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BacT, Virology, Parasit > Bacteriology - E.coli > Flashcards

Bacteriology - E.coli Flashcards

1
Q

describe E.coli

A

facultative anaerobe
non-spore forming
gram - bacilli
specific virulence factors
diarrhea & extra-intestinal pathogenic subtypes
non-fastidious (easy to grow)

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2
Q

what is MacConkey Agar selecive and differential for

A

selective for gram -
differential for lactose fermentation

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3
Q

Escherichia coli
family
geus
subtypes

A

Family: Enterobacteriaceae
Genus: Escherichia
Subtypes:
Enterotoxigenic E.coli (ETEC)
Shigatoxigenic E.coli (STEC)
Enteropathogenic E.coli (EPEC)
Enteroinvasive E.coli (EIEC)
Enteroaggregative E.coli (EIAC)
Shigella spp.
Invasive & Adherent E.coli
Extraintestinal Pathogenic E.coli (ExPEC)

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4
Q

diagnostics for E.coli

A

feces or intestinal contents
culture
PCR
agglutination tests

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5
Q

most common cause of E.coli diarrhea in farm animals?

A

Enterotoxigenic E.coli

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6
Q

enterotoxigenic E.coli (ETEC)
virulence factors?

A

fimbriae
enteroxtoxins

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7
Q

when are calves/lambs most suspectible to ETEC

A

3-5 days

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8
Q

when are pigs most susceptible to ETEC

A

several weeks after weaning, 3-8 weeks

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9
Q

what fimbriae are associated with swine

A

F4 (K88)

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10
Q

what fimbriae are associated with calves, swine, and lambs

A

F5 (K99)

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11
Q

pathogenesis of ETEC

A

enterotoxins cause secretory diarrhea without inflammation

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12
Q

3 toxins of ETEC and their mechanism

A

stable toxin a (STa) - active secretion of Cl-
stable toxin b (STb) - indirect, promotes secretion of serotonin & vasoactive intestinal peptide
heat-labile toxin (LT) - active secretion of Cl-

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13
Q

ETEC consequences, prevention, treatment

A

rapid death due to dehydration –> multiorgan failure and colisepticemia

prevented by colostrum quality/transfer/storage, nutrition, hygiene, calf management, vaccines

enteral/parenteral fluid therapy, bottle feeding, antibiotics

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14
Q

most common shigatoxigenic E.coli in humans

what is its importance in animals

A

O157:H7

animals are reservoirs

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15
Q

What does STEC cause in swine? in ruminants/dogs?

A

swine - edema
ruminants/dogs - diarrhea

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16
Q

STEC virulence factors

A

locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) + intimin
Stx toxins
hemolysin
acid resistance

17
Q

importance of Stx2e

A

causes edema
affects weaner pigs (2-10 weeks)

18
Q

why are antibiotics are controversial as treatment for STEC

A

increase stress which will activate the SOS response increasing transcription of stx genes

19
Q

why are most calves/lambs carriers of STEC and shed it without disease (some cases will have milld diarrhea)

A

cattle lack Stx receptor on endothelial cells

20
Q

Enteropathogenic E.coli (EPEC)
affects ____
virulence factors?
results?

A

affects all animals + humans
LEE (intimin)
cytoskeletal changes occur in enterocytes, diarrhea, mild inflammation

21
Q

what 3 subtypes cause diarrhea
host defenses?
prevention?
treatment?

A

ETEC, EPEC, STEC
passive immunity & edema
colostrum management, oral K99Ab and hygiene
fluids, antibiotics sometimes

22
Q

enteroinvasive E.coli (EIEC) & enteroaggragative E.coli (EIAC) are important in what species

A

humans

23
Q

Shigella spp. is important in what species

A

primates

24
Q

invasive & adherent E.coli is specific to what breeds?
what does it cause?
how is it diagnosed?
is it contagious?

A

boxers & french bulldogs
granulomatous colitis
in situ hybridization
not contagious

25
Q

Extraintestinal Pathogenic E.coli (ExPEC)
species?
infections?
virulence factors?

A

many. species
urinary tract, mammary gland, colisepticemia
nonspecific VF - LPS, mucoid capsule production, hemolysins, siderophores

26
Q

what does ExPEC frequently cause? what can this lead to?

A

Septicemia in neonates
umbilical infections (foals/calves), septic shock or embolization of bacteria to various body sites like joints, bones, eyes (foals)

27
Q

how can you diagnose ExPEC?

A

blood culture
antimicrobial susceptibility
IgG measurement

28
Q

treatment of ExPEC

A

aggressive IV fluid management for endotoxemia
plasma transfusion if failure of passive transfer
NSAIDs
IV antimicrobial therapy

BacT, Virology, Parasit (23 decks)

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