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Principles of Infectious Diseases > Disease Reseviours and Transmission > Flashcards

Disease Reseviours and Transmission Flashcards

1
Q

Latent period

A

Microbe is replicating BUT NOT YET enought for the host to become infectious

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2
Q

Incubation perdiod

A

Microbe is replicating but not symptomatic yet. DOES NOT ALWAYS correlate with latent period

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3
Q

Infectious disease

A

Disease caused by invasion and multiplication of a living agent in/on host

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4
Q

Infestation

A

Invasion, but not multiplication of an organism in/on host

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5
Q

Contagious

A

Disease transmissable from one human/animal to another via direct or airbourn routes

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6
Q

Communicable

A

Disease caused by an agent capable of transmission by direct, indirect routes from infected peron, animal, plant, or contaminated inamite reseviour

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7
Q

Zoonotic

A

Transmitted from animals to humans

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8
Q

Disease transmission results from what

A

Interaction between host, environment, agent

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9
Q

What is a reseviour

A

Habitat in which an infectious agent normally lives, grows, and multiplies

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10
Q

How is the interaction between pathogen and reseviour

A

Pathogen can mutate to escape immunity, so that the animal becomes susceptible again over time
They also evade immunity to allow reinfection after a short period of time
Can cause chronic infections with minimal symptoms

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11
Q

T or F

ALl sick animals are reseviours

A

False

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12
Q

What determines that the animal is a reseviour (3)

A

If its naturally infected with pathogen
Can maintain pathogen overtime
Can transmit disease to new host

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13
Q

Vertical mode of transmission

A

Transplacental

Perinatal

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14
Q

Horizontal modes of transmission

A

Direct or indirect

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15
Q

Direct mode of infection

A

Projection and contact

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16
Q

Indirect mode of infection

A

Through a vehicle (common or fommite)

Through a vector (biological, mechanical)

17
Q

Direct contact

A

Skin to skin, mucous membrane, sexual transmisison, direct contact with soil reseviour, bite, scratch, etc

18
Q

Direct projection

A

Wet, large, and short range aerosol (sneezing, coughing, talking)

19
Q

Airbourne transmission

A

Considered to be a form of direct transmission because agents do not generally survive for extended periods within aerosolized particles

20
Q

What is a vehicle

A

An inaminate object which serves to communicate disease

21
Q

What is a vector

A

Living organizm that serves to communicate disease

22
Q

Types of vehicle

A

Common or fommite

23
Q

Common vehicle

A

Food, water, contaminated IV drugs

24
Q

Fomite vehicle

A

Object can be contaminated and transmit disease on limited scale

25
Q

Mechanical vetor

A

Agents DO NOT multiply or undergo part of its lif e cycle while in/on arthropod

26
Q

Biological vetor

A

Agent undergoes changes or multiplies while in vectorñ these activities are required for transmission

27
Q

What is emerging

A

Previously unknown disease that suddenly appears (emerges) in population
OR Known disease that emerges in new population

28
Q

Re-emerging disease

A

Known disease, previosly on the decline, that is becoming more ommon and will likely continue to do so

29
Q

Exposure

A

Introduction of a new agentt into a susceotible population

30
Q

What causes exposure of a disease

A

It is caused by movement of infectious agents

31
Q

What is transmission

A

Adoption, establishment, and dissemination in suceptible population

32
Q

Transmission requires what

A

A pathogen that can adapt to and tansmit between these hosts

33
Q

What are determinants of emerge

A 
Type of pathogen agent
Pathogen adaptation and change
Resevious
Factors increasing transmission
New host species
34
Q

Pathogen adaptation and change because of what? (3)

A

Increased antibiotic resistance
Increased virulence, mutations that enhance transmission within species
Evasion of host immunity

35
Q

Reseviours determinant of emerge because?

A

Phylogenic distance between reseviour and new host
Best transmission is within species
Pathogen are more likely to cross between closely related species
Pathogens that cross distant related species cause different and often severe diseases

36
Q

Factors increasing transmission (3)

A

Increases with abundance of reseviour
Increasing pathogen prevalence in reseviour
Increasing contact between reseviour and new host

Principles of Infectious Diseases (12 decks)

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