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Principles of Infectious Diseases > Virulence in Bacteria > Flashcards

Virulence in Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Symbiotic are

A

living together

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2
Q

Obligate symbiotic

A

Need host

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3
Q

Mutualism

A

both are necessary and relation is positive for both

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4
Q

Commensalism

A

Good for one no problem for the other

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5
Q

Parasitism

A

One takes advantage of the other

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6
Q

What is balanced pathogenicity

A

Damage with recovery

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7
Q

What is unbalanced pathogenicity

A

High damage or death

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8
Q

Infection

A

Invasion and multiplication of micro organisms

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9
Q

Disease (3)

A

Structural and functional damage
Clinical or subclinical
Opportunistic

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10
Q

What is adhesion

A

Binding to surface of host’s cell

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11
Q

How can adhesion be done

A

Flagella

Pili/ Fimbrae

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12
Q

Flagella (5)

A 
Listeria monocyte
Not in all bacteria
Helps with motility
H-antigens 
Mainly in Gran negative bacteria
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13
Q

What types of antigens have flagella

A

H antigens

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14
Q

Composition of flagella

A

Flagellin

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15
Q

Pilli helps with

A

Adhesion

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16
Q

What type of antigens have Pili

A

F antigens

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17
Q

EC Invasion

A

Thrombosis, local use of nutrients

Can cause an immunological reaction

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18
Q

Facultative IC Invasion

A

Cell Lysis

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19
Q

Obligate IC invasion

A

Cell lysis

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20
Q

What are the virulence factors involved in invasion

A

Capsule
Proteins that circumvent innate immunity
Iron uptake
Production of EC enzymes

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21
Q

What type of EC enzymes are involved with invasion (6)

A 
Hyaluronidases
Collagenases
Fibrinolysins
Coagulases
Hemolysins
Leucocidins
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22
Q

T or F

Capsule is present in ALL bacteria

A

False

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23
Q

Virulence factor of capsule (5)

A 
Colonization
Invasion
Adhesion
Protection
Capsular antigens (K-Antigens)
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24
Q

Exotoxins are

A

Bacterial metabolites

Proteins with general high molecular weight

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25
Q

Example of bacterial metabolites of exotoxins

A

Clostridium

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26
Q

Anatoxins are

A

Chemical treats toxins like formalin

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27
Q

Types 1 exotoxins (2)

A

Bind receptor

Disturbance of cell metabolism

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28
Q

Examples of Type 1 exotoxins (3)

A

STA of ETEC
Clostridium Perfringens
Staphylococci and Streptococci

29
Q

Type 2 exotoxins

A

Cell wall damage

30
Q

Examples of type 2 exotoxin (2)

A 
Staphylococcus aerus (alpha toxin) 
Actinobacillus pleuropneumae (APX toxins) (pore forming)
31
Q

Type 3 exotoxins (3)

A

IC toxins
A component- goes IC
B component- Binds to membrane

32
Q

Endotoxins (5) (Is and what causes)

A 
Cell wall components
Gram negative
Cause tissue damage
cardiovascular shock
Death
33
Q

T or F

LPS is Heat stable

A

TRUE

34
Q

Functions of LPS

A

Protection against toxin products and complement

35
Q

Toxin cell wall is what type of stain

A

GRAM POSITIVE

36
Q

Components of the toxin cell wall (3)

A

Lipotenoic Acid
Liporabinomannan (Mycobacteria) (LAM)
Peptidoglycan

37
Q

What is the general sickness of the toxin cell wall

A

Fever

But causes tissue damage, cardiovascular shock, and death

38
Q

Hageman factor is

A

Intravascular coagulation

39
Q

Secretion systems (3)

A

Porin
Injection System
Membrane Vesicles

40
Q

Membrane vesicles are

A

Spheric structures

41
Q

Membrane vesicles contain (4)

A

Enzymes
Exotoxins
DNA (transformation)
Signal Molecules

42
Q

Roles of membrane vesicles (7)

A 
Pathogenicity
Signaling 
excretion of toxic products
Killing of competitors
Immunomodulation
Excretion of bacterial toxics
Transformation
43
Q

Composition of Biofilm

A

Polysaccharides
Protein
DNA

44
Q

Endocarditis is

A

Bacterial persistence

45
Q

Biofilm can cause

A

Local damage

Reduced susceptibility to antibiotics

46
Q

Role of lipoproteins-porins of the outer membrane

A

Pathogenicity

  • Adhesion
  • Iron uptake
47
Q

When does the iron uptake occurs

A

In first line of defense

48
Q

Serum

A

Transferrin

49
Q

Mucosae

A

Lactoderm

50
Q

Virulence factors and innate immunity (4)

A

No complement activation
No lysis of bacterium
Inhibition of the complement mediated inflammation
IC multiplication

51
Q

Phagocytes are

A

Macrophages

Neutrophils

52
Q

Cellular mechanisms of Innate IS (2)

A

Phagocytes

NK cells

53
Q

Virulence factors against phagocytes

A

EC bacteria
Biofilm
Facultative IC

54
Q

What are attenuated vaccines

A

With living organisms

55
Q

What are the vaccines without any living organisms

A

DNA Vaccines

Vaccines based on antigens

56
Q

Toxoid

A

Inactivated exotoxin

57
Q

Vaccines based on antigens

A

Toxoid
Bacterins
Subunit vaccines

58
Q

Bacterins

A

inactivated complete bacterium

59
Q

What are the subunit vaccines

A

Fimbrae, surface antigens

Isolated fro; bacterium or recombinant

60
Q

Examples of attenuated vaccines

A

BCG vaccine (TB)
Bordetella bronchioseptica
E. coli

61
Q

Attenuated vaccines (5)

A 
Not so frequent against bacteria
Both cellular and humoral immunity
One vaccination
Fast induction
Vectors vaccines
62
Q

T or F

For attenuated vaccines, several vaccines have to be administered

A

FALSE

only one

63
Q

Vector vaccines (2)

A

use attenuated salmonella

Expression of immunogen epitope

64
Q

Attenuation

A

Serial passages in vitro

Genetic manipulation

65
Q

Vaccines based on antigens

A

Needs more than one administration
Safe
Mainly produced of antibodies

66
Q

Toxoid of vaccines based of antigens

A

Exotoxin and formol

Recombinant

67
Q

Bacterins of vaccines based of antigens

A

Complete bacterium

Bacterium isolated from diseased animals and inactivation

68
Q

Subunits of vaccines based of antigens

A

Fimbrae
Iron capture system
Transferrin binding proteins

Principles of Infectious Diseases (12 decks)

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