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Seed Plants Flashcards

0
Q

Seeds

A

Embryo and food supply surrounded by a protective coat

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1
Q

What advantages do seeds offer?

A

Food supply
Protective coating
Can withstand desiccation
Can travel further

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2
Q

Are seeds multicellular or unicellular?

A

Multicellular

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3
Q

What super group are Seedless plants in?

A

Archaeplastida

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4
Q

What two things are key adaptations for life on land?

A

Seeds

Pollen grains

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5
Q

In addition to seeds what are the 4 things common to all seed plants?

A

Reduced gametophytes (inside sporo)
Heterospory
Ovules
Pollen

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6
Q

Look of gametophytes of seedless vascular plants?

A

Visible to the naked eye

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7
Q

Look of gametophytes of seed plants

A

Microscopic

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8
Q

Heterospory

A

Produce 2 kinds of spores
Mega sporangia
Micro spores

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9
Q

Pollen grain

A

Structure consisting of male gametophyte enclosed within a pollen wall

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10
Q

Ovule

A

Megaspore or female structure

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11
Q

Pollen

A

Male sperm that doesn’t need water use wind or pollenator

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12
Q

What two sister classes so seed plants form?

A

Gymnosperms

Angiosperms

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13
Q

Gymnosperm/Naked Seeds (4 facts)

A

Seeds with nothing surrounding them
Usually have cones like pine trees
Use wind to reproduce
Typically on cones

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14
Q

When did gymnosperms originate?

A

About 305 MYA

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15
Q

What allowed gymnosperms to become the most dominant plant of the Mesozoic era? (2 things)

A

The tough armor

Thicker cuticle

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16
Q

What are the 4 phylums of gymnosperms?

A

Gnetophyta
Ginkophyta
Cycadophyta
Coniferophyta

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17
Q

Phylum Gnetoohyta (2 examples)

A

Tropical
Linked by DNA

  • Welswitschia-largest leaves live in desert
  • Ephedra-produce Ephedrine also called Mornon tea, used as decongestant
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18
Q

What are the advantages of seeds? (3 things)

A

Multicellular
Dormant for long time
Supply of stored food

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19
Q

Phylum Ginkophyta

A 
Endangered in China
Male and female seeds
Female produce fleshy seeds that stink
Ginko biloba is only surviving member of this phylum 
Deciduous fan blade leaf
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20
Q

Phylum Cycadophyta

Example

A

Large cones
Palm like leaves
Not common today

Cycas revoluta

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21
Q

Phylum Coniferophyta (6 examples)

A

Largest group alive today
Large trees like cypress
Mostly evergreens
Conifers-keep leaves all year

  • Douglas for
  • Sequoia
  • Bristlecone pine
  • Common juniper
  • Tamarack
  • Spruce
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22
Q

What are angiosperms commonly know as?

A

Seed plants

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23
Q

What 2 things do angiosperms include?

A

Flowers

Fruits

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24
Angiosperms (1 example)
Cause hay fever Shed in millions Wind carries them -Rafflesia which attracts flies as their pollinator
25
What influences the evolution of plants and vice versa?
Animals
26
Do a small or large portion of angiosperms fertilize through wind?
Small portion
27
What are the 4 modified leaves on a flower?
Sepals Petals Stamens Carpels
28
Flower
Angiosperm structure specialized for sexual reproduction
29
Sepals
At base usually green and enclose flower
30
Petals
Interior to sepals, brightly colored and help attract pollinators
31
Stamens
Produce micro spores that have male gametophytes
32
Carpels
Produce megastores that have female gametophytes
33
Fruit
Mature ovary but can include other flower parts
34
What two things can plants either be?
Dry | Fleshy
35
Fruits protect _____ and aid in their ______.
Seeds | Dispersal
36
Examples of fruits
``` Tomatoes Grapefruit Nectarine Hazelnut Milkweed Beans ```
37
How do various fruit adaptations help to disperse seeds?
Water Cling to animals fur and humans Wings help them fly through sky Edible fruits
38
Cockleburs
Fruit that can stick to clothes | Type of angiosperm
39
Kopi luwak
Civet eats coffee seeds
40
Cross pollination
Transfer or pollen from an anther of a flower on one plant to the stigma
41
Why do most flowers have mechanisms to ensure cross pollination?
Generic variability So they won't interbreed
42
How many living species so angiosperms comprise?
250,000
43
Previously what two groups were angiosperms divided into?
Monocots | Dicots
44
DNA studies suggest that monocots form a.... but dicots are....
Clade | Polyphyletic
45
What Phylum also has the name The Abominable Phylum?
Phylum Anthophyta
46
Who coined the phrase the Abominable phylum?
Darwin
47
What does Phylum Anthophyta refer to? What 4 things?
All angiosperms - Eudicots - Monocots - Basal Angiosperms - Magnoliids
48
When did Angiosperm of Phylum Anthophyta originate?
140 MYA
49
Monocots | (4 examples?
1/4 of angiosperms One cotyledon inside their seeds Rice Corn Bananas Orchids
50
Cotyledon
First and tiny leaf
51
Eudicots (3 facts) | 5 examples
2/3 of angiosperms 2 cotyledons inside their seeds Include dicots - Zucchini - Rose - Pea plants - Oak tree - Maple tree
52
How do chemoheterotrophic plants acquire energy?
Have to ingest energy source and carbon source
53
4 Examples of chemoheterotrophic plants?
1. Squawroot 2. Ghost/Indian pipe - Both are parasitic trees in Ohio 3. Rafflesia 4. Mistletoe - Both are parasitic and steal carbon from host
54
Are carnivorous plants photo autotrophs?
Yes an example is the Venus flu trap which eat insects because they live in low nitrogen environments
55
Where do most of our food come from?
Angiosperms
56
Name the common foods that come from angiosperms.
``` Wheat Rice Maize Potatoes Sweet potatoes Cassava 90% of calories ate by humans ```
57
How much corn is fed to livestock?
38% of US corn
58
What else do we depend on plants for?
Medicine Raw materials for construction Wood Fuel
59
GMO (5 facts)
1. Double edges sword 2. We have altered there genomes 3. May become invincible (canola) 4. Organisms we don't want to kill May be killed (butterflies) 5. Modified crops aren't tested or regulated adequately
60
Photoautotroph
Get energy from sunlight and carbon
61
Chemoautotroph
Get energy from taking in organic compound like silver and carbon dioxide
62
Photoheterotroph
Get energy from sun and absorb carbon compound
63
What are flowering plants commonly known as?
Angiosperms
64
What does the word angiosperm refer to?
Seeds contained in fruits
65
In angiosperms the flower of the sporophyte is composed of what? And what's the catch?
Male and female structures Reproductive structures are separated
66
Is double fertilization unique to angiosperms or gymnosperms?
Angiosperms
67
Threats to plant diversity?
Deforestation

Biology (9 decks)

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