Parasitology Exam 3 Flashcards
Ascaris suum
morphology
host
location
infectious stage
PH
clinical signs
3 lips anterior end, males posterior curved end
domestic/wild pigs
GI tract, liver, lungs
L3
parantenic host (beetles/earthworms)
“milk spots in liver”, “thumps
“Trichinosis” Trichinella spiralis
host
location
infectious stage
clinical signs
humans, domestic/feral swine
eye, tongue, masticatory muscles, diaphragm, arm, leg mm
ingestion of meat w/ encysted larvae (L1)
nurse cell formation
petechial hemorrhage under nails in humans
which parasite larvae encyst in striated muscle to form nurse cells?
Trichinella spiralis, larvae/adults utilize same host, never see outside environment
Metastrongylus sp.
host
location
infectious stage
clinical signs
“pig lungworm”
4-7mo old pigs
lungs
ingestion of L3 in IH (earthworms)
bronchitis/lung infection
what stage of Metastongylus sp. is passed in the feces
larvated eggs
Nematodirus battus, filicollis, spathiger
morphology
host
location
infectious stage
clinical signs
males have bursa
sheep
proximal SI
ingestion of L3
enteritis/diarrhea/death in 2 days
Nematodirus helvetianus
morphology
host
location
infectious stage
clinical signs
males have bursa
cattle
proximal SI
ingestion of L3
enteritis/diarrhea/death in 2 days
Gongylonema pulchrum
morphology
host
location
infectious stage
clinical signs
“gullet worm”
white, longitudinal rows of cuticular bosses
ruminants, pigs, horses
esophagus, rumen
ingestion of IH w/ L3
esophageal inflammation
Parelaphostrongylus tenuis
morphology
host
location
infectious stage
clinical signs
“meningeal worm or brainworm”
L1 have dorsal spine
white-tail deer, moose
veins, venous sinuses of cranial meninges, CNS
ingestion of IH (slugs, snails)
neuro dz, moose sickness
Dictyocaulus viviparous
morphology
host
location
infectious stage
males have bursa
cattle
“lung worm”
ingestion of L3
Dictyocaulus filaria
morphology
host
location
infectious stage
males of bursa
sheep, goats, camel
“lungworm”
ingestion of L3
Dictyocaulus arnfieldi
morphology
host
location
infectious stage
clinical signs
males have bursa
donkeys, rare in horses
“lungworm”
ingestion of L3
donkeys asymptomatic, horses eosinophilic pneumonia
which nematode produces white/red blood-filled zig zag tracts?
Gongylonema pulchrum “gullet worm”
what nematode causes human respiratory, GI, malnutrition, impaired cognition, eosinophilic infiltration of tissue and death?
Ascaris suum
what nematode results in petechial hemorrhage in conjunctiva and under the nails in humans?
Trichinella spiralis “trichinosis”
Ascaridia galli (chickens) & A. columbe (poultry)
host
location
infectious stage
galliform birds
small intestine
ingestion of L3 larvated eggs or paratenic host (earthworm)
what nematode is the largest nematode in poultry?
A. galli & A. columbe
what stage is passed in A. galli and A. columbe
unembryonated eggs are passed into the environment
Heterakis gallinarum
host
location
infectious stage
PH
vector for
“cecal worm”
galliform birds/anseriform birds
esophagus & crop
L3
paratenic host (earthworm)
vector for Histomonas meleagridis
what stage of Heterakis gallinarum are passed into the environment?
unembryonated eggs passed into environment
Capillaria annulata/Eucoleus annulata
morphology
host
location
IH
“hairworms or threadworms”
eggs are similar to Trichuris bipolar plugs
chickens, turkeys, ducks, wild birds
esophagus/crop
earthworm
Baylisascaris procyonis
host
location
infectious stage
clinical signs
PH
racoons, dog shedders
GI of DH
L3
visceral larval migrans and ocular larval migrans in humans
PH: rodents, rabbits, birds
what stage of Baylisascaris procyonis is passed in the envrionment
unembryonated egg
infectious stage of B. procynosis
L2 or L3
Syngamus trachea
morphology
host
location
infectious stage
clinical signs
“tracheal worm”
Y shaped, male/female conjoined
poultry (host), wild birds (reservoir)
trachea
ingestion of embryonated eggs or juveniles
gasping, gaping appearance
Dicrocoelium dendriticum
host
location
infectious stage
digean trematode - “small lanceolate fluke”
cattle, sheep, goats, lagomorphs
liver
metacercariae in 2nd IH (ants) on vegetation
what is the infectious stage of D. dendriticum and Fasicola
metacercariae
Fascicola jacksoni & F. hepatica
host
location
infectious stage
F. jacksoni - elephants
F. hepatica - ruminants
liver/biliary ducts
metacercariae on vegetation
difference between D. dendriticum and Fasicola life cycle
D. dendriticum
embryonated eggs are passed in feces
1 IH = snails
2 IH = brown ants “formica”
metacercariae in 2 IH on vegetation
Fasicola
unembryonated eggs are passed in feces
1 IH = snails
metacercariae on vegetation
Echinococcus granulosus & multiloculari
morphology
host(s)
location
tapeworm - short/small, few proglottids in length, proscolex on anterior end
E. granulosus = carnivores, ungulates IH
E. multiloculari = carnivores, wild canids
GI tract
difference in E. granulosus and E. multiloculari life cycle and infectious stage
E. granulosus = unilocular cyst
E. multiloculari = multilocular cyst
what type of cyst to E. granulosa have
hydatid cyst
what disease does E. granulosus cause
Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) “hydatid disease or hydatidosis”
what disease does E. multilocular cause
Alveolar Echinococcosis (AE)
Diphyllobothrium latum
morphology
host
location
tapeworm
two longitudinal bothria, L/M genital pores, vitellaria scattered, numerous testes, uterine pore
