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Bovine viruses Flashcards

0
Q

What are the systemic bovine diseases?

A 
foot and mouth
bovine leukemia
bovine viral diarrhea
bovine ephemeral fever
malignant catarrhal fever
rift valley fever
rinderpest
bluetongue
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1
Q

What are the 2 bovine CNS diseases?

A

Rabies

BSE

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2
Q

What are the 3 bovine respiratory dzs?

A

infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
bovine respiratory syncytial dz
parinfluenza 3

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3
Q

What are the 2 bovine GI dzs?

A

bovine rotavirus diarrhea

bovine coronavirus

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4
Q

What are the 2 repro viruses of bovine?

A

infectious pustular vulvovaginitis

akabane dz

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5
Q

What are the 6 bovine skin viruses?

A 
papillomatosis
vesicular stomatitis
bovine mammillitis
cowpox
pseudocowpox
lumpyskin dz
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6
Q

What are the characteristics of foot and mouth virus?

A

family - picornaviridae
naked
exits by lysis

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7
Q

What are the symptoms of FMD?

A

mucosal lesions of ruminants and swine

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8
Q

How many serotypes of FMD are there?

A

7

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9
Q

When does the most economical lost happen with FMD?

A

slow recovery after dz

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10
Q

Is FMD zoonotic?

A

yes but rare

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11
Q

Why are FMD vaccines not effective?

A

continuous antienic drift and they are also serotype specific

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12
Q

How is FMD spread?

A

inhalation of droplets, infected food, vaccines, semen and fomites

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13
Q

When and how long is the FMD virus shed?

A

24 hours before onset of clinical signs
cattle - 2 years
not persistant in swine!

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14
Q

What test is used to detect FMD?

A

antigen ELISA for all serotypes

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15
Q

What test is used to detect the source of FMD?

A

RT-PCR

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of bovine leukemia virus?

A

family - retroviridae

enveloped

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17
Q

What are the clinical signs of BLV?

A 
most - asymptomatic
30% - persistant lymphocytosis
few - lymphoid tumors
lymphosarcomas
NO MALIGNANT CELLS IN BLOOD
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18
Q

How is BLV diagnosed?

A

antibody ELISA

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19
Q

How is BLV transmitted?

A

close and prolonged direct contact

10% of calves infected at birth

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20
Q

What are the characteristics of malignant catarrhal fever?

A

family - herpesviridae
enveloped
intranuclear inclusion bodies

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21
Q

What does malignant catarrhal fever cause?

A

fatal generalized lymphoproliferative dz

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22
Q

What is the main clinical sign of malignant catarrhal fever?

A

bilateral opthalmia leading to blindness

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23
Q

What are the diagnostic tests of catarrhal fever?

A

history, CS, confirmed by virus isolation

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24
Q

How is catarrhal fever controlled?

A

cattle are dead end to transmission, no vaccines

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25
Q

What is the family and genus of rinderpest?

A

Paramyxoviridae - morbillivirus

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26
Q

What do paramyxoviridae viruses show in cells?

A

syncytiums, intracytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusion bodies

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27
Q

What other virus can you relate rinderpest to?

A

canine distemper virus

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28
Q

What are the 2 phases of rinderpest virus?

A

mucosal - severe mouth erosions

diarrhea - die of shock and dehydration

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29
Q

How is the rinderpest virus spread throughout the body?

A

viremia ->spleen, BM, mucosa of GI and respiratory

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30
Q

What leads to secondary infections in rinderpest virus?

A

leukopenia and destruction of LN

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31
Q

When is the rinderpest virus shed?

A

during incubation period, before clinical signs

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32
Q

What family is Bovine Viral diarrhea virus?

A

flaviviridae

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33
Q

What are characteristics of flavivirdae viruses?

A

RNA, enveloped

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34
Q

Where does BVD occur and why is it important?

A

worldwide, high morbidity and mortality in beef and dairy

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35
Q

What does transplancental infection in BVD depend on?

A

age of the fetus

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36
Q

What months of gestation can the fetus get infected with BVD?

A

2nd to 4th month

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37
Q

What is the main clinical sign of non-pregnant cows infected with BVD?

A

panleukopenia

38
Q

What is a superinfection?

A

2nd infection from mutated strain of virus

39
Q

What types of animals get the acute mucosal and chronic mucosal form of BVD?

A

persistantly infected calves

40
Q

What causes persistantly infected calves to develop mucosal dz?

A

superinfection from vaccine

41
Q

What are some symptoms of acute mucosal dz?

A

erosions and ulcers on mucosa, nasal ocular discharge, hypersalivation, decreased rumination and bloat

42
Q

What is the sequalae of acute mucosal disease in BVD?

A

dehydrate and die within 3-10 days

43
Q

What happens in chronic mucosal disease in BVD?

A

die before 18 months, euthanized

44
Q

Where is BVDV replicating in persistantly infected bulls?

A

seminal vesicles and prostate gland -> venereal transmission

45
Q

What aspect of BVDV allows for transplancental and intrauterine infections?

A

high level of viremia

46
Q

What is the gold standard test for BVDV?

