Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Mycology PPT > SYSTEMIC AND OPPORTUNISTIC MYCOSES > Flashcards

SYSTEMIC AND OPPORTUNISTIC MYCOSES Flashcards

1
Q

SYSTEMIC MYCOSES

A

● Blastomyces dermatitidis
● Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
● Coccidioides immitis
● Histoplasma capsulatum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis causes

A

North American Blastomycosis
Gilchrists disease
Chicago disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Human infection is initiated in the lungs

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis can be acquired through

A

Inhalation of the conidia or hyphal fragments.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis specimen

A

Specimens consist of sputum, pus, exudates, urine, and biopsies from lesions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis mold form

A

round or pyriform conidia
Resembling lollipops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis yeast phase

A

Thick- walled, large yeast cells with single bud on
broad-base; broad isthmus at constriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Show broadly attached buds on thick-walled yeast cells

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis wet mount

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis culture

A

Sabouraud’s agar or enriched blood agar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Treatment
○ Severe cases of blastomycosis are treated with

A

amphotericin B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
● Causes

A

South American Blastomycosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Causes South American Blastomycosis

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Inhaled, and initial lesions occur in the lung

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Most patients are 30-60 years of age, and over 90% are men.

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Specimen for Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

A

Specimens consist sputum, exudates, biopsies or other material from lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
Mold phase

A

intercalary and terminal chlamydoconidia; few pyriform
microconidia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast phase

A

resembles a ship wheel or pilot wheel or mariner’s wheel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Most useful for diagnosis in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

A

Serologic testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

KOH or calcofluor white
■ Yeasts are often apparent

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Causes Coccidioidomycosis

A

Coccidioides immitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Coccidioides immitis
● Causes

A

Coccidioidomycosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Coccidioides immitis acquire through

A

Inhalation of arthroconidia leads to a primary infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Major biologic hazard among laboratory personnel

A

Coccidioides immitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Specimen for Coccidiodes immitis

A

sputum
exudate from cutaneous lesions
spinal fluid
blood
urine
tissue biopsies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Coccidioides immitis mold phase

A

thick-walled, barrel-shaped, rectangular arthroconidia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Coccidioides immitis yeast phase

A

thick-walled spherules with endospores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Coccidioides immitis
● Microscopic Examination
○ KOH or calcofluor white stain:

A

spherules and endospores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Coccidioides immitis culture media

A

Inhibitory mold agar
Sabouraud’s agar, or blood agar slants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

‼️REMINDER‼️

Coccidioides immitis

Since arthroconidia are highly infectious, suspicious cultures are examined only in a biosafety cabinet.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Identification must be confirmed by detection of C. immitis

A

specific antigen
animal inoculation
use of a specific DNA probe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Causes Histoplasmosis

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

most prevalent pulmonary infection in
humans and animals

A

Histoplasmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Histoplasmosis begins at

A

primary and begins in the lung and eventually
invades the reticuloendothelial system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Histoplasmosis causative agent

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum can be acquired through

A

inhalation of the conidia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum mold form

A

round to pyriform microconidia
round,thick-walled knobby, tuberculated macroconidia forms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum Yeast phase

A

round to oval yeast cells; intracellular to mononuclear cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum
● Microscopic Examination

A

Observe for small ovoid cells within macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum fungal stains

A

Gomori methenamine silver, periodic
acid-Schiff or calcofluor white stain

Giemsa-stained smears of bone marrow or blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum
Cultured in

A

rich media: glucose-cysteine blood agar at 37°C and on Sabouraud’s agar or inhibitory mold agar at 25–30°C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

OPPORTUNISTIC MYCOSES

A

● Aspergillus spp.
● Fusarium

42
Q

OPPORTUNISTIC MYCOSES YEASTS

A

● Candida spp.
● Cryptococcus spp.
● Geotrichum spp.

43
Q

Most important group of opportunistic fungi pathogens

A

Candida spp.

44
Q

Normal flora of the skin, mucous membranes and
gastrointestinal tract

A

Candida spp.

45
Q

Capable of causing Candidiasis

A

Candida spp.

46
Q

Candida spp. capable of causing

A

Candidiasis

47
Q

exist as oval, yeastlike forms that produce buds
or blastoconidia

A

Candida spp.

48
Q

Produce pseudohyphae and true hyphae

A

Candida spp. except glabrata

49
Q

Specimens include swabs and scraping from superficial lesions, blood, spinal fluid, tissue biopsies, urine, exudates, and material from removed intravenous catheters

A

Candida spp

50
Q

Culture media for Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

A

Sabouraud’s agar or yeast extract agar

51
Q

Coccidioides immitis other names

A

San Joaquin Valley Fever/ valley fever

52
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum also known as

A

Darling’s disease/Spelunker’s disease

53
Q

Candida spp.
● Microscopic Examination

A

Gram-stained smears or histopathological slides for tissue biopsies, centrifuged spinal fluid, and other specimens

54
Q

Candida spp.
Gram-stained smears or histopathological slides for tissuebiopsies, centrifuged spinal fluid, and other specimens shows?

A

Pseudohyphae and budding cells

55
Q

Candida spp.