marine mammals/piscivorous animals
GI of DH
Describe D. latum lifecycle
1 IH?
2 IH?
paratenic host?
- unembryonated eggs passed in feces and develop in water
- coracidia hatch, ingested by 1 IH (crustacean/copebod)
- procercoid develops in IH
- 1 IH ingested by 2 IH (small fish)
- paratenic host (fish) ingests 2 IH
- DH ingests plerocercoids from PH
Eimeria macusaniensis
host
location
infectious stage
coccidia
camelids
GI
ingestion of sporulated oocyst
what stage of Eimeria is passed into the environment
unsporulated oocyst
“sporongy” occurs in the environment
what parasite is a disease of hunsbandy/management, presence/absence not associated with disease, is more common in young/stressed animals and severity based on number of oocysts ingested?
Eimeria spp.
coccidia
Eimeria tenella
host
location
infectious stage
poultry, gamebirds
GI tract
ingestion of sporulated oocysts from contaminated feed/water
what stage do coccidiostats in feed/water target to prevent outbreaks of EImeria?
what do vx contain?
the schizont stage
vx have oocysts
Histomonas meleagridis
apicomplexan or non-apicomplexan
host
reservoir
vector
paratenic host
NON-APICOMPLEXAN (no cyst)
host - gallinaceous fowl, chickens, turkeys, peafowl, pheasants
reservoir: chickens
vector: heterakis gallinarum
earthworm
what are the clinical signs of Histomonas meleagridis
blackhead in turkeys
pinpoint ulcers in cecum
cecum filled with cheesy, fowl smelling plugs
white/green areas of necrosis
yellow diarrhea
what bacteria is H. meleagridis associated with
E.coli & C. perfringens
Haematopinus suis
morphology
host
location
vector for?
“sucking hog louse”
skin - folds of neck, jowl, flanks, legs
african swine fever, eperythrozoon suis, swine pox
largest blood sucking louse in domestic animals is
Haematopinus suis “hog louse”
Menopon gallinae
morphology
host
location
poultry shaft louse - chewing louse
poultry/gamebirds
integument
Sarcoptes scabei suis
morphology
host
location
what does each tunnel contain
mite - unjointed pedicles, burrowing, claw-like structure
swine
edges of ears, eyes, snout –> pruritis
female + her eggs + her feces
Demodex phylloides
morphology
host
location
transmission
lesions
follicular mite - elongated
swine
hair follicles, sebaceous glands, eyelids
suckling, hard to transmit due to deep hair follicles
ventral abdomen, neck, eyelids, snout
Knemidocoptes spp.
host
location/lesion
sarcoptiform mite
poultry, gamebirds
integument - scaly leg and scaly face; mange on beak/face
Dermanyssus gallinae
morphology
host
location
life stages
“red poultry mite or chicken mite”
anal plate
chickens, turkeys, pigeons, canaries, wild birds
integument
egg, larvae, protonymph, deutonymph, adult
Ornithonyssus sp.
host
location
“northern fowl mite”
poultry, gamebirds
parting feather in the vent region
most important parasite of layers and breeding chickens?
Ornithonyssus sp. “northern fowl mite”
Echidnophaga gallinacea
morphology
host
location
“poultry sticktight flea”
no comb,
poultry, gamebirds
eyes/face
Cuterebra spp.
morphology
host
location
life cycle
“bot fly”
pink, fleshy young, black spines adult
dogs, cats, rabbits
integument
larvae migrate to SQ form “warble”, can drop into environment
obligatory parasites
Cuterebra spp. “bot fly”
Ornithonyssus spp. “northern fowl mite”
Gasterophilus intestinalis “equine stomach bot”
obligate intracellular parasites
Cystoisospora
Sarcocystis
Hepatozoon americanum
Toxoplasma gondii
Neospora caninum
