Bacteria Flashcards
Name two organisms that participate in nitrogen fixation.
Cyanobacteria
Methanogens
Nitrogen Fixation
Turning atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into a usable form called Ammonia (NH3)
Anabaena (4 facts)
Can use photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation
Only one at a time
Type of Cyanobacteria
Unicellular
Heterocyst (2 facts)
- A specialized cell that does nitrogen fixation in some filamentous
- Cyanobacteria like Anabaena
- Thick cell wall that doesn’t let oxygen enter
Class Alpha Proteobacteria
1 fact
(2 examples)
- Some sort of eukaryotic host
- Rhizobium-fix plants nitrogen and share it with plant
- Agrobacterium-May be a parasite and cause tumors in plants
Beta Proteobacteria (1 example)
Found in soil, fix N2 nitrosomonas
Nitrosomonas
What are the 5 phylums in Domain Bacteria.
- Proteobacteria
- Chlamydias
- Spirochetes
- Cyanobacteria
- Gram positive bacteria
What are the 5 classes in Phylum Proteobacteria.
- Alpha
- Beta
- Delta
- Beta
- Epsilon
Gamma Proteobacteria (3 examples)
- Thlomargarita namibienis- chemoautotroph inorganic molecule sulfur
- Legionella- heterotrophs, Legionarres disease
- Escherichia Coli-chemoheterotroph, normally not pathogenic
- Salmonella-chemoheterotroph
- Common pathogen that caused Black Plague, spread through rats
- Vibrio cholerae-cause Cholera
Delta Proteobacteria (Examples)
Secrete slime
- Chondromyces come together and form wolf packs when the environment becomes harsh
- Bdellovibrios- change into bacteria at 100 nm/s or 150 mph
Epsilon Proteobacteria
1 fact
(2 examples)
Pathogenic to humans and animals
- Helicobacter pylori- inflammation in stomach cause alcers
- Campylobacter- causes blood poisoning, diarrhea if we eat raw or undercooked poultry
Phylum Chlamydias
2 facts
(1 example)
Parasites can only survive within animal cells because they need ATP
Gram-negative they lack peptidoglycan
Clamydia can cause blind less
Chalymidia can be seen in koala bears
Phylum Spirochaetes
2 facts
(3 examples)
Helical heterotrophs
Spiral through environ. By rotating flagellum like filaments
Many are free living
- Leptospira
- Borrelia cause Lyme disease
- Treponema palladium-cause of syphilis
Phylum Cyanobacteria
2 facts
(2 examples)
Photoautotrophs
Can be solitary or filamentous
- Aphanizomenon- cause killing of dogs
- Microcystis- release toxins in Lake Erie if too many cause low 02 in water
Gram Positive Bacteria (2 examples)
- Bacillus anthracis-cause anthrax, forms endospore and can affect skin and respitory system
- Actinomycetes- mostly found in soil kill off microbes and used as antibiotics
Gram Positive Bacteria
Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium botulinum-
- Found in bottom of the ocean because there is no oxygen
- Ducks got botulism
- Die off waterdog
- Humans can get it if they can’t properly close cans
Gram Positive Bacteria
Clostridium tetani
- Anaerobic bacteria can form endospores
- Cause tetnis
- Tennis racquet shape
Gram Positive Bacteria Phylum Firmicutes (2 species)
-Lactobacillus help our digestive system, probiotic
- Prevotella sp.- found in obese people (high sugar diet)
- Bacteroides sp.- found in skinny people (less sugar more fat)
All the pathogenic prokaryotes known to date are…
Bacteria
Most widely spread pest-carried disease?
Lyme disease caused by bacterium carried by ticks that live on deer and field mice
Arthritis
Heart disease
Death
Nervous Disorders
Exotoxins
2 examples
Proteins secreted by certain bacteria and other organisms
- Cholera-diarrhea
- Clostridium Botulinum- when jars aren’t closed properly
4 Facts about Proteobacteria
Gram negative bacteria
Photo autotrophs
Chemoautotrophs
Heterotrophs
Actinomycetes
Gram positive bacteria
Cause TB and leprosy
Decompose organic matter in soil
Streptomyces
Gran positive Bacteria
Source of many antibiotics
Straphlococcus and Streptococcus
Gram positive bacteria
Pathogens
Parasites that cause diseases
Gram positive stable toilet paper
Staphlo/Stepto TB Athrax Botulism Leprosey Tetnis Phylum Firmicutes
