RNA Viral Families

Question 1

An influenza virus that has changed from an H1N1 to an H3N2 has undergone antigenic drift. True or false?

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Influenza viruses:
A. Have 8 segments of ss RNA
B. Have an envelope of H and N spikes on it
C. Are generally stable and do not undergo many mutations
D. a and b
E. a, b, and c

Answer 2

D

Question 3

All the following are true of COVID-19 except:
A. The major mode of transmission is air and droplets
B. Most likely the virus jumped over from an animal virus and thus is considered zoonotic
C. Several effective vaccines are available to prevent severe disease
D. Loss of taste and smell is a common symptom of infection
E. The virus that causes is a naked DNA virus that is segmented

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Pigs are perfect mixing vessels for Influenza A virus where antigenic shift can occur. True or false?

Answer 4

True

Question 5

What is the structure of Picornaviridae?

Answer 5

+ve ssRNA, icosahedral, naked, VERY SMALL (pico)

Question 6

What does Picornaviridae cause?

Answer 6

Polio virus
enteroviruses (Hepatitis A)
most cause common cold
rhinoviruses

Question 7

What is the structure of Togaviridae?

Answer 7

+ve ssRNA, icosahedral, enveloped, TOGA (cloaked or enveloped)

Question 8

What does Togaviridae cause? How is it transmitted?

Answer 8

Arboviruses
Rubiviruses (Rubella)
Transmitted by arthropods

Question 9

What is the structure of Coronaviridae?

Answer 9

+ve RNA, icosahedral

Question 10

What does Coronaviridae cause?

Answer 10

Common cold
SARS-CoV
MERS-CoV
!!SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19)

Question 11

What is a unique symptom that develops because of COVID-19?

Answer 11

Loss of taste or smell

Question 12

What is the structure of Orthomyxoviridae?

Answer 12

SEGMENTED -ve ssRNA, helical, enveloped

Question 13

What does Orthomyxoviridae cause?

Answer 13

Influenza viruses

Question 14

What is the most common type of influenza?

Answer 14

Type A

Question 15

What is the difference between antigenic drift and antigenic shift?

Answer 15

Drift: changes annually, minor changes
Shift: MAJOR changes, every 10-15 years

Question 16

What is the most commonly infected animal that mixes influenza viruses?

Answer 16

Pig

Question 17

What are some ways to treat/prevent influenza?

Answer 17

Tamiflu (within the first 48 hours)
Vaccines

Washing hands
Staying home

Question 18

How is the flu vaccine developed every year?

Answer 18

1. A Survey collects the most common strain information
2. Take virus
3. Grow in chicken embryo (egg)
4. Kill the virus by heat

Question 19

What is the structure of Flaviviridae?

Answer 19

+ve RNA, polyhedral, enveloped

Question 20

What is a Flumist vaccine?

Answer 20

an intranasal vaccine

Question 21

What does Flaviviridae cause?

Answer 21

Hepatitis C (HCV)

Question 22

What is the structure of Retroviridae?

Answer 22

Diploid +ve RNA, icosahedral, enveloped

Question 23

What is unique about Retroviridae’s structure?

Answer 23

It’s a diploid virus -> has two identical copies of ssRNA

Question 24

What is reverse transcriptase and which virus family does this?

Answer 24

makes a DNA intermediate to insert into host chromosome
Retroviridae

Question 25

What is the structure of Paramyxoviridae?

Answer 25

-ve RNA, helical, enveloped

Question 26

What does Paramyxoviridae cause?

Answer 26

mumps, rubeola (measles)

Question 27

What is the structure of Rhabdoviridae?

Answer 27

-ve RNA, helical, enveloped, bullet shaped, spiked envelope
rod with one flat and curved end

Question 28

What does Rhabdoviridae cause?

Answer 28

rabies

Question 29

What is the structure of Filoviridae?

Answer 29

-ve RNA, helical, enveloped, thread-like, long

Question 30

What does filoviridae cause?

Answer 30

Ebola

Question 31

What is the structure of Reoviridae?

Answer 31

Segmented dsRNA, icosahedral, naked

Question 32

What is the only dsRNA virus?

Answer 32

Reoviridae

Question 33

What does Reoviridae cause?

Answer 33

R = respiratory diseases
E = enteric diseases
O = orphan - not associated with any disease

Question 34

What does Retroviridae cause?

Answer 34

immunodeficiency viruses (HIV), leukemia viruses, RNA tumor viruses

Question 35

Which viral family does HIV belong to?

Answer 35

Retroviruses

Question 36

Which viral family does Influenza belong to?

Answer 36

Orthomyxoviruses