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Principles of Infectious Diseases > Virulence and Pathogenicity > Flashcards

Virulence and Pathogenicity Flashcards

1
Q

Pathogenicity

A

Ability of a virus to cause disease in host

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2
Q

Pathogen

A

Virus that can cause disease

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3
Q

Pathogenesis

A

Manner or Mechanisms of development of disease

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4
Q

Virulence

A

Degree of pathogenicity

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5
Q

Avirulent

A

Non virulent or no damage to host

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6
Q

Variables related to virus that affect virulence (5)

A 
Genetic variation of virus
Route of entry
Affinity to organs
Dose of infection
Immuno Evasion
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7
Q

Variables related to HOST that affect virulence

A

Species
IS
Host physiological factors such as nutrition, age, etc.
Fever

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8
Q

LD 50

A

Minimum dose of a virus that can cause death in 50 % of a population

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9
Q

Routes of infection (5)

A 
Skin
Mucous Membrane
GIT
Transcutaneous Infection
Respiratory tract
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10
Q

Transcutaneous infections are through

A

Bites of arthropods, infected animals, or contaminated objects (syringes)

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11
Q

How can a virus spread in host (6)

A 
Local spread on epithelial surfaces
To subepithelial invasion and lymphatic spread
To bloodstream the all over
Disseminated Infection
Systemic Infection
Via Nerves
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12
Q

Viremia

A

Presence of virus in blood

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13
Q

Primary Viremia can happen how (2)

A

From epithelium to blood

Directly injected through bite or syringe

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14
Q

What is primary viremia

A

initial entry to BLOOD

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15
Q

What does it means that is in 2ry viremia

A

Virus has replicated and multiplied in major ORGANS and once more entered the circulation

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16
Q

Disseminated infection is

A

Spread beyond Primary site of infection

17
Q

Systemic infection

A

If a number of organs or tissues are infected

18
Q

Spread through nerves (4)

A

Peripheral nerves
Receptor neurons in nasal olfactory epithelium
Cross BBB
CNS

19
Q

Neurotropic virus

A

Viruses that can infect neural cells

May occur by neural or hematogenous spread

20
Q

Neuroinvasive

A

Enter CNS after infection of peripheral site

21
Q

Neurovirulent

A

Can cause disease of nervous tissues, manifested by neurological symptoms and often death

22
Q

Pantropic viruses

A

Can replicate in more than one host organ tissue

23
Q

Mechanisms of viral injury (5)

A

Inhibition of host cell nucleic acid synthesis
Inhibition of host cell RNA synthesis (transcription)
Inhibition of protein synthesis
Cytopathic effects of Toxic viral proteins
Interference with cellular membrane function

24
Q

What are the outcomes of viral injury (5)

A 
Cell lysis/bursting following virus replication allowing release of new viruses
Apoptosis
Oncoviruses
Persistent infection
Immunosuppression
25
Q

Oncoviruses

A

Viruses that can cause cancer

26
Q

Acute Infection (referring to shedding)

A

Intensive shedding in short period of time

27
Q

Persistent (referring to shedding)

A

Shed at lower titers for longer periods

28
Q

Vesicles

A

Fluid filled sacs

29
Q

Ulcer

A

Opening in skin caused by sloughing of necrotic tissue, extending past the epidermis

30
Q

Nodules

A

Solid tumorous Mass

31
Q

Warts

A

Benign skin growths that appear when a virus infects the top layer of skin

32
Q

Erythema

A

Reddening of skin

33
Q

Virus injury in GIT

A

Ingestion
Destruction of intestinal erythrocytes
Malabsorption, diarrhea
Dehydration

34
Q

Lytic is

A

destruction or bursting of neurons

35
Q

Neuronal Necrosis

A

Death of cell body tissue

36
Q

Neuronophagia

A

Killing or devouring of neuronal cells by phagocytic cells

37
Q

Perivascular cuffing

A

Inflammatory cells around blood vessels

38
Q

Viral infection to homeopathic system

A

Damage to endothelium (hemorrhage)

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (cloths form before hemorrhage)

39
Q

Teratogenic viruses

A

Cause developmental defects of embryo of fetus in utero infection

Principles of Infectious Diseases (12 decks)

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