Bacteriology Flashcards
What do eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have in common? (4)
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
DNA
Ribosome
Main group of molecules in the cytoplasm (3)
Macromolecules
Small molecules
Inorganic Ions
What type of small molecules are in the cytoplasm
Those that are energy sources, precursors of macromolecules, metabolites, vitamins
Where are the nucleoid and ribosomes located
Cytoplasm
What’s in the nucleoid (3)
DBA
Proteins
RNA
The bacterial chromosomal DNA is
a large circular macromolecule also called Bacterial Genome
Proteins in the nucleoid include (2)
Proteins involved in DNA compaction
Transcript factors that regulate expression of the bacterial genome
mRNA in the nucleoid encodes for
proteins
ncRNA in nucleoid is involved in
DNA organization and expression of bacterial genome
What is the plasmid
circular molecules of DNA that replicates separately from chromosome
T or F
The plasmid is part of the nucleoid
False
Why is the plasmid important
Contains virulence factors and resistance genes
Some transfer cell to cell by conjugation
The cell wall of bacteria is composed of
Proteoglycan layer
Members of the bacterial envelope (6)
Cytoplasmic membrane Cell wall Periplasmic Space Outer membrane (gram negative) Capsule Pilli, Fimbrae, flagella, secretion systems
Main structural classes of bacteria
Gram Negative (PINK) Gram positive (PURPLE)
Gram negative (4)
PINK
Outer and cytoplasmic membrane
Thin Layer of peptidoglycan
Lipopolysaccharides in outer membrane
Gram positive
PURPLE
Cytoplasmic membrane
Thick layer of peptidoglycan
Teichoic acids attached to peptidoglycans
T or F
Gram negative have a thick layer of peptidoglycan
False
THIN
Which type of molecules pass the cytoplasmic membrane by passive diffusion
HYDROPHOBIC compounds
Type of Proteins in cytoplasmic membrane (2)
Transport
Energy generation components
Proteins that function as anchor or help in assembly of external structures
Transport proteins
Enable specific transport of molecules into the cell and export molecules out of cytoplasm
Energy generation components are used for
Synthesis of ATP
Functions of cytoplasmic membrane
Selective permeable barrier
Energy Generation
Serves as an anchor for external structures
The peptidoglycan layer consists of
Polymers of disaccharides that are cross linked with short chains of amino acids by transpeptidase enzymes called penicillin-binding proteins
The lipopolysaccharides in the outer membrane prevent diffusion of
Hydrophobic compunds
The porin proteins allow what to enter the cell
Hydrophilic molecules such as nutrients
Transporter Proteins
Enable specific transport of important larger nutrients into cell
Transporter proteins
enable specific transport of important larger nutrients into cell
Flagella is for
Motility
Pili/ Fimbrae us for
Adherence to surfaces or bacterial interaction
They’re usually shorter and more stiff than flagella
Sex pilus
Involved in bacterial conjugation (transfer of DNA or Plasmids)
Secretion systems
release proteins into environment or host
Function of the capsule (3)
Help bacteria evade IS and prevent engulfment by WBC
Aids in attachment
Increase tolerance to antimicrobial agents
Structure of the capsule
Polysaccharide layer
Bacterial colonies have a mucoid appearance
Function of the endospore
dormant bacteria that can survive in adverse environmental conditions and for long periods of time
