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Mycology PPT > Virology intro > Flashcards

Virology intro Flashcards

1
Q

an obligate intracellular parasite, that is among the smallest of all infectious agents and capable of infecting an animal, insect, plant, or bacterial cell.

A

Virus

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2
Q

The emergence of a new viral disease across a very large geographic region (worldwide) with prolonged human-to-human transmission

A

Pandemic

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3
Q

Incapable of replication without a
living host cell

A

Virus

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4
Q

Replicate only in living cells

A

Virus

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5
Q

Only contain one nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)

A

Virus

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6
Q

Viruses are inert in extracellular environment

A

Virus

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7
Q

Most of the pandemics recorded had been caused by an _____________

A

Influenza virus

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8
Q

Major change in the nucleic acid of a virus.

A

Genetic virus

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9
Q

major changes that result in novel viral antigens

A

Antigenic shift

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10
Q

minor changes that occur continuously over time as the virus replicates

A

Antigenic drift

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11
Q

The protein shell, or coat, that encloses the nucleic acid genome.

A

Capsid

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12
Q

Morphologic units seen in the electron microscope on the surface of icosahedral virus particles.

A

Capsomeres

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13
Q

represent clusters of polypeptides, but the morphologic units do not necessarily correspond to the chemically defined structural units.

A

Capsomeres

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14
Q

A virus particle that is functionally deficient in some aspect of replication.

A

Defective virus

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15
Q

The basic protein building blocks of the coat.

A

Structural units

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16
Q

They are usually a collection of more than one nonidentical protein subunit. The structural unit is often referred

A

protomer

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17
Q

A single folded viral polypeptide chain.

A

Subunit

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18
Q

The complete virus particle.

A

Virion

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19
Q

Basic classification of virology

A

Virion morphology
Virus genome properties
Genome organization and replication
Virus protein properties
Antigenic properties
Physicochemical properties of the virion
Biologic properties

20
Q

tend to be stable,losing little infectivity after several hours at 37°C

A

Icosahedral

21
Q

are much more heat labile, rapidly dropping in titer at 37°C

22
Q

Reaction to Physical and Chemical Agents

A

Heat and cold
Stabilization of Viruses by Salts
pH
Radiation
Ether Susceptibility
Detergents
Formaldehyde
Photodynamic Inactivation
Antibiotics and Other Antibacterial Agents

23
Q

Viral infectivity is generally destroyed

A

heating at 50-60°C for 30 minutes

24
Q

usually stable between pH values of

A

5.0 and 9.0

25
Q

‼️‼️‼️REMINDER‼️‼️‼️‼️

All viruses are destroyed by alkaline condition

26
Q

Many viruses can be stabilized by salts in
concentrations of

27
Q

Can be used to distinguish viruses that possess an envelope from those that donot

A

Ether Susceptibility

28
Q

solubilize lipid constituents of viral membranes

A

Nonionic detergents

29
Q

also solubilize viral envelopes

A

Anionic detergents

30
Q

Destroys viral infectivity by reacting with
nucleic acid

A

Formaldehyde

31
Q

Viruses are penetrable to a varying degree by vital dyes such as

A

toluidine blue
neutral red
proflavine

32
Q

Common Methods of Inactivating Viruses for Various Purposes

A

Sterilization
Surface disinfectants
Skin disinfectants
Vaccine production may involve the use of

33
Q

Sterilization

A
  • steam under pressure
  • dry heat
  • ethylene oxide
  • > y-irradiation
34
Q

Surface disinfectants

A
  • sodium hypochlorite
  • glutaraldehyde
  • formaldehyde
  • peracetic acid
35
Q

Skin disinfectants

A
  • chlorhexidine
  • 70% ethanol
  • iodophors
36
Q

Vaccine production may involve the
use of

A
  • formaldehyde
  • b-propiolactone
  • psoralen + ultraviolet irradiation
  • detergents
37
Q

Viral Replication

A

Attachment
Penetration
Uncoating
Macromolecular synthesis
Viral assemble
Release

38
Q

First step of the infectious cycle

A

Attachment (absorption)

39
Q

One mechanism of penetration is fusion of the viral envelope with the host cell membrane

A

Penetration (virus entry or engulfment)

40
Q

Occurs once the virus are being internalized

41
Q

Physical separation of the viral nucleic acid from the outer structural components of virion

42
Q

Production of nucleic acid and protein polyester

A

Macromolecular synthesis

43
Q

Process by which structural proteins, genomes and in some cases viral enzymes are assembled into virus particles

A

Viral assemble

44
Q

‼️‼️‼️Reminder‼️‼️‼️

Acquisition of an enveloped is the final step in viral assemble

45
Q

Viral Detection Methods

A
  1. Cytology and Histology
  2. Immunodiagnostics (Antigen Detection)
  3. Enzyme-Linked Virus-Inducible System
  4. Nucleic Acid Based Methods
  5. Cell Culture
  6. Matrix-Assisted Desorption lonization
    Time-of-Fligh Mass Spectrometry

Mycology PPT (17 decks)

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