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Mycology PPT > SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES > Flashcards

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES Flashcards

1
Q

Subcutaneous mycoses

A

a. Mycetoma
b. Chromoblastomycosis
c. Phaeohyphomycosis
d. Sporotrichosis

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2
Q

chronic granulomatous infection that usually involves the lower extremities

A

Mycetoma

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3
Q

infection is characterized by swelling, purplish discoloration, tumor-like deformities of the subcutaneous tissue, and multiple sinus tracts that drain purulent material containing yellow, white, red, or black granules called ______

A

Mycetoma
Grains

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4
Q

The infection gradually progresses to involve the bone, muscle, or other contiguous tissue and ultimately requires amputation in most progressive cases

A

Mycetoma

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5
Q

Mycetomas usually are seen among people living in

A

Tropical and subtropical regions

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6
Q

Mycetoma The organisms associated with mycetoma are saprophytic and commonly found in

A

Soil, standing water and sewage

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7
Q

humans acquire infections through traumatic implantation of the organism into the skin and subcutaneous tissues

A

Mycetoma

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8
Q

Mycetoma Subcutaneous Mycoses
- Two types:

A

Actinomycotic (bacterial) mycetomas
Eumycotic (fungal) mycetomas

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9
Q

Causes of Actinomycotic mycetomas

A

Bacteria

caused by the aerobic actinomycetes, including
Nocardia, Actinomadura, and Streptomyces spp.

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10
Q

Caused by a heterogeneous group of fungi that have septate hyphae

A

Eumycotic (fungal) mycetomas

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11
Q

Eumycotic mycetoma is subcategorized as

A

white grain mycetomas or black grain mycetomas

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12
Q

is the most common fungal agent associated with mycetoma

A

Madurella mycetomatis

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13
Q

Mycetoma
Direct examination of clinical specimens from patients with a eumycotic mycetoma or phaeohyphomycosis demonstrates

A

yellowish brown, septate to moniliform hyphae (string of beads)

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14
Q

White Grain Mycetoma also known as

A

Scedosporium spp

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15
Q

Initial growth begins as a white, fluffy colony that changes in several weeks to a brownish gray (the so-called mousy gray) colony; the reverse of the colony progresses from tan to dark brown.

A

Scedosporium spp.
White grain mycetoma

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16
Q

that cause mycetomas, such as Acremonium falciforme, grow slowly and produce gray colonies.

A

Acremonium spp.

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17
Q

Acremonium spp. that cause mycetomas, such as __________________, grow slowly and produce _____________.

A

Acremonium falciforme
Gray colonies

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18
Q

Black grain mycetoma

A

Madurella spp. and E. jeanselmei

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19
Q

Colonies of Madurella spp. vary from white (during the early phases of growth) to ___________________ diffusible pigment is characteristic of this fungus.

A

olive-brown; a brown

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20
Q

appear yeastlike and darkly pigmented (olive to black) but in time develop a velvety appearance with the production of aerial hyphae

A

E. jeanselmei

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21
Q

produce a fluffy or downy, olive-gray to black colony, and growth is rapid.

A

Curvularia spp.

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22
Q

forms slow-growing, velvety colonies that appear smooth or radially furrowed and dark gray or olive-brown to black. The reverse side of the colonies appears black. The hyphae are septate and nonsporulating

A

T.grisea

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23
Q

chronic fungal infection acquired through traumatic inoculation of an organism, primarily into the skin and subcutaneous tissue

A

Chromoblastomycosis

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24
Q

Chromoblastomycosis characterized by the development of a papule at the site of the traumatic insult that slowly enlarges to form _______________ characterized as resembling ______________capable of spreading through the _______________

A

Warty or tumorlike lesion
Cauliflower
Lymphatic system

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25
Q

The lesions usually are confined to the feet and legs but may involve the head, face, neck, and other body surfaces.

A

Chromoblastomycosis

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26
Q

Chromoblastomycosis
Histologic examination of the lesion reveals characteristic ___________ which are ____________, septate cells that appear to be dividing by binary fission and resemble __________.

A

Sclerotic bodies
Copper colored
Copper pennies

27
Q

infections cause hyperplasia of the epidermal layer of the skin, which may be mistaken for squamous cell carcinoma

A

Chromoblastomycosis

28
Q

Chromoblastomycosis is widely distributed, but most cases occur in

A

tropical and subtropical areas

29
Q

The fungi most often associated with chromoblastomycosis include

A

Cladophialophora carrionii
Fonsecaea monophora and pedrosoi
Phialophora verrucosa

30
Q

Chromoblastomycosis Scrapings from crusted lesions added to 10% KOH show ______________________ or _______________ which are rounded, brown, 4 to 10 μm in diameter, and have fission planes. They resemble __________________

A

Muriform cells (aggregation of dark brown cells that resemble stones in a stonewall)
Sclerotic bodies
Copper pennies

31
Q

includes species that produce long chains of budding, often fusiform, conidia (blastoconidia) that have a dark septal scar.

