Viruses

Question 1

Characteristics of a virus

Answer 1

• relies on a host to replicate
• non living/ acellular
• very small

Question 2

Viruses possess a _____ shell/ coating that contains _____ ______

Answer 2

Protein, Nucleic Acids

Question 3

A viral particle (virion) contains

Answer 3

• DNA/RNA
• Protein coat
• carbohydrates and lipids (sometimes)

Question 4

Different structures of viruses

Answer 4

• Helical
• Polyhedral
• Spherecal
• complex

Question 5

Describe helical shaped viruses

Answer 5

shaped like a cylinder (helical) with a hollow center

Question 6

Describe polyhedral shaped viruses

Answer 6

they have multiple faces that take on different shapes (ex. triangles)

Question 7

Describe sphereical shaped viruses

Answer 7

enveloped spheres that contain DNA/RNA which are wrapped in a phospholipid bilayer

Question 8

Describe complex shaped viruses

Answer 8

comprised of any other shape of virus (example is bacteriophages)

Question 9

Define Capsid

Answer 9

protein coat of viruses

Question 10

the capsid is composed of _____

Answer 10

protein subunits

Question 11

How does the capsid maximize genetic storage?

Answer 11

comprised of a few different proteins, less proteins means less genetic code is needed

Question 12

Spike glycoproteins job is to

Answer 12

bind ot the receptor on host cells

Question 13

nucleocapsid protein

Answer 13

inner protein that contains nucleic acids

Question 14

Steps of viral reproduction

Answer 14

1. Adsorption
2. Penetration and uncoating
3. Replication of viral nucleic acids
4. Synthesis and assembly of capsids
5. Release of mature viruses

Question 15

Virus adsorption entails

Answer 15

protein on viral surface binds to the receptor on host cells via random collisions

Question 16

Penetration and uncoating entails

Answer 16

virus injecting nucleic material into the cytosol (sometimes nucleus) of the host cell

Question 17

When does the nucleic material enter into the nucleus vs the cytosol of the host cell?

Answer 17

virus RNA is activated in the cytosol while virus DNA is active in the nucleus of the host cell

Question 18

Viruses hijack host cell _____

Answer 18

machinery

Question 19

When the virus has control of the host cell machinery the cell cannot ______

Answer 19

undergo transcription/ translation because the enzymes and ribosomes are being used by the virus

Question 20

Viral polymerase creates

Answer 20

more copies of +/- RNA

Question 21

Viral transcriptase is used to

Answer 21

transform +/- RNA into + RNA

Question 22

Difference between + and - viral RNA

Answer 22

+RNA can be translated into proteins whiel -RNA cannot be

Question 23

Viral replicase can

Answer 23

Create new copies of viral RNA from the same type of RNA

Question 24

Viral integrase puts

Answer 24

Viral DNA into host DNA (H DNA can be used to create viral RNA)

Question 25

Retrovirus replicate by

Answer 25

integrating +RNA into Host DNA to create viral proteins

Question 26

Viral reverse trasncriptase is used to

Answer 26

transform viral +RNA into DNA

Question 27

Synthesis and assembly of capsids entails

Answer 27

new viral particles being created (self assembly)

Question 28

How are mature viruses released

Answer 28

enveloped viruses are released via exocytosis