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Mycology PPT > CUTANEOUS MYCOSES > Flashcards

CUTANEOUS MYCOSES Flashcards

1
Q
  • Most common fungal infections of humans
A

Cutaneous mycoses

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2
Q

Usually referred to as tinea

A

Cutaneous mycoses

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3
Q

Tinea latin

A

Worm or ringworm

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4
Q

Ringworm of the body

A

Tinea corporis

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5
Q

Ringworm of the groin or “jock itch”

A

Tinea cruris

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6
Q

Ringworm of the scalp and hair

A

Tinea capitis

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7
Q

Ringworm of the beard

A

Tinea barbae

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8
Q

Ringworm of the nail

A

Tinea unguium

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9
Q

Scalp (crusty hair)

A

Tinea favosa

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10
Q

Tinea manuum

A

Palmar region of hand

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11
Q

Back, arms and abdomen

A

Tinea imbricate

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12
Q

Region of face without beard

A

Tinea faciei

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13
Q

Arms, neck and hands

A

Tinea gladiatorum

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14
Q

Cutaneous mycoses

A

a. Trichophyton
b. Epidermophyton
c. Microsporum

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15
Q

Cutaneous mycoses
Trichophyton spp.

A

Trichophyton rubrum
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Trichophyton tonsurans
Trichophyton verrucosum
Trichophyton shoenleinii
Trichophyton violaceum

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16
Q

most important and common causes of infections of the feet and nails

A

Trichophyton spp.
Cutaneous mycoses

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17
Q

Commonly seen in adult infections

A

Trichophyton spp.
Cutaneous Mycoses

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18
Q
  • Most cosmopolitan species are anthropophilic or “human loving”
A

Trichophyton spp.
Cutaneous Mycoses

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19
Q

Trichophyton spp most of them are

A

Anthropophilic or human loving

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20
Q

Hairs infected with Trichophyton
organisms do not fluorescence under the UV light of a ________________

A

Woods lamp

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21
Q

Hairs infected with _______ organisms do not fluorescence under the UV light of a Woods lamp

A

Trichophyton

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22
Q

reveal the presence of hyaline septate hyphae or arthroconidia

A

Calcofluor white/KOH preparations

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23
Q

Infected hairs that show external masses of spores that ensheaths the hair shaft

A

Ectothrix infection

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24
Q

infected hairs reveal hyphae and air spaces within the shaft

A

Trichophyton schoenleinii

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25
Q

Final identification of of dermatophytes are typically made by ____

A

Cultivation

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26
Q

Initial growth must be subcultured onto _______________ or ______________ to induce sporulation

A

cornmeal agar or potato dextrose agar

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27
Q

birds on a fence

A

Trichophyton spp.

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28
Q

Macroconidia of trichophyton

A

Smooth, club-shaped, thin-walled
macroconidia are borne singly at the terminal ends of hyphae or on short conidiophores

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29
Q

Microconidia trichophyton

A

Microconidia described as “birds on a fence” predominate and are usually spherical, pyriform (teardrop-shaped) or clavate (club-shaped)

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30
Q

complex are the most common species recovered in the clinical laboratory

A

T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes

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31
Q

slow-growing, produces a flat/heaped-up colony, generally white to reddish, with a cottony or velvety surface

A

T. Rubrum

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32
Q

Reverse side of T.rubrum

A

Cherry red color

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33
Q

T. Rubrum Two types of colonies may be produced:

A

Fluffy and granular

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34
Q

microconidia are uncommon in most of the fluffy strains and more common in the granular strains

A

T. Rubrum

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35
Q

Microconidia occur as small, teardrop-shaped conidia often borne laterally along the sides of the hyphae

A

T. Rubrum

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36
Q

Macroconidia are less common; they appear in granular strains as thin-walled, smooth-walled, multi celled, cigar-shaped conidia with three to eight septa

A

T. Rubrum

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37
Q

has no specific nutritional requirements

A

T. rubrum

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38
Q

Does not perforate hair in vitro or produce
urease

A

T. Rubrum

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39
Q

T. mentagrophytes produce two distinct colonial forms:

A

downy variety recovered from patients with tinea pedis

the granular variety recovered from lesions acquired by contact with animals

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40
Q

Rapidly growing colonies

A

T. Mentagrophytes

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41
Q

Appear white to cream-colored or yellow

A

T. Mentagrophytes

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42
Q

T. Mentagrophytes
Reverse side of colony is usually

A

Rose-brown occasionally orange to deep red (may be confused for T. rubrum)

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43
Q

T.mentagrophytes macro and microconidia

A

microconidia in grapelike clusters and thin-walled,
smooth walled, cigar-shaped

Macroconidia characteristically exhibit a definite narrow attachment to their base.