A

virus isolation in culture, followed by IF

47
Q

What is the most convenient test for BVDV?

A

viral antigen detection in tissues (IHC)

48
Q

How can BVDV be prevented?

A

attenuated vaccines -> but may cause PI animals to get mucosal dz

49
Q

What are the viruses involved in shipping fever?

A

parainfluenza 3
adenovirus
IBR
bovine resp syncytial

50
Q

What vaccine is available for parainfluenza 3 virus?

A

attenuated vax - produce IgA antibodies

combined with IBR, adeno, and BVD

51
Q

What species does parainfluenza 3 virus infect?

A

wide range of species

52
Q

What is the family and genus of bovine respiratory syncytial dz?

A

paramyxoviridae - pneumovirus

53
Q

What effects can bovine respiratory syncytial disease virus cause by itself?

A

high morbidity and low mortality

54
Q

Why can reinfections occur in bovine resp syncytial dz?

A

serologic conversion is short lived

55
Q

How is bovine respiratory syncytial dz diagnosed?

A

IF on cells from lung lavage or necropsy, serology on paired samples are difficult to interpret

56
Q

What tie of year is bovine respiratory syncytial dz more common?

A

winter - spreads rapidly by aerosols

57
Q

What type of virus causes IBR?

A

bovine herpesvirus 1

58
Q

What is the morbidity and mortality of IBR?

A

morbidity - 100%

mortality - 10%

59
Q

What are the clinical signs of IBR?

A

fetid breath, deep bronchial cough, abortion (late, rare)

60
Q

What do aborted fetuses of IBR show on necropsy?

A

no gross lesions, microscopic necrotic foci

61
Q

How many segments does bovine rotavirus have?

62
Q

What are other names for bovine rota virus diarrhea in calves?

A

white scours, milk scours

63
Q

When are calves affected by rota virus?

A

first couple of weeks post birth

64
Q

What are the clinical signs of rota virus in calves?

A

moderately depressed, eating, feces are voluminus, soft to liquid, lots of mucus

65
Q

What virus is known as “winter dysentery”?

A

bovine coronavirus diarrhea

66
Q

When is coronavirus diarrhea seen in calves?

A

at about 1 week of age

67
Q

What are the characteristics of papovaviridae viruses?

A

DNA, naked

68
Q

What forms of bovine papillomatosis show small firm to large cauliflowers, gray or black and rough to the touch?

A

teat frond warts
cutaneous warts
rice rain fibropapillomas

69
Q

What characterizes type 3 bovine papillomatosis?

A

flat with broad base

70
Q

Where can the cauliflower papilloma be found on the body?

A

teats, udders, head, neck, omasum, vulva, penis, anus

71
Q

Where can papillomas occur to cause endemic hematuria? What do they eventually become?

A

GI and bladder –> progress to SCC

72
Q

How does papilloma virus enter the body?

A

through abrasians

73
Q

How long do the papillomas persist?

A

4-6 months, spontaneous regression

74
Q

What virus causes bovine mammillitis?

A

bovine herpesvirus 2

75
Q

What are the DDX for bovine mammillitis?

A

warts, pseudocowpox, vesicular stomatitis

76
Q

What are the pathognomic lesions found in pseudocowpox?

A

horse shoe scabs

77
Q

What kind of herds are affected by pseudo cow pox?

A

mostly milking, some beef

78
Q

What are the many CS caused by bovine herpesvirus 1?

A 
rhinotracheatis
pustular vaginitis
balanoposthitis
conjuctivitis
abortion
enteritis
79
Q

What animals are affected by infectious ppusstular vulvovaginitis and balanoposthitis?

A

dairy cows

80
Q

How long does acute cow genital herpes last?

81
Q

What are signs of balanoposthitis in bulls?

A

refusal to serve

semen contains virus

82
Q

What are the symptoms of cows with BHV 1?

A

stand apart, frequent micturition
vulva swollen, discharge
vestibular mucosa is red with many small pustules
form a fibrinous pseudomembrane covering the ulcerated mucosa

83
Q

What is the difference between the PrPc and PrPsc proteins?

A

different folding

84
Q

What are characteristics of viruses in the flaviviridae family?

A

RNA, enveloped

85
Q

What genera of flaviviridae produces persistantly infected immunotolerant animals?

A

pestivirus

86
Q

What genera of flaviviridae are arboviruses and zoonotic?

A

flaviviruses

87
Q

What are characteristics of picornaviridae?

A

RNA, naked, resistant in environment

88
Q

What parts of the body do picornaviridae infect?

A

myocardium, liver, CNS

89
Q

What diagnostic tests can be used on picornaviridae viruses?

A

antigen ELISA and RT-PCR

90
Q

What can distinguish between the two conformational epitopes of prion diseases?

A

monoclonal antibody

91
Q

What are the 4 viruses that cause abortion in cows?

A

FMD (by fever)
Rinderpest
BVDV - after day 125
BHV 1 (IBR and IPV)

92
Q

What is the aborting virus of small ruminants?

A

bluetongue

Virology (10 decks)

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