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Principles of Infectious Diseases > Bacteriology > Flashcards

Bacteriology Flashcards

1
Q

What do eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have in common? (4)

A

Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
DNA
Ribosome

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2
Q

Main group of molecules in the cytoplasm (3)

A

Macromolecules
Small molecules
Inorganic Ions

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3
Q

What type of small molecules are in the cytoplasm

A

Those that are energy sources, precursors of macromolecules, metabolites, vitamins

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4
Q

Where are the nucleoid and ribosomes located

A

Cytoplasm

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5
Q

What’s in the nucleoid (3)

A

DBA
Proteins
RNA

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6
Q

The bacterial chromosomal DNA is

A

a large circular macromolecule also called Bacterial Genome

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7
Q

Proteins in the nucleoid include (2)

A

Proteins involved in DNA compaction

Transcript factors that regulate expression of the bacterial genome

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8
Q

mRNA in the nucleoid encodes for

A

proteins

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9
Q

ncRNA in nucleoid is involved in

A

DNA organization and expression of bacterial genome

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10
Q

What is the plasmid

A

circular molecules of DNA that replicates separately from chromosome

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11
Q

T or F

The plasmid is part of the nucleoid

A

False

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12
Q

Why is the plasmid important

A

Contains virulence factors and resistance genes

Some transfer cell to cell by conjugation

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13
Q

The cell wall of bacteria is composed of

A

Proteoglycan layer

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14
Q

Members of the bacterial envelope (6)

A 
Cytoplasmic membrane
Cell wall
Periplasmic Space
Outer membrane (gram negative)
Capsule
Pilli, Fimbrae, flagella, secretion systems
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15
Q

Main structural classes of bacteria

A 
Gram Negative (PINK)
Gram positive (PURPLE)
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16
Q

Gram negative (4)

A

PINK
Outer and cytoplasmic membrane
Thin Layer of peptidoglycan
Lipopolysaccharides in outer membrane

17
Q

Gram positive

A

PURPLE
Cytoplasmic membrane
Thick layer of peptidoglycan
Teichoic acids attached to peptidoglycans

18
Q

T or F

Gram negative have a thick layer of peptidoglycan

A

False

THIN

19
Q

Which type of molecules pass the cytoplasmic membrane by passive diffusion

A

HYDROPHOBIC compounds

20
Q

Type of Proteins in cytoplasmic membrane (2)

A

Transport
Energy generation components
Proteins that function as anchor or help in assembly of external structures

21
Q

Transport proteins

A

Enable specific transport of molecules into the cell and export molecules out of cytoplasm

22
Q

Energy generation components are used for

A

Synthesis of ATP

23
Q

Functions of cytoplasmic membrane

A

Selective permeable barrier
Energy Generation
Serves as an anchor for external structures

24
Q

The peptidoglycan layer consists of

A

Polymers of disaccharides that are cross linked with short chains of amino acids by transpeptidase enzymes called penicillin-binding proteins

25
Q

The lipopolysaccharides in the outer membrane prevent diffusion of

A

Hydrophobic compunds

26
Q

The porin proteins allow what to enter the cell

A

Hydrophilic molecules such as nutrients

27
Q

Transporter Proteins

A

Enable specific transport of important larger nutrients into cell

28
Q

Transporter proteins

A

enable specific transport of important larger nutrients into cell

29
Q

Flagella is for

A

Motility

30
Q

Pili/ Fimbrae us for

A

Adherence to surfaces or bacterial interaction

They’re usually shorter and more stiff than flagella

31
Q

Sex pilus

A

Involved in bacterial conjugation (transfer of DNA or Plasmids)

32
Q

Secretion systems

A

release proteins into environment or host

33
Q

Function of the capsule (3)

A

Help bacteria evade IS and prevent engulfment by WBC
Aids in attachment
Increase tolerance to antimicrobial agents

34
Q

Structure of the capsule

A

Polysaccharide layer

Bacterial colonies have a mucoid appearance

35
Q

Function of the endospore

A

dormant bacteria that can survive in adverse environmental conditions and for long periods of time

Principles of Infectious Diseases (12 decks)

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