Q

What two things can plants either be?

A

Dry

Fleshy

35
Q

Fruits protect _____ and aid in their ______.

A

Seeds

Dispersal

36
Q

Examples of fruits

A 
Tomatoes
Grapefruit
Nectarine
Hazelnut
Milkweed
Beans
37
Q

How do various fruit adaptations help to disperse seeds?

A

Water
Cling to animals fur and humans
Wings help them fly through sky
Edible fruits

38
Q

Cockleburs

A

Fruit that can stick to clothes

Type of angiosperm

39
Q

Kopi luwak

A

Civet eats coffee seeds

40
Q

Cross pollination

A

Transfer or pollen from an anther of a flower on one plant to the stigma

41
Q

Why do most flowers have mechanisms to ensure cross pollination?

A

Generic variability

So they won’t interbreed

42
Q

How many living species so angiosperms comprise?

A

250,000

43
Q

Previously what two groups were angiosperms divided into?

A

Monocots

Dicots

44
Q

DNA studies suggest that monocots form a…. but dicots are….

A

Clade

Polyphyletic

45
Q

What Phylum also has the name The Abominable Phylum?

A

Phylum Anthophyta

46
Q

Who coined the phrase the Abominable phylum?

A

Darwin

47
Q

What does Phylum Anthophyta refer to? What 4 things?

A

All angiosperms

  • Eudicots
  • Monocots
  • Basal Angiosperms
  • Magnoliids
48
Q

When did Angiosperm of Phylum Anthophyta originate?

A

140 MYA

49
Q

Monocots

(4 examples?

A

1/4 of angiosperms
One cotyledon inside their seeds

Rice
Corn
Bananas
Orchids

50
Q

Cotyledon

A

First and tiny leaf

51
Q

Eudicots (3 facts)

5 examples

A

2/3 of angiosperms
2 cotyledons inside their seeds
Include dicots

  • Zucchini
  • Rose
  • Pea plants
  • Oak tree
  • Maple tree
52
Q

How do chemoheterotrophic plants acquire energy?

A

Have to ingest energy source and carbon source

53
Q

4 Examples of chemoheterotrophic plants?

A
  1. Squawroot
  2. Ghost/Indian pipe
    - Both are parasitic trees in Ohio
  3. Rafflesia
  4. Mistletoe
    - Both are parasitic and steal carbon from host
54
Q

Are carnivorous plants photo autotrophs?

A

Yes an example is the Venus flu trap which eat insects because they live in low nitrogen environments

55
Q

Where do most of our food come from?

A

Angiosperms

56
Q

Name the common foods that come from angiosperms.

A 
Wheat
Rice
Maize
Potatoes
Sweet potatoes
Cassava
90% of calories ate by humans
57
Q

How much corn is fed to livestock?

A

38% of US corn

58
Q

What else do we depend on plants for?

A

Medicine
Raw materials for construction
Wood
Fuel

59
Q

GMO (5 facts)

A
  1. Double edges sword
  2. We have altered there genomes
  3. May become invincible (canola)
  4. Organisms we don’t want to kill May be killed (butterflies)
  5. Modified crops aren’t tested or regulated adequately
60
Q

Photoautotroph

A

Get energy from sunlight and carbon

61
Q

Chemoautotroph

A

Get energy from taking in organic compound like silver and carbon dioxide

62
Q

Photoheterotroph

A

Get energy from sun and absorb carbon compound

63
Q

What are flowering plants commonly known as?

A

Angiosperms

64
Q

What does the word angiosperm refer to?

A

Seeds contained in fruits

65
Q

In angiosperms the flower of the sporophyte is composed of what?

And what’s the catch?

A

Male and female structures

Reproductive structures are separated

66
Q

Is double fertilization unique to angiosperms or gymnosperms?

A

Angiosperms

67
Q

Threats to plant diversity?

A

Deforestation

Biology (9 decks)

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