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44
Q

_________________ produce urease within
2 to 3 days after inoculation onto____________

A

T.mentagrophytes
Christensen urea agar

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45
Q

Perforate hair

A

T.mentagrophytes

46
Q

responsible for an epidemic form of tinea capitis that commonly occurs in children

A

T.tonsurans

47
Q

causes a low-grade superficial lesion of varying
severity and produces circular, scaly patches of
alopecia (loss of hair)

A

T.tonsurans

48
Q

The stubs of hair remain in the epidermis of the scalp after the brittle hairs have broken off, which may give the typical “_________________” appearance

A

Black dot ringworm

49
Q

The stubs of hair remain in the epidermis of the scalp after the brittle hairs have broken off, which may give the typical “black dot” ringworm appearance

A

T.tonsurans

50
Q

buff to brown, wrinkled, and suedelike in appearance.

A

T.tonsurans

51
Q

colony surface shows radial folds and often develops a craterlike depression in the center with deep fissures

A

T.tonsurans

52
Q

T.tonsurans Reverse side of the colony

A

yellowish- to reddish-brown

53
Q

T.tonsurans
With age, the microconidia tend to become pleomorphic, are swollen to elongated, and are referred to as

A

Balloon forms

54
Q

T.tonsurans growth is greatly enhanced by the presence of

A

Thiamine and inositol

55
Q

most often seen in farmers, who acquire the infection from cattle

A

T.verrucosum

56
Q

lesions are found chiefly on the beard, neck, wrist, and back of the hands and are deep, pustular, and inflammatory

A

T.verrucosum

57
Q

T.verrucosum Direct examination of the hair shaft reveals

A

sheaths of isolated chains of large spores

58
Q

T.verrucosum
surrounding the hair shaft

A

Ectothrix

59
Q

T.verrucosum
hyphae within the hair

A

Endothrix

60
Q

T.verrucosum growth is enhanced at 35°C to 37°C and on media enriched with

A

Thiamine and inositol

61
Q

T.verrucosum Early detection medium by

A

Kane and Smitka

62
Q

T.verrucosum

Early detection medium (Kane and Smitka)

A

4% casein and 0.5% yeast extract

63
Q

organism is recognized by its early hydrolysis of
casein and very slow growth rate

A

Kane and Smitka= 4% casein and 0.5% yeast extract

64
Q

Colonies are small, heaped, and folded; occasionally they are flat and disk-shaped.

A

T.verrucosum

65
Q

T.verrucosum
At first, they are _________________________________. Colonies range from _______________________________.

A

glabrous and waxy, with a short aerial mycelium
gray and waxlike to bright yellow.

66
Q

causes a severe type of infection called favus; characterized by the formation of yellowish cup-shaped crusts, or scutulae on the scalp

A

T. schoenleinii

67
Q

Trichophyton schoenlii

A distinctive invasion of the infected hair, the _____________, is demonstrated by the presence of large, _________________ of hyphae and arthroconidia at the base of the hair follicle and branching hyphae throughout the length of the hair shaft

A

Favic type
Inverted cones

68
Q

T.schoenleinii

produces a ______________colony with a _________

A

White to light gray
Waxy surface

69
Q

Colonies have an irregular border consisting mostly of submerged hyphae, which tend to crack the agar.

A

T.schoenleinii

70
Q

The surface of the colony is usually nonpigmented or tan, furrowed, and irregularly folded

A

T.schoenleinii

71
Q

T.schoenleinii The reverse side of the colony is usually

A

Tan or nonpigment

72
Q

The hyphae tend to become knobby and club-shaped at the terminal ends, with the production of many short lateral and terminal branches

A

T.schoenleinii

73
Q

All strains may be grown in a vitamin-free medium and grow equally well at room temperature or at 35°C to 37°C.

A

T.schoenleinii

74
Q

Beginning as cone-shaped, cream-colored, glabrous colonies

A

T.violaceum

75
Q

Later these become heaped up, verrucous (warty), violet to purple, and waxy in consistency

A

T.violaceum

76
Q

T.violaceum
Colonies may often be described as

A

Port wine

77
Q

T.violaceum
The reverse side of the colony is

A

Purple or nonpigment

78
Q

microconidia and macroconidia generally are not present; only sterile, distorted hyphae and chlamydoconidia are found

A

T.violaceum

79
Q

Growth of T. violaceum is enhanced on media
containing

A

Thiamine

80
Q

immediately recognized by the presence of large (8 to 15 μm × 35 to 150 μm) spindle-shaped, echinulate (covered with small spines), rough-walled macroconidia with thick walls (up to 4 μm) containing four or more septa

A

Microsporum spp.

