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BIOE 367 > Cancer Physiology > Flashcards

Cancer Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Why is lung cancer so lethal?

A

Difficult to detect early because symptoms develop late

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2
Q

The most common cancer in women is

A

breast cancer

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3
Q

Leading cause of cancer death in men

A

prostate cancer

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4
Q

most common cancer in men

A

prostate cancer

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5
Q

What is malignant tumorigenesis

A

uncontrolled cell division in tumor

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6
Q

cancer comes from

A

DNA mutations

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7
Q

Causes of DNA mutations that lead to cancer

A
  • Environmental factors (Chemicals, radiation, UV light, Smoking, and Nitrates)
  • Inherited mutations
  • Spontaneous DNA mutations
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8
Q

Three types of genes that mutate to cause cancer

A
  • Onco genes
  • Tumor Supressor genes
  • DNA repair genes
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9
Q

Proto-oncogenes are responsible for

A

driving cell division

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10
Q

tumor suppressor gene is responsible for

A

stopping cell division

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11
Q

Oncogenes trigger

A

cell development

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12
Q

Cancer stems from

A

uncontrolled cell division

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13
Q

Oncogenes are a ______ signalling pathway which tells cells to _____

A

growth factor, grow

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14
Q

What is apoptosis

A

controlled cell death

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15
Q

Possible mutations of Onco genes

A
  1. Activates receptor in the absence of growth factor
  2. cell produces more growth factor
  3. Txn factors: DNA –> RNA
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16
Q

_______ of tumor suppressor genes lead to cancer

A

Absence/ Inactivation

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17
Q

Normal function of tumor suppressor gene

A

restrain cell proliferation

18
Q

P53 transcription factor is the _______ of the genome

A

guardian

19
Q

P53 txn factor prevents _________

A

DNA mutations being passed down to daughter cells

20
Q

DNA repair genes either

A
  1. Fix bad DNA
  2. Trigger apoptosis
21
Q

removal of DNA repair genes lead to the buildup of ______ or decrease in _____ that leads to cancer

A

Oncogenes, tumor suppression genes

22
Q

point mutation

A

single base pair change in DNA code.

23
Q

Hallmarks of cancer

A
  1. Sustaining proliferative signaling
  2. Evading growth suppressors
  3. Activating invasion and metastasis
  4. Enabling replicative immortality
  5. Inducing Angiogenesis
  6. Resisting of cell death
24
Q

Sustaining proliferative signaling is

A

the gas pedal of cell proliferation

25
Q

evading growth repressors is

A

the brakes of cell proliferation

26
Q

activating invasion and metastasis is

A

cells only grow in their own tissues but cancer can move in the body and grow in a new site

27
Q

enabling replicative immortality is

A

cells only divide so many times because telomeres become shorter when dividing. But not the case with cancer

28
Q

inducing angiogenesis is

A

cancer cells produce and form their own blood vessels

29
Q

Resisting cell death is

A

cancer resists apoptosis

30
Q

Angiogenesis definition

A

production of blood vessels

31
Q

a tumor can grow from a single cell with _____

A

mutations

31
Q

Angiogenesis cancer characteristics

A
  • Occurs rapidly with tumors
  • poorly formed network within tumors
32
Q

Cancer cells displace healthy cells by ________

A

competing for nutrients/ O2

33
Q

Function of blood vessels in tumor

A
  • take nutrients/ O2 to the tumor
  • Remove waste from the tumor
34
Q

Intra-tumor pressure is ____ due to no removal of waste

A

high

35
Q

Normal vasculature has _____ and ____ formed endothelial cell junctions

A

continuous, well

36
Q

Tumor has _____ or ______ vasculature

A

defective, leaky

37
Q

Cancer is

A

Uncontrolled cell proliferation

38
Q

Enhanced permeability and retention effect states

A

tumor blood vessels are formed rapidly and are leaky

39
Q

Tumors have a vessel network that has ______

A

heterogeneity

BIOE 367 (10 decks)

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