Epidemiology (24) Flashcards
What best describes an epidemiological term?
a. Sporadic refers to diseases that are present in a community at all times but at a low frequency
b. An endemic involves a disease affecting more than one WHO region
c. An epidemic involves a sudden severe outbreak within a region
d. A pandemic refers to occasional cases of disease
c. An epidemic involves a sudden severe outbreak within a region
Which is not a criterion for a pandemic?
a. Disease causes severe infection
b. The disease is novel
c. Many people are susceptible
d. The disease is easily transmitted
a. Disease causes severe infection
What is involved in the SIR paradigm?
a. The categories are independent of one another
b. The susceptible population is influenced by the infectious population (β)
c. “I” stands for immunised members of the population
d. The susceptible population directly influences the recovered population
b. The susceptible population is influenced by the infectious population (β)
Which influences a virus’s capacity to cause disease?
a. Induction of immune response
b. Latency
c. Duration of infectiousness
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
What is a population determinant that WON’T promote spread?
a. Low birth rate
b. Overcrowded households
c. Extensive social networks
d. Dense populations
a. Low birth rate
What is not part of syndromic surveillance?
a. It involves astute clinical detection
b. It is based around patterns of clinical symptoms
c. It analyses individual disease diagnoses
d. It is used to identify unseasonal activity
c. It analyses individual disease diagnoses
What is an intervention in disease control?
a. Vaccines are non-pharmaceutical interventions
b. Environmental and personal hygiene are inefficient
c. Case and contact quarantine can be used as a non-pharmaceutical intervention
d. Social distancing is considered a pharmaceutical interventions
c. Case and contact quarantine can be used as a non-pharmaceutical intervention
What determines the clinical impact of a disease outbreak?
a. The resources required for social distancing
b. The severity and transmissibility of a virus
c. The pharmaceutical measures required to prevent transmission
d. The host susceptibility and proximity to viral vectors
b. The severity and transmissibility of a virus
What is not an aim of disease intervention?
a. Total eradication
b. Transmission reduction
c. Mitigation
d. Containment
a. Total eradication
Containment is not:
a. A stringent measure to prevent disease transmission
b. Socially disruptive
c. Achievable without much labour
d. Only possible when transmissibility is low
c. Achievable without much labour
What is NOT a feature of transmission reduction?
a. It cannot be achieved through vaccination
b. It slows down an epidemic
c. It reduces the height of peaks
d. It can identify key transmitters
a. It cannot be achieved through vaccination
What is NOT used to mitigate sever outcomes of disease?
a. Introduce prevention or early treatment measures
b. Identify vulnerable groups
c. Reduce the risk of critical care requirement and death
d. Isolate all susceptible individuals
d. Isolate all susceptible individuals
• Pandemics only involve diseases with severe clinical outcomes.
F
• Environmental risk factors such as sanitation and proximity to a vector population can influence the spread of a disease.
T
• Sero-surveillance is based on asymptomatic individuals who encounter a virus and develop antibodies to it.
T
