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MIIM30014 Virology > Virus Families and Classification (MST1 L2-10) > Flashcards

Virus Families and Classification (MST1 L2-10) Flashcards

1
Q

Which viral families are non-enveloped?

A

Reo, Calici, Picorna, Parvo, Papova, Adeno

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2
Q

Which family has ds RNA?

A

Reo

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3
Q

Which families have circular DNA?

A

Papova, Hepadna

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4
Q

Which families have a helical capsid?

A

Corona, Filo, Rhabdo, Bunya, Orthomyxo, Paramyxo

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5
Q

Do any of the DNA viruses have a helical capsid?

A

No

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6
Q

Which viruses with helical symmetry are non-enveloped?

A

None

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7
Q

What type of symmetry do all of the –ssRNA viruses have? Which families are these?

A

All helical.

Filo, Rhabdo, Bunya, Orthomyxo, Paramyxo

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8
Q

Which virus has a ds RNA genome? What kind of morphology does it have?

A

Reovirus. Non-enveloped, Icosahedral.

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9
Q

Which viruses have a +ssRNA genome? Do they all share the same morphology?

A

Calici, Picorna, Flavi, Toga, Retro, Corona.

No.
Calcici and Picorna are Icosahedral and non-enveloped.
Flavi, Toga and Retro are Icosahedral and enveloped.
Corona is Helical and enveloped.

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10
Q

Which DNA viruses are enveloped?

A

Hepadna, Herpes, Pox

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11
Q

Which virus is the biggest and most complicated? What kind of nucleic acid does it have?

A

Pox. Linear ds DNA that is X linked.

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12
Q

Which is larger, rabies or poliovirus? Which belongs to the Picornaviridae family and which belongs to the Rhabdoviridae?

A

Rabies is larger (170nm to 30nm)

Poliovirus is a Picornavirus, Rabies is a Rhabdovirus.

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13
Q

Which virus, out of Norovirus and Influenza virus would be hardier in the environment? Why?

A

Norovirus. It is a non-enveloped Calcivirus and much less fragile than the enveloped influenza virus (orthomyxovirus).

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14
Q

Which viruses are usually arboviruses?

A

Flavi, Toga, Bunya

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15
Q

Which virus contains 60 capsomers, each with one copy of four viral proteins?

A

Poliovirus (picornavirus)

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16
Q

Does Measles Virus enter a cell by endocytosis or fusion? What family of virus is it?

A

Fusion. Paramyxovirus.

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17
Q

What host receptors does Adenovirus interact with to enter a cell? Does it enter via fusion or endocytosis?

A

Integrin like Cell Adenovirus Receptors (CAR) via penton fibre. Endocytosis.

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18
Q

Which virus interacts has receptors in a “canyon” that interact with host cell CD155 before conformational changes in the VP1 capsid protein result in endocytosis?

A

Poliovirus.

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19
Q

What family of viruses have a double shelled capsid? How do these viruses enter a host cell (fusion or endocytosis) and what special particle is produced in the process? What is an example of a virus in this family that easily survives in the environment?

A

Reoviridae.
Receptor mediated endocytosis. Proteolytic modification of the capsid produces the Infectious Subviral Particle (ISVP)
Rotavirus.

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20
Q

Which viruses are in Baltimore class I? What does this mean?

A

Papova, Adeno, Hepadna, Herpes, Pox.

They have a dsDNA genome which is transcribed to form m+RNA.

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21
Q

Which viruses are in Baltimore class II? What does this mean?

A

Parvo.

It has a ssDNA genome which must become ds before m+RNA can be produced.

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22
Q

Which viruses are in Baltimore class III? What does this mean?

A

Reo.

It has a dsRNA genome which is converted to m+RNA.

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23
Q

Which viruses are in Baltimore class IV? What does this mean?

A

Calici, Picorna, Flavi, Toga, Corona.

They have +ssRNA which can immediately act as m+RNA

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24
Q

Which viruses are in Baltimore class V? What does this mean?

A

Filo, Rhabdo, Bunya, Orthomyxo, Paramyxo.

They have a –ssRNA genome which is a template for m+RNA

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25
Q

Which viruses are in Baltimore class VI? What does this mean?

