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Bacteria Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Name two organisms that participate in nitrogen fixation.

A

Cyanobacteria

Methanogens

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1
Q

Nitrogen Fixation

A

Turning atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into a usable form called Ammonia (NH3)

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2
Q

Anabaena (4 facts)

A

Can use photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation
Only one at a time
Type of Cyanobacteria
Unicellular

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3
Q

Heterocyst (2 facts)

A
  • A specialized cell that does nitrogen fixation in some filamentous
  • Cyanobacteria like Anabaena
  • Thick cell wall that doesn’t let oxygen enter
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4
Q

Class Alpha Proteobacteria
1 fact
(2 examples)

A
  • Some sort of eukaryotic host
  • Rhizobium-fix plants nitrogen and share it with plant
  • Agrobacterium-May be a parasite and cause tumors in plants
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5
Q

Beta Proteobacteria (1 example)

A

Found in soil, fix N2 nitrosomonas

Nitrosomonas

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6
Q

What are the 5 phylums in Domain Bacteria.

A
  • Proteobacteria
  • Chlamydias
  • Spirochetes
  • Cyanobacteria
  • Gram positive bacteria
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7
Q

What are the 5 classes in Phylum Proteobacteria.

A
  • Alpha
  • Beta
  • Delta
  • Beta
  • Epsilon
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8
Q

Gamma Proteobacteria (3 examples)

A
  • Thlomargarita namibienis- chemoautotroph inorganic molecule sulfur
  • Legionella- heterotrophs, Legionarres disease
  • Escherichia Coli-chemoheterotroph, normally not pathogenic
  • Salmonella-chemoheterotroph
  • Common pathogen that caused Black Plague, spread through rats
  • Vibrio cholerae-cause Cholera
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9
Q

Delta Proteobacteria (Examples)

A

Secrete slime

  • Chondromyces come together and form wolf packs when the environment becomes harsh
  • Bdellovibrios- change into bacteria at 100 nm/s or 150 mph
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10
Q

Epsilon Proteobacteria
1 fact
(2 examples)

A

Pathogenic to humans and animals

  • Helicobacter pylori- inflammation in stomach cause alcers
  • Campylobacter- causes blood poisoning, diarrhea if we eat raw or undercooked poultry
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11
Q

Phylum Chlamydias
2 facts
(1 example)

A

Parasites can only survive within animal cells because they need ATP
Gram-negative they lack peptidoglycan

Clamydia can cause blind less
Chalymidia can be seen in koala bears

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12
Q

Phylum Spirochaetes
2 facts
(3 examples)

A

Helical heterotrophs
Spiral through environ. By rotating flagellum like filaments
Many are free living

  • Leptospira
  • Borrelia cause Lyme disease
  • Treponema palladium-cause of syphilis
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13
Q

Phylum Cyanobacteria
2 facts
(2 examples)

A

Photoautotrophs
Can be solitary or filamentous

  • Aphanizomenon- cause killing of dogs
  • Microcystis- release toxins in Lake Erie if too many cause low 02 in water
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14
Q

Gram Positive Bacteria (2 examples)

A
  • Bacillus anthracis-cause anthrax, forms endospore and can affect skin and respitory system
  • Actinomycetes- mostly found in soil kill off microbes and used as antibiotics
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15
Q

Gram Positive Bacteria

Clostridium botulinum

A
  • Clostridium botulinum-
  • Found in bottom of the ocean because there is no oxygen
  • Ducks got botulism
  • Die off waterdog
  • Humans can get it if they can’t properly close cans
16
Q

Gram Positive Bacteria

Clostridium tetani

A
  • Anaerobic bacteria can form endospores
  • Cause tetnis
  • Tennis racquet shape
17
Q

Gram Positive Bacteria Phylum Firmicutes (2 species)

A

-Lactobacillus help our digestive system, probiotic

  1. Prevotella sp.- found in obese people (high sugar diet)
  2. Bacteroides sp.- found in skinny people (less sugar more fat)
18
Q

All the pathogenic prokaryotes known to date are…

A

Bacteria

19
Q

Most widely spread pest-carried disease?

A

Lyme disease caused by bacterium carried by ticks that live on deer and field mice

Arthritis
Heart disease
Death
Nervous Disorders

20
Q

Exotoxins

2 examples

A

Proteins secreted by certain bacteria and other organisms

  • Cholera-diarrhea
  • Clostridium Botulinum- when jars aren’t closed properly
21
Q

4 Facts about Proteobacteria

A

Gram negative bacteria
Photo autotrophs
Chemoautotrophs
Heterotrophs

22
Q

Actinomycetes

A

Gram positive bacteria
Cause TB and leprosy
Decompose organic matter in soil

23
Q

Streptomyces

A

Gran positive Bacteria

Source of many antibiotics

24
Q

Straphlococcus and Streptococcus

A

Gram positive bacteria

25
Q

Pathogens

A

Parasites that cause diseases

26
Q

Gram positive stable toilet paper

A 
Staphlo/Stepto
TB
Athrax 
Botulism 
Leprosey 
Tetnis 
Phylum Firmicutes

Biology (9 decks)

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