Antibiotics Flashcards
Antibiotic
Chemical substance that is produced by microorganisms and has the capacity in dilute solution to selectivity inhibit growth or kill other microorganisms
Antimicrobial/ Antibacterial
Any substance of natural, semisynthetic or synthetic origin that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms/ bacteria but causes little or no damage to host
T or F
All antibiotics are antimicrobials but not all antimicrobials are antibiotics
True
Antimicrobial use in animals
Therapeutic use
Prophylactic use
Metaphylactic use
Growth promotion
Therapeutic use
When diseased animals are treated to cure infection
Prophylactic use
When healthy herds or animals are used to prevent infection
Metaphylactic use
When diseased herds are treated to cure infection in some individuals and prevent infection
Growth promotion
when healthy animals are treated with low concentrations in feed to improve growth rate and efficiency to feed utilization and improve reproductive performance
Classification of antimicrobial agent (5)
Chemical structure origin Effect on bacteria Spectrum activity Mode of Action
Classification according to origin refers to
Natural
Synthetic
Semi synthetic
Natural antibacterial
Produced by fungi and bacteria (antibiotics)
Synthetic
Chemically designed
Semi synthetic
Chemically altered
Class Aminoglycoside originate from
Streptomyeces spp
Class Cephalosporin origin
Cephalosporium
Class Macrolides origin
various Actinomyecetes
Class penicillin originate
Penicillum sp
Class Phenicols originate
Streptomyeces venezuelae
Quinolones originate
Synthetic
Rifamycins originate
Amycolaptosis mediterranei
Sulfonamides originate
Synthetic
Tetracycline originate
Streptomyeces sp.
Bactericidal drugs
KILL
Bacteriostatic drugs
Inhibit growth
Bacteriostatic drugs (7)
Lyncomycin Clindamycin Erythromycin Chloramphenicol Sulfadiazine Tetracyclines Doxycycline
Bacteriocidal Drugs (10)
Gentamicin Amikacin Cefalexin Ceftiofur Vancomycin Penicillin G Ampicillin Eroflaxin Ciproflaxin Rifampicin
Narrow Spectrum
Drugs have activity restricted to few bacterial groups
Broad spectrum
Drugs have activity against a wide range of different bacterial organisms
Co resistance
Co-existence of multiple genes or mutations encoding resistance to different drugs within same strain or genetic element
Co-selection
Selection of multiple resistance genes when one of these gene is selected