A

Retro.
It has +ssRNA which is reverse transcribed to –DNA, then dsDNA before being integrated into the host genome and transcribed to m+RNA

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26
Q

Which DNA virus does not replicate in the nucleus?

A

Pox

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27
Q

Which virus has early genes transcribed in an anti-clockwise direction and late genes transcribed in a clockwise direction on the second strand of nucleic acid? What is an important product of the first viral mRNA and what does this protein do?

A

SV40 (Papovavirus).

Large T protein. Activates production of late genes/proteins by binding near the ORI and unwinding DNA.

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28
Q

What is Fork dsDNA replication? Which viruses use it?

A

DNA replication initiates at the ORI using a RNA primer and producing a leading and lagging strand.
Papova and Herpes.

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29
Q

What is displacement dsDNA replication? Which viruses use it?

A

Replication does not require a RNA primer (use protein, DNA hairpin) and there is no lagging strand.
Adeno and Parvo.

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30
Q

Which virus has an immediate early stage initiated by VP16? Which viral proteins that act on early gene expression are expressed as a result?

A

Herpes.

ICP4 and ICP0

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31
Q

What is the role of the terminal protein in viral DNA replication and which virus uses it?

A

Adeno.

Bound to 5’ end of each dsDNA strand and is primer for replication.

32
Q

Which virus has ITRs to act as primers and templates for dsDNA synthesis from a ssDNA genome?

A

Parvo

33
Q

Which virus contains its own RNA pol, DNA pol, capping enzyme, polyA polymerase? Does it carry splicing machinery? Where does it replicate?

A

Pox.
No.
Cytoplasm.

34
Q

Which virus has double walled viral particles with outer envelope and inner capsid as well as incomplete particles with only envelope protein?

A

Hepatitis B (Hepadna)

35
Q

Which virus makes pregenomic RNA that undergoes reverse transcription to make the dsDNA genome of extracellular virion?

A

Hepatitis B (Hepadna)

36
Q

Which viruses have a genome with a 5’ cap and 3’ polyA tail?

A

Corona, Toga

37
Q

Which virus has a genome with a 5’ cap but no 3’ polyA tail?

A

Flavi

38
Q

Which virus has a genome with no 5’ cap, but a 3’ polyA tail?

A

Picorna

39
Q

Which viruses make a dsRNA Replicative Intermediate during their replication cycle?

A

Calici, Picorna, Flavi, Toga, Corona

40
Q

Which viruses make single mRNA and subgenomic mRNA?

A

Toga, Calici

41
Q

Which virus has a 5’ cloverleaf, genomic CRE element and 3’ pseudoknot?

A

Poliovirus (picorna)

42
Q

Which virus has a genome with complimentary 5’ and 3’ ends that allow cyclisation? What recognises the complex?

A

Flavivirus.

NS5 (RdRp and methyltransferase)

43
Q

Which virus utilises a subgenomic promoter? What strand of RNA is transcribed from it? What kind of proteins does this lead to?

A

Toga.

Transcribes –strand to produce +RNA for structural proteins.

44
Q

Which virus utilises RdRp skipping to produce a nested set of 8 discontinuous subgenomic RNAs in the cytoplasm?

A

Coronavirus

45
Q

What kind of viruses can induce interferons and cytokines due to their replication method?

A

+ssRNA viruses. Process involves a dsRNA intermediate, foreign in human cells.

46
Q

Which viruses have 5’ IRESs that interact with translational machinery? What kind of nucleic acid do these viruses have?

A

Poliovirus (picorna), Hepatitis C (flavi)

+ssRNA

47
Q

Which virus makes a protease that degrades 5’ mRNA caps so that translation of viral proteins dominates translation of cellular proteins?

A

Poliovirus (picorna)

48
Q

Which virus uses read-through translation and progressive proteolytic cleavage of RNA-replicase polyprotein to change the template preference of the enzyme?

A

Togavirus

49
Q

Which virus is also known as Adeno-associated virus? What kind of nucleic acid does it have?

A

Parvovirus.

ssDNA

50
Q

What are Rep78/68? Which virus uses them during replication?

A

Viral proteins that nick dsDNA and define the end of a genome.
Parvovirus.

51
Q

Which virus has a dsDNA genome and can transcribe four different sized mRNAs that share a termination site?