81
Q

The exception is ____________________, which characteristically produces macroconidia with two cells.

A

Microsporum nanum

82
Q

Microconidia, when present, are small (3 to 7 μm) and club-shaped and are borne on the hyphae, either laterally or on short conidiophores.

A

Microsporum

83
Q

Cultures of Microsporum spp. develop either __________________________ and produce aerial hyphae that may be velvety, powdery, glabrous, or cottony, varying in color from ______________, to __________, to a _______________, with varying shades on the reverse side of the colony.

A

rapidly or slowly (5 to 14 days)

whitish, to buff, to a cinnamon-brown

84
Q

is anthropophilic and is spread directly by means of infected hairs on hats, caps, upholstery, combs, or barber clippers

A

Microsporum audouinii

85
Q

Most infections are chronic; some heal spontaneously, whereas others may persist for several years

A

M.audouinii

86
Q

M. audouinii
- Infected hair shafts fluoresce _________ under a Woods lamp.

A

Yellow-green

87
Q

M.audouinii produce a velvety aerial mycelium that is ______________

A

colorless to light gray to tan

88
Q

M.audouinii reverse side often appears

A

salmon-pink to reddish-brown

89
Q

Most commonly, atypical vegetative forms, such as terminal chlamydoconidia and antler and racquet hyphae, are the only clues to the identification of this organism

A

M.audouinii

90
Q

often is identified as a cause of infection by exclusion of all the other dermatophytes.

A

M.audouinii

91
Q

primarily a pathogen of animals (zoophilic)

A

Microsporum canis

92
Q

Hairs infected with M. canis fluoresce a_____________ under a woods lamp

A

Bright yellow green

93
Q

grow rapidly, are granular or fluffy with a feathery
border, white to buff, and characteristically have a lemon-yellow or yellow-orange fringe at the periphery

A

Microsporum canis

94
Q

M.canis
On aging, the colony becomes dense and cottony and a ________________________ and frequently shows an area of heavy growth in the center.

A

deeper brownish-yellow or -orange

95
Q

M.canis reverse side of the colony is ___________ , becoming ___________________ with age

A

Bright yellow
orange- or reddish-brown

96
Q

Microscopically, _______ shows an abundance of large (15 to 20 μm × 60 to 125 μm), spindle shaped, multisegmented (four to eight) macroconidia with curved ends; thick-walled with spiny (echinulate) projections on their surface

A

M.canis

97
Q

free-living fungi of the soil (geophilic) that only rarely causes human or animal infection and occasionally may be seen in the clinical laboratory

A

M.gypseum

98
Q

Infected hairs generally do not fluoresce under a Woods lamp

A

M.gypseum

99
Q

microscopic examination of the infected hairs shows them to be irregularly covered with clusters of spores (5 to 8 μm), some in chains

A

M.gypseum

100
Q

grow rapidly as flat, irregularly fringed colonies with a coarse, powdery surface that appear to be __________

A

M.gypseum
Buff or cinnamon colored

101
Q

M.gypseum underside of the colony is

A

Orange to brownish

102
Q

macroconidia are seen in large numbers and are
characteristically large, are ellipsoidal, have rounded ends, and are multisegmented (three to nine) with echinulated surfaces

A

M.gypseum

103
Q

the only member of the genus Epidermophyton, is a common cause of tinea cruris and tinea pedis

A

Epidermophyton floccosum

104
Q

____________ , specimens submitted for dermatophyte culture should__________________ before culture, and cultures should not be stored at _______

A

Susceptible to cold
Should not be refrigerated
4

105
Q

Epidermophyton direct examination of ________________ using______________ or _____________ is seen as ________________

A

Skin scrapings
Calcoflour white or pottasium hydroxide
Fine branching hyphae

106
Q

E. floccosum grows slowly; the growth appears______________, with the periphery sorrounded by ____________________

A

Olive-green to khaki
Dull orange-brown

107
Q

After several weeks, colonies develop a cottony white aerial mycelium that completely overgrows the colony

A

Epidermophyton

108
Q

Epidermophyton the mycelium is _____________ and remains so even after subculture

A

Sterile

109
Q

Microscopically, numerous smooth, thin-walled, club-shaped, multiseptate (2 to 4 μm) macroconidia are seen

A

E.floccosum

110
Q

They are rounded at the tip and are borne singly on a conidiophore or in groups of two or three

A

E.floccosum

111
Q

Microconidia are absent, spiral hyphae are rare, and chlamydoconidia are usually numerous

A

E.floccosum

Mycology PPT (17 decks)

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