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BIOL 246 Exam 3 > Viral Replication > Flashcards

Viral Replication Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three cell lines?

A

Primary: die quickly
Diploid: die within 50-100 generations
Continuous: “immortal,” grow forever

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2
Q

What are “baby viruses” actually called and how many can be produced (from each virus)?

A

Progeny
produces ~500

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3
Q

What is the difference between the lytic and lysogenic cycle?

A

Lytic: Uses cell, replicate, lyses, leaves
Lysogenic: host stays alive after, viral genome integrates into host genome

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4
Q

What is the transforming interaction?

A

makes tumor/cancer-like cells
alters the host’s cell growth/morphology
viral genome is integrated into host genome

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5
Q

How is attachment with enveloped viruses different from attachment with naked viruses?

A

Enveloped: spikes, binds to receptors
Naked: nucleocapsid, areas of binding on capsid

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6
Q

What are the steps in viral replication?

A
  1. Attachment
  2. Penetration
  3. Uncoating
  4. Synthesis
  5. Maturation/assembly
  6. Release
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7
Q

Does every virally infected cell that makes progeny die?

A

Yes

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8
Q

What is the difference between penetration for enveloped and naked viruses/microbes?

A

Naked- enter through endocytosis
Envelopes- enter through endocytosis OR fusion

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9
Q

How do enveloped viruses/microbes penetrate through the cell membrane (besides endocytosis)?

A

fuse of envelope with cell membrane of the host cell

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10
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

the process which cells internalize substances from their external environment by forming a vacuole around the foreign substance

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11
Q

What is the uncoating stage of replication?

A

Separating the nucleic acid from protein capsid coat to release the nucleic acid

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12
Q

What is the difference between enveloped/naked microbes in the uncoating stage?

A

there is no difference, it’s all the same

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13
Q

What is the difference between DNA and RNA synthesis?

A

All DNA viruses replicate in the nucleus (except poxviruses); ALL RNA viruses replicate in the cytoplasm (EXCEPT retroviruses and orthomyxoviruses)

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14
Q

Where do poxviruses (DNA) replicate?

A

In the cytoplasm

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15
Q

What type of polymerase does poxviruses use for synthesis?

A

DNA dependent DNA polymerase

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16
Q

Where do retroviruses and orthomyxoviruses replicate?

A

The nucleus

17
Q

What type of polymerase do retroviruses and orthomyxoviruses use?

A

RNA dependent RNA polymerase

18
Q

What is a virion?

A

complete infectious viral particle

19
Q

What is the difference between RNA/DNA maturation?

A

There is no difference

20
Q

What are the steps in maturation/assembly?

A
  • Assembly of capsomeres into capsid
  • New synthesized viral DNA inserted into capsid
  • Make new viral particles
21
Q

What is the difference between DNA/RNA release?

A

There is none

22
Q

What is the difference between enveloped/naked release?

A

naked: lysing the cell
enveloped: virus (with spike protein) pushes out of cell membrane

23
Q

What is the process of release for enveloped viruses/microbes?

A

Virus goes to membrane with spike proteins in -> pushes out of cell a little and forms bud -> completely pushes out and has envelope

24
Q

What are the steps for replication in a lysogenic cycle?

A

Attachment, penetration, uncoating, INTEGRATION, biosynthesis, maturation, release

25
Q

What type of replication does HIV undergo? (lytic or lysogenic)

A

lysogenic

26
Q

How do retroviruses (HIV) replicate?

A
  1. Enter as ssRNA
  2. replicate as DNA via reverse transcriptase and RNA dependent DNA polymerase
  3. integrate into host DNA (provirus)
  4. transcription (DNA->RNA)
  5. assemble and release via budding
27
Q

What does reverse transcriptase produce?

A

ssRNA -> dsDNA

28
Q

What is a provirus?

A

the piece of integrated viral DNA into host chromosome (like a prophage but viruses)

29
Q

Why would a microbe that creates provirus be uncurable?

A

because the provirus becomes a part of the host’s DNA

30
Q

What does AIDS stand for?

A

acquired immune deficiency syndrome

31
Q

What is viral latency?

A

viruses that remain dormant but can be reactivated

32
Q

What are some examples of latent viruses?

A

HTLV-1 and HTLV-2, herpes (HHV), EBV, HBV, HPV

33
Q

What is an oncogenic virus?

A

viruses that promote tumor formation and integrate into the host’s cell (causing transformations)

34
Q

What are some common diseases caused by prions?

A

Mad cow disease
Kuru
Creutzfeldt-jakob disease

35
Q

What is the mortality rate of prions?

A

100%

36
Q

What are prions made up of?

A

Pieces of proteins with no nucleic acids that kept replicating -> Converts normal protein to an infectious abnormal protein

37
Q

What do prions cause?

A

deadly neurological diseases

38
Q

How do prions replicate?

A

Prpc on the cell surface
Prpsc (abnormal) protein TOUCHES the prpc
Prpsc converts prpc to prpsc
Then they do it to surrounding ones
When all of them accumulate, it leads to cell death

BIOL 246 Exam 3 (10 decks)

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