A

Hepatitis B (Hepadnaviridae)

52
Q

Which –ssRNA viruses have segmented genomes?

A

Ortho, Bunya

53
Q

Which –ssRNA viruses have non-segmented genomes?

A

Filo, Rhabdo, Paramyxo

54
Q

What kind of viruses must carry a virion polymerase in their capsid? What families have this kind of nucleic acid?

A

-ssRNA viruses

Filo, Rhabdo, Bunya, Orthomyxo, Paramyxo

55
Q

What kind of virus has a genome made up of 8 –ssRNA segments? What important proteins does this virus carry in it’s virion?

A

Influenza (orthomyxo)
PB1, PA, PB2, (all 3 = RNP),
HA, NP (nucleocapsid protein), NA
MI (matrix), M2 (ion channel) (from spliced mRNA)
NS1, NEP/NS2 (capsid) (from spliced mRNA)

56
Q

Which RNA virus is unique in its utilisation of the host nucleus during replication? Why does it do this?

A

Influenza (orthomyxo)

It “snatches” 5’ caps from cellular RNA so viral RNA is translated.

57
Q

Which virus is dependent on the transcription of new host cell mRNAs?

A

Influenza (orthomyxo)

58
Q

What is an ambisense virus? What are examples of this?

A

Segmented, negative strand viruses. Both NA strands encode proteins.
Bunya, Arena, Phlebo, Tospo, Tenu

59
Q

What is a risk for dsRNA viruses? How is this overcome? What type of virus has a dsRNA genome?

A

dsRNA readily recognised as foreign, immune response.
Virus transcribe/replicate RNA concealed in inner core of virus. Prevents activation of IFN response.
Reo

60
Q

Which virus contains a packing signal near the left IR and ori? What are features of this sequence? What viral protein recognises it?

A

complex, repeated sequences. Overlapping with enhancers that stimulate late transcription.IV2a

61
Q

Which virus has a packaging signal in spliced regions to ensure that only genomic RNA is packaged as opposed to mRNAs?

A

HIV (retro)

62
Q

Which viruses assemble their virions through the association of separately translated monomeric proteins? What structures assemble in this way for these viruses?

A

SV40 pentamer units
Adenovirus penton spikes
HBV capsid

63
Q

Which viruses assemble their virions from polyprotein subunits that are refolded following proteolytic processing?

A

Poliovirus (picorna)

Retro

64
Q

Which virus requires a chaperone protein to correctly fold virion structural proteins? Which chaperone does it use and what structures are formed?

A

Adenovirus

Viral L4 for hexon trimers

65
Q

Which DNA virus has a RNA pre-genome and assembles in the cytoplasm?

A

Hepadna

66
Q

What kind of nucleic acid is usually found in viruses that escape host cells via lysis?

A

DNA

67
Q

What kind of viruses often import structural proteins into the nucleus before the can encapsidate their genome?

A

dsDNA

68
Q

Which virus has concatemers on its genome? What important signals are found in these regions and what do they do?

A

Herpes Virus
HSC-1 packaing signals: pac1, pac2
Allow genome to be recognised and cleaved in DR1 so it can be encapsidated.

69
Q

Which virus utilises viral scaffolding proteins during genome packaging? How is scaffold removed?

A 
Herpesvirus
Viral protease (VP24)
70
Q

The 5S structural unit is a feature of which virus? Which proteins are in it and what are they cleaved by?

A

Poliovirus (picorna)
VP2 and 4 (VP0), VP3, VP1
Cleaved by 3CDpro viral protease

71
Q

Which virus assembles in the rER lumen before exiting the cell via the golgi and recycling endosome and exocytosis?

A

Flavivirus

72
Q

Which virus relies on host Furin to cleave prM to M in order to prevent its envelope fusing with cellular membranes?

A

Flavivirus

73
Q

Which virus assembles at the cell membrane due to the accumulation of TM-SU and myr-MA-GAG I lipid rafts?

A

HIV (retro)

74
Q

Which virus hijacks host microtubules and actin to exit the cell?

A

Vaccina (pox)

75
Q

Which virus assembles its capsid in the nucleus before going through envelopment/de-envelopment through the nuclear membrane and final assembly via budding through the golgi and exiting via exocytosis?

A

Herpesvirus

MIIM30014 Virology (23 decks)

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