A

Cladosporium

32
Q

includes species that produce short, flask-shaped to tubular phialides, each with a well-developed collarette

A

Phialophora

33
Q

Phialophora

Produce colonies that are__________________________;some strains may appear to have concentric zones of color

A

wooly and olive-brown to brownish gray

34
Q

includes organisms that exhibit a mixed type of sporulation

A

Fonsecaea

35
Q

produces a distinct Fonsecaea-type conidiophore, may also produce a Rhinocladiella-type sporulation

A

Fonsecaea

36
Q

type of sporulation with long chains of elliptical conidia (2 to 3mμm × 4 to 5 μm) borne from erect, tall, branching conidiophores

A

Cladophialophora (C. carrionii)

37
Q

produces phialides, each with a distinct cup- or flask-shaped collarette

A

P. verrucosa

38
Q

produces phialides with a flattened collarette

A

P. richardsiae

39
Q

Conidial heads with sympodial arrangement
of conidia are seen, with primary conidia giving rise to secondary conidia

A

Fonsecaea spp.

40
Q

general term used to describe any infection caused by a dematiaceous organism

A

Phaeohyphomycosis

41
Q

Phaeohyphomycosis

Includes _______;_____________; _______________; and ____________.

A

Molds
Brownish Yeastlike cells
Pseudohyphae
Hyphae

42
Q

These infections may be subcutaneous, localized, or systemic

A

Phaeohyphomycosis

43
Q

Include phaeohyphomycotic cysts, progressive soft tissue infection, brain abscess, sinusitis, endocarditis, mycotic keratitis,pulmonary infection, and systemic infection.

A

Phaeohyphomycosis

44
Q

Symptoms often include headache, neurologic manifestations, and seizure

A

Phaeohyphomycosis

45
Q

Phaeohyphomycosis Subcutaneous Mycoses
- The most common fungal isolates associated with Neurological manifestations

A

C. bantiana
Rhinocladiella mackenziei
Verruconis gallopava
Exophiala dermatitidis.

46
Q

Species that are commonly associated with phaeophyomycosis

A

Alternaria, Exserohilum, Bipolaris, E. jeanselmei, Exophiala spinifera, and Curvularia spp.

47
Q

colonies are rapidly growing, fluffy, and gray to gray-brown or gray-green.

A

Alternaria

48
Q

produce rapidly growing colonies that resemble those of Alternaria spp.

A

Curvularia

49
Q

produce colonies that are gray-green to dark brown and slightly powdery, as do Exserohilum spp.

A

Bipolaris spp.

50
Q

grow slowly (7 to 21 days) and initially produce shiny, black, yeastlike colonies.

A

E. jeanselmei and E. dermatitidis

51
Q

Mycetoma bacterias

A

Nocardia, Actinomadura, and Streptomyces spp.

52
Q

White grain Mycetoma

A

S. apiospermum complex
Acremonium
Fusarium spp.

53
Q

Black grain mycetoma

A

Madurella spp.
E. jeanselmei,
Curvularia spp.

54
Q

Chromoblastomycosis

A

Cladophialophora
Phialophora,
Fonsecaea spp.

55
Q

Phaeohyphomycosis

A

E. jeanselmei
E. dermatitidis
Curvularia
Bipolaris
Alternaria
Exserohilum spp.

56
Q

is a subcutaneous infection, but lymph and pulmonary infections can occure is a

A

Sporotrichosis

57
Q

Also known as rose gardener’s disease, as infections can come from rose thorns and contact with sphagnum moss

A

Sporotrichosis

58
Q

Sporotrichosis sppecies that are involved in human infection include

A

S. schenckii
Sporothrix brasiliensis
Sporothrix globosa
Sporothrix luriei

59
Q

Sporothrix spp. have a worldwide distribution, and their natural habitat

A

Living or dead vegetation

60
Q

Humans acquire the infection (sporotrichosis) through

A

trauma (thorns, splinters, bites, or scratches), usually to the hand, arm, or leg

61
Q
  • It is a dimorphic fungus
A

Sporothrix schenckii

62
Q

When grown on media with blood at 35°C, these fungi grow as small yeasts

A

Sporothrix schenckii

63
Q

When grown on SDA or PDA at room temperature, they are in the mould phase characterized by delicate hyphae and microconidia

A

Sporothrix schenkii

64
Q

Yeast cells may be seen in segmented neutrophils and are “cigar-shaped”

A

Sporothrix schenckii

Mycology PPT (17 decks)

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