Virology Exam 2 - Asfrviridae & POX

Question 1

African Swine Fever & Related Virus
FAMILY
ENVELOPED/NON-ENVELOPED
SHAPE
RNA/DNA
HOST
RESERVOIR
TRANSMISSION

Answer 1

Asfarviridae
enveloped
icosahedral
linear dsDNA
host - domestic swine & wild boar
reservoir - warthogs, bushpigs, soft ticks
direct-contact, tick vector genus Ornithodoros , ingestion of infected meat

Question 2

African Swine Fever & Related Virus
PATHOGENESIS
CLINICAL SIGNS

Answer 2

replicates in monocytes/macrophages leading to disruption in blood clotting mechanisms
sudden death, fever, skin hyperemia or cyanosis of ears/abdomen/legs, depression
(can be acute, subacute or chronic)

Question 3

only DNA arbovirus is ________

Answer 3

African Swine Fever & Related Virus

Question 4

has African Swine Fever & Related Virus ever been documented in the US?

Answer 4

NO
enzootic to africa/sardinia

Question 5

Poxviridae (POX viruses)
FAMILY
ENVELOPED/NON-ENVELOPED
SHAPE
RNA/DNA
REPLICATION

Answer 5

Poxviridae
enveloped
large, dumbbell shape core
linear dsDNA
exclusively in cytoplasm (most DNA viruses replicate in nucleus)

Question 6

Specifics about POX virus replication

Answer 6

enucleate cells (remove nucleus)
replicate in cytoplasm
early genes (virokines and growth factors)
late genes (structural proteins, viral enzymes in virions)
enveloped virions released via exocytosis
non enveloped virions released by cell lysis
IFN resistance

Question 7

localized poxvirus infections vs generalized pox virus infections

Answer 7

Localized: skin infections resulting in skin lesions (e.g. orf, swinepox, molluscum contagiosum)

Generalized/Systemic: systemic infections resulting in skin lesions (e.g. ectromelia, smallpox)

Question 8

Cowpox
FAMILY
HOST
RESERVOIR
TRANSMISSION
CLINICAL SIGNS

Answer 8

Orthopoxvirus
Cows, cats, humans, etc.
rodents
aerosols, direct contact, fomites (e.g. milk machines)
cows - pox lesions on teats
cats/dogs - lesions on face/mouth/paw
cats - severe dissemination
humans - skin lesions

Question 9

Swinepox
FAMILY
HOST
TRANSMISSION
CLINICAL SIGNS

Answer 9

Orthopoxvirus
swine (especially under 4 mo of age)
mechanical (biting lice) Hematopinus suis
pox skin lesions, fever, pustules, scabs

Question 10

Orf Virus
FAMILY
HOST
TRANSMISSION
CLINICAL SIGNS

Answer 10

Parapoxvirus
sheep
flies, direct contact, fomites
Contagious ecthyma virus = Papules, pustules, rough raised scabs, lesions on lips, nose, face, feet, teats (high morbidity/low mortality)

Question 11

Pseudocowpox
FAMILY
HOST
TRANSMISSION
CLINICAL SIGNS

Answer 11

Parapoxvirus
cattle
mechanical, direct contact, fomites, FLIES
Scabs on teats or mouth in calves

Question 12

Bovine Papular Stomatitis Virus
FAMILY
HOST
TRANSMISSION
CLINICAL SIGNS

Answer 12

Parapoxvirus
cattle
direct contact, fomites
raised circular lesions in the mouths of calves, occasionally skin

Question 13

Avipox
FAMILY
HOST
TRANSMISSION
CLINICAL SIGNS

Answer 13

Parapoxvirus
wild/domestic birds
mechanical via arthropods, abrasions, wounds, aerosolized droplets
cutaneous form (lesions on eyelids, mouth, feet, comb)
diphtheritic form (lesions in mouth, pharynx, trachea)

Question 14

Sheeppox/Goatpox
FAMILY
HOST
TRANSMISSION
CLINICAL SIGNS

Answer 14

Parapoxvirus
sheep, goats, cattle (mortality higher in young)
mechanical via wounds/arthropods, aerosols
lumpy skin disease - pox lesions on skin w/ extensive distribution

Question 15

Myxomatosis
FAMILY
HOST
TRANSMISSION
CLINICAL SIGNS

Answer 15

Parapoxvirus
lagomorphs (rabbits)
mechanical via arthropods (mosquitos/fleas), fomites, aerosols
raised edematous lesions on skin, conjunctivitis, fever
*mortality in domestic, benign in wild