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Virology > Small Ruminant Viruses > Flashcards

Small Ruminant Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

What are the viral characteristics of bluetongue disease?

A

reoviridae, RNA, segemented

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2
Q

How is blue tongue transmitted?

A

arbovirus

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3
Q

Where does bluetongue occur in the world?

A

tropics and subtropics

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4
Q

What is the most important economic loss of bluetongue?

A

major trade barrier

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5
Q

What insect transmits blue tongue virus?

A

culicoides

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6
Q

What is the reservoir for bluetongue virus?

A

subclinically infected cattle

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7
Q

What are the viral characteristics of caprine arthritis-encephalitis?

A

retroviridae - RNA, enveloped

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8
Q

What are the 2 syndromes associated with caprine arthritis-encephalitis and at what age do they occur?

A

encephalomyelitis in kids (2-4 months)

arthritis - older than 1 year

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9
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with caprine - A-E?

A

lameness, wasting, but afebrile, alert, good appetite and sight, ascending paralysis, paddling

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10
Q

What are the arthritis signs of caprine -A-E?

A

insidious onset over months/years, joints swollen and painful

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11
Q

Where will you find lesions in necropsy of goats with caprine-A-E?

A

focal malacia in WHITE matter
joint lesions are of proliferative sinovitis
pneumonia

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12
Q

How is caprine-A-E diagnosed?

A

antibody detection, test and remove

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13
Q

How is caprine-A-E controlled?

A

no vax, transmission thru colustrum - can pasteurize colostrum to prevent

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14
Q

What are the clinical signs of scrapie?

A

excitable, tremors, intense pruritus, deterioration over 1-6 months

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15
Q

What are the necropsy lesions associated with scrapie?

A

gray matter - vacuolation, no inflammation

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16
Q

What test can be used to diagnose scrapie?

A

IHC and western blot on CSF

17
Q

What family is maedi?

A

retroviridae

18
Q

What is maedi called in the US?

A

ovine progressive pneumonia

19
Q

What are the clinical signs of maedi?

A

insidious onset, not recognized until 3 years old

jerking of head and flared nostrils, nasal discharge and cough, abort, immunosuppresion

20
Q

What are the necropsy lesions associated with maedi?

A

lungs and LN - HOMOGENOUSLY consolidated nodules, lungs don’t collapse

21
Q

What is the most commonly used test for maedi?

A

antibody ELISA

22
Q

What is a more sensitive test that can be used for maedi?

A

WB, PCR

23
Q

How is maedi transmitted?

A

Directly and indrectly (not typical of retros)

24
Q

How is maedi controlled?

A

avoiding transmission –> biting arthropods, surgical equipment mechanically

25
Q

What family is ovine pulmonary adenomatosis?

A

retroviridae

26
Q

What can not be used to diagnose ovine pulmonary adenomatosis?

A

cell culture - doesn’t grow on it

27
Q

What is the incubation time for ovine pulmonary adenomatosis?

A

years, but shorter in lambs

28
Q

How are the clinical signs of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis different from maedi?

A

large amounts of surfactant containing viscous fluid produced by tumor cells
Lesions in lung are nodular

29
Q

What kind of tumors come from ovine pulmonary adenomatosis?

A

adenomas and adenocarcinomas - metastasis

30
Q

Where is OPA secreted?

A

in saliva and respiratory secretions

31
Q

What are 2 other names for Orf?

A

contagious ecthyma, scabby mouth

32
Q

What viral family is Orf?

A

Poxviridae - replicates in cytoplasm

33
Q

Where are scabby lesions found on the sheep?

A

muzzle, within the mouth esp lambs, rarely on eyelids, feet and teats

34
Q

What makes Orf so hard to eradicate from a flock?

A

reinfection, chronic infections, resistance in environment

35
Q

How can Orf be prevented?

A

ewes vaccinated weeks before lambing –> applied by scarified skin, short lived immunity

Virology (10 decks)

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