Skin or nail scrapings are first placed in a drop of

A

10% KOH
calcofluor white

56
Q

Special agar for Candida spp

A

CHROM AGAR

57
Q

Candida spp.

○ All specimens are cultured on fungal or bacteriologic media at

58
Q

Most isolated species from clinical material

A

Candida albicans

59
Q

Can be saprophytic in oral cavities, Gi or vaginal tract

A

Candida albicans

60
Q

Causes candidiasis

A

Candida albicans

61
Q

moniliasis infection

A

Candida albicans

62
Q

Candida albicans causes

A

candidiasis or moniliasis infection
Oral moniliasis
Vaginal moniliasis
Onchomycosis( nail infection)
Paronychomycosis (cuticle infections)

63
Q

Hyphae-like extensions of young yeast cells showing parallel sides, aseptate and will not constrict at their point of origin

A

Germ-tube in Candida albicans

64
Q

look like germ tubes but are aseptate and constricted at their point of origin.

A

Pseudohyphae in Candida albicans

65
Q

This usually causes meningitis in patients with AIDS

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

66
Q

Encapsulated yeast cell in bird and bat droppings

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

67
Q

pigeon droppings

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

68
Q

Causes Cryptococcosis or Torulosis/Torulopsis or European Blastomycosis

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

69
Q

Torulosis/Torulopsis

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

70
Q

European Blastomycosis

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

71
Q

Specimen for Cryptococcus neoformans

A

cerebrospinal fluid
tissue, exudates
sputum
blood
cutaneous scrapings
urine.

72
Q

Cryptococcus neoforman
Microscopic examination

A

wet mounts, both directly and after mixing with India ink.
Grow at room temperature

73
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans alternative

A

Phenol oxidase

74
Q

C. neoformans produces melanin in the cell walls and colonies develop a

A

Brown colonies

75
Q

Often initially appears as a white to cream-colored, yeastlike colony; some isolates may appear as white, powdery molds.

A

Geotrichum candidum

76
Q

Hyphae are septate and produce numerous rectangular to cylindrical to barrel-shaped arthroconidia.

A

Geotrichum candidum

77
Q

OPPORTUNISTIC MYCOSES

A

● Aspergillus spp.
● Fusarium spp.

78
Q

Causes Aspergillosis

A

Aspergillus spp.

79
Q

Can cause disease by ingestion of mycotoxins, traumatic inoculation, or inhalation.

A

Aspergillus spp.

80
Q

Also capable of causing disseminated infection in immunocompromised patients, pulmonary or sinus fungus ball, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, external otomycosis, mycotic keratitis, onychomycosis, sinusitis, endocarditis and central nervous system infection

A

Aspergillus spp.

81
Q

The species are identified according to morphologic differences in their structures.

A

Aspergillus spp.

82
Q

Specimen for Aspergillus

A

sputum
other respiratory tract specimens
lung biopsy tissue

83
Q

Rapidly growing mold that produces a fluffy to granular, white to blue-green colony

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

84
Q

● Characterized by the presence of septate hyphae and short or long conidiophores with a characteristic “foot cell” at their base.

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

85
Q

Cultures are thermotolerant and able to withstand temperatures up to 45°C

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

86
Q

Somewhat more rapidly growing species that produces
yellow-green colony.

A

Aspergillus flavus

87
Q

Conidiophore is coarsely roughened near the vesicle.

A

Aspergillus flavus

88
Q

Produces darkly pigmented, roughened spores
macroscopically, but microscopically its hyphae are hyaline and septate

A

Aspergillus niger

89
Q

Growth begins initially as yellow colony

A

Aspergillus niger

90
Q

With age, the colony becomes jet black and powdery, but
the reverse remains buff or cream colores.

A

Aspergillus niger

91
Q

Less commonly seen in the clinical laboratory

A

Aspergillus terreus

92
Q

Produces tan colonies that resembles cinnamon.

A

Aspergillus terreus

93
Q

Produces larger cells, aleurioconidia, which are found on submerged hyphae.

A

Aspergillus terreus

94
Q

Fusarium spp.
● Most commonly isolated organisms within this group are within the

A

Fusarium solani species complex

95
Q

Long been known to cause mycotic keratitis.

A

Fusarium spp.

96
Q

Oftentimes infections are associated with the consumption of grains contaminated with trichothecene mycotoxins

A

Fusarium spp.

97
Q

● Oftentimes infections are associated with the consumption of grains contaminated with trichothecene mycotoxins produced by

A

F. sporotrichiodes or F. poae

98
Q

Capable of causing sinusitis, wound (burn) infection, allergic fungal sinusitis, endopthalmitis, and disseminated fusariosis.

A

Fusarium spp.

99
Q

Colonies grow rapidly, within 2 to 5 days, and are fluffy to
cottony and may be pink, purple, yellow, green or other
colors, depending on the species.

A

Fusarium spp.

100
Q

Fusarium spp.
Most common medium used to induce sporulation is

A

corneal agar.

101
Q

Fusarium spp.
Keys to identification are based on growth on

A

Dextrose agar

Mycology PPT (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions