Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Virology > virology 1st quiz > Flashcards

virology 1st quiz Flashcards

0
Q

What 2 DNA viruses are ss?

A

Parvovirus and circo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Which DNA virus replicates in cytoplasm?

A

Poxviridae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are general characteristics of RNA viruses?

A

Single stranded, enveloped, replicate In cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are characteristics of most DNA viruses?

A

Double stranded, icosahedrons, replicate in nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which 2 RNA viruses are ds?

A

Reo and birna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which 2 RNA viruses replicate in nucleus?

A

Retro and orthomyxo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which 3 RNA viruses are ss and segmented?

A

Orthomyxo, bunyaviridae, arenaviridae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

which group taxonomizes viruses?

A

international committe on taxonomy of viruses - ictv

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does classification of a virus depend on?

A

type of genome
strategy of replication
structure of virion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the viral capsid made of and what else can it contain?

A

capsomeres

may contain enzymes, non structural proteins, no organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the range of virus sizes?

A

17 to 250 nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the 2 smallest dna viruses?

A

circo and parvo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the biggest dna virus?

A

poxviridae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

which rna viruses dont have an envelope?

A 
picorna
calici
astro
reo
birna
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which dna viruses have circular genomes?

A

hepadna
papo
circo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the eclipse period?

A

after penetration the virus cannot be detected for 2-12 hours until progeny become detectable
unrelated to incubation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does dna viral replication need in nucleus of cell?

A

cellular dna dependent rna polymerase 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what viral enzyme is needed for dna viruses that replicate in cytoplasm?

A

dna dependent rna polymerase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what way do enveloped viruses enter the cell?

A

membrane fusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what way do naked viruses enter the cell?

A

endocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what must ss negative rna viruses carry inside the cell?

A

specific viral rna dependent rna polymerase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

which virus buds from nuclear membrane and exits thru ER?

A

herpes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what kind of viremia is needed to infect cns and has high titer?

A

secondary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

which cells does parvo infect?

A

crypt cells in s phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are the 3 main changes after respiratory viral infection?

A

cessation of cilial beating
mucus layer gone
destruction of epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what are the 3 ways viral lytic infections cause encephalitis?

A

neuronal necrosis
neuronophagia
perivascular cuffing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

which viruses are lytic to cns?

A

toga

herpes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what 2 viruses cause demyelination in sheep?

A

maedi

visna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

which 2 viruses can travel from cns to periphery?

A

herpes

rabies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what are macules formed by?

A

lasting local dilation of dermal bv

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what causes papules?

A

from macules if there is edema and infiltration of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what causes vesicles?

A

seperation of epidermis from dermis by fluid pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what causes pustules?

A

vesicles infiltrated by neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

which dna virus is oncogenic?

A

herpes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

which rna virus is oncogenic?

A

retro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

how can viruses activate cellular oncogenes? 4 ways

A

insertional mutagenesis
transposition
gene amplification
mutation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what controls viral oncogenes?

A

long terminal repeats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

oncogenes from what kind of viruses do not have cell homologs?

A

dna viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

which retrovirus is both replication competent and carries a v- oncogene?

A

rous sarcoma

39
Q

what are the 3 ways retroviruses cause tumors?

A

transducing
cis activating
trans activating

40
Q

what is the tumor latency period and efficiency of a transducing retrovirus?

A

short latency

high efficiency

41
Q

what is the tumor latency period and efficiency of a cis activating retrovirus?

A

intermediate ( weeks to months) latency

high to intermediate efficiency

42
Q

what is the oncogenic factor of cis activating retrovirus?

A

cellular oncogene activated in situ by provirus

43
Q

what is the viral genome of a transducing retrovirus?

A

viral-cellular chimera, replication defective

44
Q

term for virus infection replicating continuously at very low level?

A

persistence

45
Q

where might the genome go during true latency infection?

A

viral genome integrated into cellular genome or exist as episomes

46
Q

What is the half life of maternal antibodies in cattle and horses?

A

21 days

47
Q

What is the half life of maternal antibodies in dogs and cats?

A

10 days

48
Q

What is the translocation cutoff time for colostrum in domestic animals?

A

2 days

49
Q

What are the most important antibodies in colostrum for cattle, swine, and horses?

A

IgG

50
Q

What are the most important antibodies in colostrum for dogs and humans?

A

IgA

51
Q

What are the most important antibodies in milk of cattle and horses? Milk of swine and dogs?

A

Cattle and horses - IgG

Swine and dogs - IgA

52
Q

What is degeneracy as relating to viral evolution?

A

redundancy, no ambiguity (codons encoding one AA may differ in any of their 3 positions)

53
Q

What are the 3 types of genetic drift in viruses?

A

substitutions, insertions, deletions

54
Q

What are the 3 forms of genetic shift in viruses?

A

recombination
reassortment
defective interfering particles

55
Q

What is a frameshift mutation?

A

indels of a non-multiple of 3 nucleotide bases

56
Q

What is the mutation rate for RNA viruses?

A

10-3 (DNA have 10-9)

57
Q

What is the term for RNA viruses having one clone predominant in an infection within a host?

A

quasispecies

58
Q

What is it called when an RNA dependent RNA polymerase attaches to a different template during recombination?

A

copy choice mechanism

59
Q

What type of evolution result in mixed infections because of recombination?

A

genomic shift

60
Q

What kind of viruses undergo reassortment?

A

segmented genome viruses

61
Q

What do defective interfering particles need to replicate?

A

normal viral genomes

62
Q

How are defective interfering particles highly flexible?

A

can tolerate large deletions or sequence rearangements

63
Q

What is the term used when a cell infected with 2 viruses increases the yield of one virus or both?

A

complementation

64
Q

What is the term that virus progeny can acquire phenotypic characteristics from both parents but only have one of their genomes?

A

phenotypic mixing

65
Q

Which virus is not haploid?

A

retrovirus

66
Q

What is it called when several nucleocapsids are found in a single envelope?

A

polyploidy

67
Q

What kind of mutations can bring virulence back?

A

back mutations and complementary mutations

68
Q

If reproduction number is greater than one, what does that mean?

A

epidemic

69
Q

If the repro number is less than 1, what does that mean?

A

infection will die out

70
Q

Which type of vaccine needs an adjuvant?

A

inactivated

71
Q

Which vaccine only needs one dose?

A

attenuated

72
Q

Which vaccine has a duration of immunity less than 1 year?

A

inactivated

73
Q

What are the factors affecting efficacy of a vaccine?

A

heat liability
vaccination frequency
phsyiologic and immunolgic conditions
human errors

74
Q

What are the factors affecting safety of a vaccine?

A 
underattenuation
genetic instability
contamination
adverse effects in pregnant animals
innoculation site rxns
75
Q

What are the ways adjuvants increase immunogenicity?

A

prolong release of antigen
activate macrophages
induce mitogenicity for lymphocytes

76
Q

How does Acyclovir, an anti-viral drug work?

A

it is a PRODRUG, requires viral coded enzyme to be active inside infected cells

77
Q

At what temperature do viral surface proteins denature?

A

60 degrees C

78
Q

What can be used to disinfect drinking water, food, utensils, dairies?

A

sodium hypochlorite (chlorox), and detergent iodophores (betadine)

79
Q

What can be used to disinfect laundry, bedding and surface as a vapor?

A

formeldahyde

80
Q

What can be used to disinfect hands, exam tables, cages and hospital surfaces?

A

Phenol derivatives (lysol)

81
Q

What can be used to disinfect a wide range of hospital surfaces?

A

chlorohexadine

82
Q

What can be used to disinfect heat sensitive medical supplies?

A

ethylene dioxide

83
Q

What can be used to disinfect cold sterilization of instruments with lenses?

A

glutaraldehyde

84
Q

What can be used to disinfect hands and thermometers?

A

alcohol

86
Q

What can be used to disinfect wounds?

A

quarternary ammonium compounds (zephiran, roccal, savlon)

87
Q

What is the term for infecting all culture cells simultaneously?

A

one step growth curve

88
Q

Which DNA viruses are naked?

A

Circo, parvo, papo, adeno

89
Q

Which RNA viruses are naked?

A

Picorna, calici, astro, reo, birna

90
Q

What are the 9 DNA viruses?

A

Circo, Parvo, Hepadna, Papova, Adeno, Herpes, Asfa, Irido, Pox

91
Q

What is the suffix for virus order?

A

-virales

92
Q

What is the suffix for virus family?

A

-viridae

93
Q

What is the suffix for virus subfamily?

A

-virinae

94
Q

What is the suffix for virus genus and species?

A

-virus

95
Q

What are the INDIRECT ways cell can acquire damage from viruses?

A

integration of viral genome
induction of mutations in host genome
inflammation
host immune response

96
Q

What are viral infections osmotically more severe in newborns?

A

Milk is osmotically active

Virology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions